高强人工砂粉煤灰砼的研究和应用

根据桥梁工程建设需要 ,通过正交试验研究了高强人工砂粉煤灰混凝土的配合比设计。通过试验配制出强度为C5 0～C60和易性良好的高强人工砂粉煤灰混凝土 ,并用于焦作市桥梁建设。与天然砂混凝土作了对比 ,并分析了高强人工砂粉煤灰混凝土的技术经济性能     

高强轻集料混凝土力学性能试验研究

本文采用页岩陶粒，掺入粉煤灰和高效减水剂配制高强轻集科混凝土，试验研究水胶比、砂率和粉煤灰取代率对轻集科混凝土力学性能和表观密度的影响，并得出了一个合理的轻集料混凝土配合比。结果表明：轻集料混凝土强度与水胶比成反比；而对于砂率和粉煤灰取代率，存在一个最优的砂率和粉煤灰取代率。     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土氯离子渗透试验分析

砂率分别为40%、45%、50%;粉煤灰分别取代水泥0、30%、40%、50%、60%,组成15组C30混凝土配合比。然后进行氯离子渗透试验,比较C30混凝土在不同的砂率和粉煤灰掺量时的氯离子渗透性。试验表明,在砂率45%、粉煤灰掺量40%时,C30混凝土的氯离子渗透系数最小,抗渗透性最好。     

细骨料采用天然砂的心墙沥青混凝土力学性能

在进行沥青混凝土心墙配合比设计时,为保证骨料与沥青的粘附性及心墙的可靠性,大多采用人工破碎料作为沥青混凝土配合比设计时的骨料,在工程应用中若能使用天然砂作为细骨料,可大大降低工程造价。试验采用相同的碱性粗骨料,对比用人工砂与天然砂的沥青混凝土的力学性能。结果表明,在使用天然砂的心墙沥青混凝土各项性能同样满足设计规范的要求。心墙沥青混凝土直接采用天然砂作为沥青混凝土心墙用细骨料,将节约工程造价,同样也对以后的沥青混凝土心墙配合比设计提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

粉煤灰对人工砂高性能混凝土性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰对人工砂高性能混凝土和易性和抗压强度的影响。试验表明:掺加一定量优质粉煤灰,能显著改善人工砂高性能混凝土拌合物的和易性、降低泌水;水泥用量相同时,大掺灰量人工砂混凝土28d强度较高;胶凝材料用量相同,大掺灰量混凝土用水量少、水胶比低,其强度与水泥用量大、掺灰少的混凝土基本相同。     

用废砼作粗骨料配制再生混凝土的试验研究

采用正交试验方法分析了水胶比、砂率、粉煤灰掺量及减水剂掺量对混凝土再生性的影响,并根据综合平衡法得出所用原材料体系中各因素的最佳取值范围。在此基础上,采用42.5R普通硅酸盐水泥与人工破碎所得的砼再生骨料成功配制出强度达50MPa的混凝土,给出了不同水胶比下的再生混凝土推荐配合比。     

粉煤灰在预制桥梁高性能砼中的应用研究

对粉煤灰在预制桥梁高性能混凝土中的应用进行了试验研究 ,探讨了粉煤灰掺量、砂率、水胶比、减水剂的掺加方法 ,以及膨胀剂、消泡剂等因素对混凝土的工作性、强度、抗渗性和抗冻性的影响 ,得出了 C60预制桥梁粉煤灰混凝土的最佳配合比 ,分析了粉煤灰的作用机理 ,综合评价了粉煤灰在预制桥梁高性能混凝土中的利用价值     

人工砂再生集料混凝土抗压强度的试验研究

面对日益枯竭的自然资源问题,将人工砂和再生粗集料混凝土结合,不仅有利于解决砂石资源匮乏问题,同时有效地处理废弃混凝土,符合绿色环保发展。试验研究了C25、C30、C35、C40四种配合比人工砂和天然砂再生集料混凝土抗压强度,结果表明:相比于天然砂再生集料混凝土,人工砂再生集料混凝土具有更好的抗压强度,同时其强度稳定性更高。     

粉煤灰混凝土配合比计算原理

本文把粉煤灰作为混凝土第五组分，建立了粉煤灰混凝土配合比独立的计算方法，而不依赖于基准混凝土。文中推导了粉煤灰混凝土配合比中单位水泥用量理论计算公式。确定了单位水泥用量、净水灰比、灰胶比和砂率为粉煤灰混凝土基本参数。文中还首次提出综合水灰比的概念。阐述了粉煤灰在混凝土中的特殊地位。表明粉煤灰在混凝土中的作用主要是提高混凝土的和易性，而决不是过去所认为的减水作用。该方法与普通混凝土配合比计算方法协调一致、便于掌握、使用方便该方法已由实验资料和算例验证。     

