琥珀酰化壳聚糖-铜(Ⅱ)-苯并咪唑衍生物配合物的合成、表征及抗菌活性

文章利用琥珀酸酐对壳聚糖进行改性,并合成了两个新的配合物:sucts-Cu(Ⅱ)-hpb(1)和sucts-Cu(Ⅱ)-tbz(2)[sucts=琥珀酰化壳聚糖,hpb=2-(2’-吡啶)-苯并咪唑,tbz=2-(4′-噻唑基)苯并咪唑]。应用红外光谱,紫外-可见光谱,原子吸收光谱对配合物进行了表征,采用试管倍比稀释法研究了这些配合物对苏云金杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用。结果表明,两种配合物对四种细菌均有较强的抑菌活性,配合物1、2,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为62.5～125μg.mL-1和125～250μg.mL-1,抗菌效果明显强于自由配体。     

水溶性壳聚糖稀土配合物的合成、表征及其抑菌性研究

以水溶性壳聚糖(CS)与稀土离子La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+和Dy3+在常温和pH值为4~5的条件下制备了水溶性壳聚糖稀土配合物CS-La, CS-Nd, CS-Sm, CS-Eu和CS-Dy. 并运用FT-IR, UV和TG-DTA对其配合物进行表征,并研究了配体和配合物的热稳定性及配合物的抑菌活性. 结果表明,5种配合物均有选择性抑菌性能;其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有很好的抑菌作用;其对5种菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为120~500 mg/mL,低于800 mg/mL,且抑菌效果明显优于单独的壳聚糖和稀土硝酸盐. CS-Sm对大肠杆菌的抑菌性最好,MIC为125 mg/mL;而CS-Nd和CS-Sm对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性最强,MIC均为120 mg/mL.     

壳聚糖-Sm~(3+)配合物的制备及其生理活性研究

以壳聚糖、氧化钐为原料,制备了壳聚糖-Sm3 配合物,用紫外、红外、差热等分析手段对其配住效果进行了探讨,并对所制备的配合物做了生理活性试验.结果表明,壳聚糖与Sm3 进行了配位反应,红外光谱反映的信息是壳聚糖分子中参与配位的基团主要是羟基.氨基的配位信息不明显,壳聚糖及其配合物的紫外波长、红外波数及其对应的相关温度随着壳聚糖相对分子量的降低而降低,但壳聚糖与Sm3 形成配合物后,配合物的焓变值却增大,稳定性提高,配位效果增强,且所制备配合物具有优良的抗菌、抑菌等某些生理活性.     

水溶性壳聚糖稀土配合物的合成、表征及其抑菌活性

[目的]研究水溶性壳聚糖及其稀土离子金属配合物的抑菌活性。[方法]合成水溶性壳聚糖和稀土离子La(Ⅲ)、Ce(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)的配合物,利用FT-IR、UV-Vis和热重分析仪对配合物进行表征,研究壳聚糖及其配合物对芦笋茎枯病菌Phomopsis asparagus的抑制活性。[结果]壳聚糖Ce(Ⅲ)配合物对Phomopsis asparagus的抑菌活性较单一的水溶性壳聚糖及其他稀土配合物显著提高。[结论]水溶性壳聚糖稀土配合物抑菌活性分别为Ce(Ⅲ)配合物>La(Ⅲ)配合物>Nd(Ⅲ)配合物>壳聚糖。     

氨基硫脲壳聚糖与碘的配合物抑菌性质研究

壳聚糖(CTS)与硫氰酸铵在乙醇中反应制得氨基硫脲壳聚糖(ATU-CTS)。制备ATU-CTS和碘的配合物(ATU-CTS-I2),用红外光谱和热重分析对CTS、ATU-CTS和ATU-CTS-I2进行表征。讨论了ATU-CTS与碘配合物的抑菌性质,结果表明ATU-CTS-I2对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌敏感度为高度敏感。     

Mn(Ⅱ)对壳聚糖降解制备低聚壳聚糖的影响

将壳聚糖进行液态均相配合反应制得壳聚糖锰配合物，IR、元素分析及热分析等检测证实了壳聚糖锰配合物中配位键的存在，且显示壳聚糖锰配合物存在有利于壳聚糖高分子链断裂的弱势结构。以H2O2对壳聚糖．Mn(Ⅱ)配合物及壳聚糖进行氧化降解，考察降解过程中粘度的变化及降解产物分子量分布，在相同的降解条件下，壳聚糖锰配合物的降解速度明显高于壳聚糖，且降解产物分子量分布较壳聚糖直接降解窄。对壳聚糖锰配合物降解反应动力学研究表明壳聚糖锰配合物对H2O2分解不存在催化作用，其降解反应与壳聚糖的差异只与其结构有关。对降解产物进行脱金属处理，所得低聚壳聚糖含锰量为0。     

