阻抗和厚度梯度变化准周期结构水下声学特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

周期结构在减振降噪、滤波等方面具有很大的应用潜力。功能梯度材料是近年出现的具有优良性能的新型复合材料。为了满足水下低频宽带应用的要求,将周期结构和功能梯度材料相结合,提出了厚度和阻抗梯度变化的准周期结构。利用传递矩阵法,对厚度和阻抗梯度变化的准周期结构进行了反射系数的仿真,与周期结构带隙特性进行了比较,分析了厚度与阻抗对准周期结构带隙的影响,最后根据仿真结果制备了试验样品,进行了水下验证试验。研究结果表明,厚度和阻抗梯度变化的准周期结构,第一带隙具有更低的起始频率与更高的截止频率,阻抗梯度变化对准周期结构带隙特性的影响大于厚度梯度变化。研究结果可为利用准周期结构实现水下低频宽带的减振降噪提供参考。     

泡沫铝衰减冲击波压力的理论分析

由于泡沫铝具有良好的缓冲与吸收撞击或爆炸能量性能,常被粘贴在主结构可能遭受撞击面或迎爆面,用于降低撞击或爆炸冲击波对主结构的破坏作用。目前关于泡沫铝缓冲层衰减主结构上冲击波压力的理论计算没有得到很好的解决。为考查泡沫铝相对密度、孔洞形式及厚度对其衰减主结构上冲击波压力的影响,运用一维冲击波理论,考虑冲击波在压缩泡沫铝材料过程中的能量损耗,提出一种简化计算泡沫铝缓冲层衰减结构物上冲击波压力的方法。运用该方法分析了结构物上包覆一层泡沫铝缓冲层对飞片撞击结构所产生冲击波压力的衰减情况。并通过实例给出计算泡沫铝缓冲层衰减飞片冲击结构上冲击波压力的计算步骤及其影响因素。     

复合材料面板对筒型基座整体抑振机制影响规律研究

提出一种新型复合材料筒型基座结构形式，其面板采用夹芯结构设计；通过系统阻抗特性分析理论预测面板结构及材料参数对基座减振性能的影响规律；针对夹芯面板开展静/动力学特性试验；以振级落差为减振效果评价指标，通过激振试验研究了面板结构参数对基座抑振机制的影响规律。研究结果表明：在频段 ，夹芯面板刚度能有效控制基座减振性能，随着频率的增加，面板刚度抑振机制减弱，阻尼高频损耗抑振机制增强；夹芯面板芯材厚度的增加对基座高频抑振性能优于表层厚度增加；面板对基座减振耗能贡献高于环壁间阻尼芯材。     

波阻抗梯度飞片材料及其在动高压物理中的应用

波阻抗梯度飞片材料是一类新型的功能梯度材料（FGM）,它是FGM在动高压物理领域内的功能延伸.利用波阻抗梯度飞片材料可以实现对靶材料或二级飞片的准等熵压缩和超高速发射,进而能够在实验室条件下获得相当于核爆水平的极端超高压状态,从而为核武器的设计和武器物理研究提供了现实、可行的研究手段.     

四边固支功能梯度板中波的传播

摘要：考虑剪切变形和转动惯性的影响,采用一阶剪切变形板理论和小应变的应变－位移关系,利用Hamilton原理推得运动控制方程,并应用特征值方程得到频散方程。给出了波在功能梯度板中传播的频散,相速度和群速度随波数变化的曲线,分析了不同的功能梯度材料指数对波传播的影响规律。     

四边固支功能梯度矩形板的主共振分析

针对四边固支约束的陶瓷-金属材料功能梯度矩形板,在给出非均匀材料的应力应变关系及非线性几何方程基础上,应用虚功原理导出了横向简谐激励力作用下功能梯度板的非线性振动偏微分方程。通过位移函数的设定,利用伽辽金积分法推得了相应的达芬型非线性振动方程。应用多尺度法对非线性系统的主共振问题进行解析求解,得到了稳态运动下的幅频响应方程。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,得到了共振下解的稳定性判别条件。作为算例,给出了不同参数下功能梯度矩形板共振的幅频曲线图和动相平面相轨迹图,讨论了不同参数对系统非线性振动特性的影响     