掺粉煤灰泵送混凝土的制备和工作性能研究

通过试验制备坍落度大于200mm,扩展度大于450mm的掺粉煤灰泵送混凝土,测定各组泵送混凝土的工作性能,分析减水剂类别与掺量,水胶比,砂率,粉煤灰掺量等配合比参数对混凝土工作性能的影响。试验结果表明,利用改性萘系减水剂,通过调整减水剂的掺量,掺30％粉煤灰的泵送混凝土不离析,不泌水,坍落度达到220mm,扩展度达到540mm,具有很好的工作性能。     

机制砂粉煤灰混凝土中钢筋锚固性能试验研究

通过拉拔试验研究了机制砂粉煤灰混凝土中热轧带肋钢筋和高强预应力钢绞线的粘结锚固性能,结果表明:水胶比、粉煤灰替代水泥率和超量系数等因素对钢筋和钢绞线在机制砂粉煤灰混凝土中的粘结锚固强度的影响规律,与机制砂粉煤灰混凝土轴心抗拉强度的影响规律是一致的,其粘结锚固强度取决于机制砂粉煤灰混凝土轴心抗拉强度的高低。通过分析粘结锚固强度与轴心抗拉强度之间的关系,提出了机制砂粉煤灰混凝土中热轧带肋钢筋和高强预应力钢绞线的锚固长度计算建议。     

Medium strength self-compacting concrete containing fly ash: Modelling using factorial experimental plans

Fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) flows into place and around obstructions under its own weight to fill the formwork completely and self-compact, without any segregation and blocking. The elimination of the need for compaction leads to better quality concrete and substantial improvement of working conditions. SCC mixes generally have a much higher content of fine fillers, including cement, and produce excessively high compressive strength concrete, which narrows its field of application to special concrete only. To obtain maximum benefit from SCC, it has to be adopted in general concrete construction practice. Such practice requires inexpensive and medium strength concrete.This investigation aims to develop medium strength SCC (MS-SCC). The cost of materials will be decreased by reducing the cement content and by using pulverised fuel ash (PFA) with a minimum amount of superplasticizer (SP). A factorial design was carried out to mathematically model the influence of five key parameters on filling and passing abilities, segregation and compressive strength, which are important for the successful development of medium strength self-compacting concrete incorporating PFA. The parameters considered in the study were the contents of cement and PFA, water-to-powder (cement+PFA) ratio (W/P) and dosage of SP. The responses of the derived statistical models are slump flow, fluidity loss, Orimet time, V-funnel time, L-box, JRing combined to the Orimet, JRing combined to cone, rheological parameters, segregation and compressive strength at 7, 28 and 90 days. Twenty-one mixes were prepared to derive the statistical models, and five were used for the verification and the accuracy of the developed models. The models are valid for mixes made with 0.38 to 0.72 W/P, 60 to 216 kg/m³ of cement content, 183 to 317 kg/m³ of PFA and 0% to 1% of SP, by mass of powder. The influences of W/P, cement and PFA contents, and the dosage of SP were characterised and analysed using polynomial regression, which can identify the primary factors and their interactions on the measured properties. The results show tha MS-SCC can be achieved with a 28-day compressive strength of 30 to 35 MPa by using up to 210 kg/m³ of PFA.     

干燥和浸水环境下基于无损检测方法的镁水泥砼最佳配合比研究

针对西部盐湖地区耐腐蚀混凝土的需求和结合当地实际情况,设计了在干燥环境下与浸水环境下,通过对相对动弹性模量、相对质量、综合评价参数及扫描电子显微镜试验的研究来判断镁水泥混凝土的性能.通过研究发现:采用无损检测试验方法进行为期一年的试验后发现,镁水泥混凝土的6种配合比中性能最好的配合比是配合比2,而它所用材料的比例为:水∶MgO∶MgCl2∶石子∶砂子∶磷肥∶减水剂=1∶2.87∶1.09∶8.57∶4.61∶0.07∶0.12.     

High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate

High-strength concrete (HSC) has undergone many developments based on the studies of influence of cement type, type and proportions of mineral admixtures, type of superplasticizer and the mineralogical composition of coarse aggregates. Most studies were carried out using natural sand with rounded and smooth grains. In practice, crushed sands from various sources are frequently used in concrete. In this paper, two aspects of the effect of crushed sands on HSCs are presented. First, the performance of crushed sands in relation to natural sand using a low water/cement (w/c) ratio and fixed coarse aggregate and cement content is analyzed. Results show that concrete with crushed sand requires an increase of superplasticizer to obtain the same slump. It also presents a higher strength than the corresponding natural sand concrete at all test ages, while its elastic modulus is lower at 28 days and is the same after that. Studies on the development of hydration and mortar phase of concrete show that the increase of strength can be attributed to the improvement of paste-fine aggregate transition zone. Second, the influence of the mineralogical source of the crushed sands was studied using three different types of crushed sands (granite, limestone and dolomite) with similar grading. Two mixtures containing 450 and 485 kg/m³ cement and low w/c ratio are analyzed. Results show the adverse effects of shape and texture on workability of concrete, but the compressive strength of concrete is improved. Granite crushed sand appears as the most advantageous sand for this purpose.     