低聚壳聚糖锆配合物的制备及其性能

以低聚壳聚糖(L-CTS)和硝酸锆为原料合成了低聚壳聚糖锆配合物[L-CTS-Zr(Ⅳ)]。利用红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁、X-粉末衍射对配合物进行了表征。探讨了配合物的抑菌性,结果表明:低聚壳聚糖锆配合物的抑菌性强于低聚壳聚糖。     

β-环糊精固载降解壳聚糖季铵盐型抗菌防霉剂的制备及应用

采用降解壳聚糖与十二烷基叔胺经季铵化合成的降解壳聚糖季铵盐(HDCC)为原料,经环氧化并固载β-环糊精制得抗菌防霉剂HDCC-CD。经红外光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)对其结构进行表征,取抑菌剂浓度为4g·L~(-1)不同固载量的HDCC-CD对黑曲霉进行抑菌防霉活性研究,结果表明,当固载量达到18μmol·g~(-1)时,黑曲霉抑菌率可达到79.6%,具有良好的抑菌防霉效果。     

不同种类壳聚糖／LDPE抗菌塑料性能初探

以市售壳聚糖、自制水溶性壳聚糖和微米化壳聚糖为抗菌剂,LDPE为基体,通过机械混炼法制备了系列抗菌塑料,考察了各种壳聚糖用量对抗菌塑料断裂伸长率的影响以及其对E.coli、B.subtilis和P.species的抑菌效果.结果表明,各种壳聚糖的加入均使LDPE的断裂伸长率降低,当壳聚糖:LDPE>0.5:100(质量比)后,下降缓慢;各抗菌塑料对三种供试细菌的抑菌效果不同,以水溶性壳聚糖为抗菌剂所得产物对B.subtilis的抑制效果最好,而抗菌剂用量对抗菌率的影响不大.6周土壤掩埋实验表明,添加壳聚糖会使LDPE抵抗自然环境中微生物侵蚀的能力降低.     

羧甲基壳聚糖对亚铁离子吸附行为的研究

利用氯乙酸对壳聚糖进行改性制备羧甲基壳聚糖,并对其吸附亚铁离子的条件进行优化.结果表明,温度为40℃、pH=4.0、业铁离子的起始浓度为15mg/mL、反应时间为10 h时吸附容量最大,可达250 mg/g.对产物的性能进行表征,发现亚铁离子与羧甲基壳聚糖发生了化学配位,配合物结晶度较壳聚糖明显下降,质地变的疏松多孔.     

响应面法优化羟丙基壳聚糖的合成工艺

以壳聚糖(CTS)、环氧丙烷为原料合成了羟丙基壳聚糖(HPCS),采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹ H NMR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征,并考察了合成工艺对其特性黏数的影响。结果表明,羟丙基被成功接枝到壳聚糖上,HPCS已经成功合成。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法对其工艺进行优化,得到HPCS合成的最佳工艺条件为反应温度60 ℃,反应时间6 h,碱液质量分数30%,碱化时间20 min,环氧丙烷用量12.6 g。在此条件下,HPCS特性黏数为206.32 mL/g,相对分子质量为2.738×10⁵,取代度(D_S)为0.426。     

壳聚糖抗菌活性研究进展

壳聚糖具有无毒、良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、广谱抗菌性等优良性能,作为新型抗菌剂越来越受学者的青睐。本文主要综述了21世纪以来影响壳聚糖抗菌性能的因素、壳聚糖的抗菌机理以及壳聚糖衍生物抗菌性能等方面的内容。     

用于酶固定化的多胺化壳聚糖基载体的合成及性能表征

以构建性能优良的壳聚糖基固定化酶载体为目的,用反相悬浮交联法制备了壳聚糖微球,以其作为固定化载体基体,进一步制备了多胺化壳聚糖载体,分别优化了壳聚糖微球环氧化及胺化反应条件。最佳环氧化条件为:n(环氧氯丙烷)∶n(壳聚糖结构单元)=10∶1、50℃反应6 h,环氧基含量达3.32 mmol/g;最佳胺化条件为:n(四乙烯五胺)∶n(环氧基)=15∶1、55℃反应6 h,载体氨基含量可达4.55 mmol/g,高于未胺化微球的2.01mmol/g。用IR、SEM、XRD等对最终产物进行了表征。结果表明,制备的多胺化壳聚糖呈单分散球形,粒径220~300μm,表面较光滑,抗酸性能显著增强。采用该载体对木瓜蛋白酶进行固定化,固定化酶表观活力最高达146 U/g,活力回收率达51%,是采用未经多胺修饰的壳聚糖微球固定化的2~3倍。     

