苜蓿黄酮的研究概况

黄酮类化合物是苜蓿中主要的生物活性物质之一,具有多种生物活性和生理功能。文章介绍了苜蓿黄酮的主要成分,提取、分离工艺及苜蓿黄酮的生理功能。     

苜蓿黄酮的研究概况

黄酮类化合物是苜蓿中主要的生物活性物质之一,具有多种生物活性和生理功能。文章介绍了苜蓿黄酮的主要成分,提取、分离工艺及苜蓿黄酮的生理功能。     

苜蓿黄酮的分离及其生物转化研究进展

苜蓿属植物资源丰富,并且含有大量的黄酮类物质。黄酮类物质具有多种生物活性及药理作用。本文对苜蓿黄酮的分离、结构鉴定以及黄酮苷的生物转化的最新进展等进行了总结,并对苜蓿黄酮的发展方向进行了探讨。     

石榴生物活性成分研究进展

主要综述了石榴的生物活性成分及其生物活性作用,重点阐述了石榴中石榴汁、石榴皮和石榴籽生物活性成分在糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病方面的辅助治疗及其保健作用研究。     

热处理对乳中重要生物活性成分影响的研究进展

介绍了乳体系中存在的生物活性成分及其生理功能,阐述了牛乳中乳铁蛋白、乳过氧化物酶体系、免疫球蛋白、生长因子、溶菌酶等5种重要生物活性成分随热处理强度发生的变化,分析了不同生物活性成分的热稳定性及分子结构的变化,为乳制品功能性领域的研究与开发提供理论参考。     

芦荟生物活性成分及功能研究新进展

芦荟含多种生物活性成分,具有多种生物功能。本文对芦荟中生物活性成分的免疫调节、抗癌、抗病毒功效及作用机理等研究的新生长点进行了论述,探讨了相关活性成分的化学结构及结构与功能之间的关系,提出了芦荟生物活性成分及功能研究的前沿问题。     

茶叶生物活性成分的功能与提取制备

为了充分利用低档茶叶中的生物活性成分,介绍了茶叶中所含茶多酚、茶多糖、茶蛋白、氨基酸、咖啡碱及维生素等具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤等生物活性成分,以及通过溶剂浸提和柱层析分离纯化等提取制备茶叶生物活性成分的方法,认为将这些活性成分应用于食品、化工及医药等行业,具有广阔的前景。     

大豆生物活性成分开发与若干思考

本文涉及的大豆中生物活性成分,系其含义无论是营养型或非营养型但都有某种生理功 能从而显示有预防某些疾病能力的物质。文章论述了大豆中生物活性成分的基本分类以 及它们的生理功能。概括了生物活性成分的开发技术及在开发这类成分时的若干思考。     

油茶籽中三个主要成分的提取及其活性研究进展

油茶籽中含有多种活性成分,具有抗氧化、抑菌等生物活性。介绍了油茶籽中的脂肪酸、茶皂素和茶多酚三个主要成分,详细综述了它们的提取方法和生物活性,阐述了各方法的优缺点、三个成分的生物活性、应用价值和领域;最后探讨了油茶籽资源今后的研究方向和应用前景。     

肉苁蓉生物活性成分及功效的研究进展

肉苁蓉作为中国传统医学的药材，被收载于《中国药典》之中，使用历史悠久，临床疗效明确，毒副作用较小，素有“沙漠人参”之称。肉苁蓉中含有多种生物活性成分，如松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、木脂素类、环烯醚萜类、甜菜碱等。现代药理学研究证实，肉苁蓉中的生物活性成分具有润肠通便、延缓衰老、保肝护肝、缓解体力疲劳等功效。文章从肉苁蓉属植物生物活性成分种类、数量以及肉苁蓉生物活性成分所具有的功效2个方面进行论述。以期为肉苁蓉后续的生物活性成分提取及产品研发提供一定的思路及依据。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Heavy metals in vegetables sold in the local market in Jordan

Heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in various vegetables (cabbage, green onion, lettuce, parsley, rocket, spinach, carrot, onion, potato and cauliflower) from the market in Jordan were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.009–0.275 mg kg^?1 wet weight, 0.004–0.060 mg kg^?1, 0.003–0.401 mg kg^?1, 0.105–3.51 mg kg^?1, 0.15–1.15 mg kg^?1, 0.93–14.39 mg kg^?1, 0.044–0.702 mg kg^?1, 0.072–0.289 mg kg^?1 and 2.23–6.65 mg kg^?1, respectively. Parsley, followed by spinach, contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. Onion contained high levels of toxic heavy metals. The content of Cu in parsley and spinach and Pb in onion exceeded the Codex limits. However, the daily intake of heavy metals from the tested vegetables was lower than the maximum limits for allowable intake.