水泥锶渣混凝土路用性能评价

为了分析水泥锶渣混凝土用于低交通量道路路面的可行性,采用正交方法分析了水泥用量、用水量(坍落度)、砂率、碎石级配等因素对水泥锶渣混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响规律,优选出合理的材料配合比;试验对不同水泥用量的水泥锶渣混凝土的力学性能、干缩性能、温缩性能和抗冻性能进行了系统评价.结果表明:水泥锶渣混凝土强度低于普通C30混凝土,但“折压比”高,弹性模量小,具有较好的抗裂性能;于缩系数比普通混凝土低20％,温缩系数为普通混凝土的53％,具有优良的抗收缩性能;抗冻性能低于普通混凝土;水泥锶渣混凝土可用于非冰冻地区低交通量道路路面.     

高钙粉煤灰在小石峡水电站中的应用研究

研究了高钙粉煤灰不同掺量情况下混凝土的体积安定性及高钙粉煤灰的最大掺量情况下,在不同水胶比、不同掺量情况下混凝土的力学性能及耐久性性能。研究发现：掺高钙粉煤灰混凝土的安定性可通过测定其胶凝材料的安定性来评定,掺加25%左右的高钙灰,所配制的混凝土的强度性能和体积稳定性都较好,随着水胶比的降低,掺高钙粉煤灰混凝土同龄期的抗压强度逐渐增大：掺高钙粉煤灰灰混凝土具有良好的抗渗性能及良好的抗冻性能。     

Chloride ingress and strength loss in concrete with different PC-PFA-MK binder compositions exposed to synthetic seawater

The paper reports the influence of the composition of Portland cement (PC)-pulverised fuel ash (PFA)-metakaolin (MK) binders on chloride ingress and strength retardation of PC-PFA-MK concrete exposed to synthetic seawater. PC-PFA-MK concrete covering four different total cement replacement levels (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) and with various MK:PFA proportions was exposed to synthetic seawater for up to 1.5 years. The chloride concentration-penetration depth profiles and change in compressive strength of the concrete for a range of binder compositions and at various exposure times are compared with those of the control PC concrete. It is established that blending the binders in PC concrete and PC-PFA concrete with MK produces concrete with a reduced strength deterioration factor (SDF) and good resistance to chloride penetration when exposed to seawater. The results presented in this paper form part of an investigation into the performance of concrete incorporating both PFA and MK in the binder to produce high performance concrete.     

海边暴露环境下混凝土抗氯离子渗透性试验研究

对不同配合比的混凝土试件,在海边大气区、潮汐区、水下区进行暴露试验,同时测定氯离子含量随深度变化曲线。试验结果表明,实际海边暴露环境下混凝土的损伤程度大小为潮汐区〉水下区〉大气区,试件内氯离子含量随着暴露龄期的增加而增加,随时间水胶比的增加而减小。对于水胶比相同的混凝土试件,掺入粉煤灰等矿物掺合料可以有效提高混凝土抵抗氯离子侵入的性能。     

泵送混凝土坍落度损失原因及对策

对于泵送混凝土而言,其坍落度经时损失是非常重要的技术指标。文章详细分析了影响混凝土坍落度经时损失的主要原因——混凝土配合比、组成材料、生产条件和环境因素及其影响关系;在此基础上提出了控制混凝土坍落度经时损失的对应举措。实践证明,选择水灰比为0.45～0.6,砂率为38%～43%,C3A和碱的质量分数分别小于7%和1%的硅酸盐和普通硅酸盐水泥,以及选择细度模数为2.7～2.9的中砂和缓凝型减水剂,就可很好控制混凝土的坍落度经时损失。     

Strength, permeability, and carbonation of high-performance concrete

This investigation is aimed at developing high-performance concrete and form part of an investigation into the optimization of a blended cementitious system for the development of high-performance concrete. Binary and ternary blended cementitious systems based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC), pulverised fuel ash (PFA) and silica fume (SF) were investigated. PFA up to 40% was used, and to these blends, 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% SF were incorporated as partial cement replacements. Results of compressive strength, tensile strength, oxygen permeability and carbonation of concrete are reported. A water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.27 was used for the main group of mixes and w/b ratios of 0.40 and 0.50 were used for some selected mixes. Based on the experimentally obtained results, prediction models were developed which enabled the establishment of isoresponse contours showing the interaction between the various parameters investigated. It was found that the incorporation of 8-12% SF as cement replacement yielded the optimum strength and permeability values.