Manufacture and properties of chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers

Chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (CNVFs) were prepared by blending chitosan emulsion, N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan (N,O‐CMC), and viscose rayon together for spinning. The fibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed that chitosan microparticles dispersed uniformly along the oriented direction with the mean size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. DSC spectra of these fibers showed that no significant change in thermal property was caused by adding chitosan and N,O‐CMC into the viscose rayon. TGA spectra showed that the good moisture retentivity was not affected by the addition of chitosan and N,O‐CMC. Both DSC and TGA suggested that the decomposing tendency of the viscose rayon above 250°C seemed to be weakened by the chitosan. The fibers' mechanical properties and antibacterial activities against Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were measured. Although the addition of chitosan slightly reduced the mechanical properties, the antibacterial fibers' properties were obtained and were found to meet commercial requirements. CNVF exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The antibacterial activity increased along with the chitosan concentration and was not greatly affected by 15 washings in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacteria cells incubated together with the antibacterial or reference fibers. SEM micrographs demonstrated that greater amounts of bacteria could be adsorbed by the antibacterial fiber than by the reference fiber; these bacteria were overwhelmingly destroyed and killed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2049–2059, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10501     

Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization

The biomedical and therapeutic importance of chitosan and chitosan derivatives is the subject of interdisciplinary research. In this analysis, we intended to consolidate some of the recent discoveries regarding the potential of chitosan and its derivatives to be used for biomedical and other purposes. Why chitosan? Because chitosan is a natural biopolymer that can be obtained from one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature, which is chitin. Compared to other biopolymers, chitosan presents some advantages, such as accessibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and no toxicity, expressing significant antibacterial potential. In addition, through chemical processes, a high number of chitosan derivatives can be obtained with many possibilities for use. The presence of several types of functional groups in the structure of the polymer and the fact that it has cationic properties are determinant for the increased reactive properties of chitosan. We analyzed the intrinsic properties of chitosan in relation to its source: the molecular mass, the degree of deacetylation, and polymerization. We also studied the most important extrinsic factors responsible for different properties of chitosan, such as the type of bacteria on which chitosan is active. In addition, some chitosan derivatives obtained by functionalization and some complexes formed by chitosan with various metallic ions were studied. The present research can be extended in order to analyze many other factors than those mentioned. Further in this paper were discussed the most important factors that influence the antibacterial effect of chitosan and its derivatives. The aim was to demonstrate that the bactericidal effect of chitosan depends on a number of very complex factors, their knowledge being essential to explain the role of each of them for the bactericidal activity of this biopolymer.     

壳聚糖层析凝胶洗脱条件优化

以壳聚糖为原料,经交联还原,制备了一种新型层析凝胶。为更好地应用该层析凝胶,对其洗脱条件进行了优化。确定了最佳洗脱体系是三羟甲基氨基甲烷(以下简称为tris HCl)溶液,体系的pH=9 05。考察了层析凝胶的颗粒度、洗脱液流速、离子强度、pH等条件对分离效果的影响,得到壳聚糖生物层析凝胶洗脱条件为:120～140μm壳聚糖层析凝胶装柱,用c(NaCl)=0 05mol/L的tris HCl(pH=9 05)洗脱,控制2 0～3 0mL/min流速。中性蛋白酶经壳聚糖层析凝胶一次层析,可分离得到4个组分,总酶活收率达90%以上,而用SepharoseCL-6B的对比实验只获得一个组分,酶活收率只有43 11%。     

壳聚糖的抗菌机理及其化学改性研究

壳聚糖具有优良的生物特性和广谱、高效的抗菌活性,是开发研制天然抗菌剂的理想对象。概述了壳聚糖对于细菌和真菌的抗菌机理研究以及在增强溶解性和提高抑菌活性方面的化学改性研究。     

壳聚糖/烟用二乙酸纤维的抗菌性能研究

以白葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为试验菌种,研究了壳聚糖改性后烟用二乙酸纤维丝束纤维的抗菌效果。发现改性纤维抗菌活性随着壳聚糖浓度和脱乙酰度增加而提高;通过扫描电镜观察,发现改性纤维表面菌体被抑制;通过电镜照片分析和红外光谱分析表明壳聚糖和二乙酸纤维表面发生了物理吸附并可能伴有化学交联作用。     

壳聚糖在纤维制品中的应用

综述了壳聚糖在造纸和壳聚糖纤维方面的应用。在造纸方面,壳聚糖可用做纸张增强剂、施胶剂、助留助滤剂、表面改性剂和造纸废液的絮凝剂。壳聚糖纤维具有抗菌性和透气性等优良性能。