用于产生准等熵压缩波的叠层飞片材料的制备

本文以一种用于产生准等熵压缩波的叠层飞片材料的制备为研究目标,采用焊接结合粘接的方法,制备出了密度沿厚度方向呈二次曲线分布且整体敌密、平面度好、平行精度高的９３Ｗ／ＯＦＣ／ＴＣ４／Ａｌ／ＭＢ２体系叠层飞片材料,交通过击靶实验成功实现了叠层飞片材料对９３Ｗ靶材料的准等熵加载,获得了波阵面明显被展宽的准等熵压缩波。     

随从力作用下功能梯度矩形板的非线性振动

本文研究了切向均布随从力作用下简支FGM矩形板的非线性振动问题。按照材料组份体积分数的简单幂率分布规律,FGM板的材料常数仅沿厚度连续变化。由大挠度的von Karman理论建立了以应力函数和挠度函数表示的运动偏微分方程组,再由Galerkin法转化成非线性常微分方程。对随从力作用下的四边简支陶瓷/金属矩形板,讨论了随从力、梯度指标和边长比对板的动力特性的影响,得到了各种条件下板中心振幅与非线性基频的关系。     

基于压电阻抗技术监测混凝土强度发展的实验研究

本文基于压电阻抗（EMI）监测技术,对混凝土立方体标准试块的强度发展进行了监测。制作3种不同配合比的标准试块,将压电片粘贴于标准试块表面和埋置于体内,用精密阻抗分析仪HP4294A提取压电片在不同养护龄期时的电导纳信号,并测试相应标准试块的抗压强度。试验结果表明,随着混凝土养护龄期的增长,表面粘贴和体内埋置两种压电片的电导频谱均发生了变化,但是变化形式不同。对表面压电片,得到了其共振频率的变化量与标准试块抗压强度之间的定量对应关系;对内置压电片,通过引入指标δ建立了电导频谱与标准试块抗压强度的定量关系。本文工作表明采用EMI技术监测早龄期混凝土在硬化过程中强度发展是一种可行且可靠的无损检测方法。     

功能梯度材料梁在后屈曲构型附近的自由振动

基于轴线可伸长杆的几何非线性理论,建立了由陶瓷和金属两种材料组成的功能梯度(FGM)梁在轴向载荷作用下后屈曲横向自由振动的精确模型,采用打靶法数值求解了一端可移简支一端固定的功能梯度梁在后屈曲附近的小振幅自由振动,获得了线性振动的响应,给出了不同梯度指标下FGM梁前三阶固有频率与载荷之间的特征关系曲线.数值结果表明,屈曲前各阶频率随轴向力的增加而降低,而屈曲后轴向力对各阶频率影响不同     

Elastic response of functionally graded circular plates under a drop-weight

The three-dimensional impact behaviours of functionally graded (FG) circular plates were studied under a drop-weight. The functionally graded circular plate was composed of ceramic (SiC) and metal (Al) phases and the through-thickness mechanical properties through the region between the metal and ceramic layers vary continuously according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of the ceramic. The through-thickness material properties of the FG circular plate were determined using the Mori–Tanaka scheme. The effects of layer number and compositional gradient exponent as well as impactor velocity and plate radius on the elastic impact response of the FG circular plates were investigated. The compositional gradient exponent, impactor velocity and plate radius played an important role on the impact response of the FG circular plates, whereas the layer number through the plate thickness had a minor effect. In addition, the failure strains in all layers were determined using Tamura–Tomota–Ozowa (TTO) model in order to predict the damage regions in each layer through the thickness of FG circular plates.     

Performance of functionally graded sandwich composite beams under shock wave loading

The dynamic behavior of sandwich composites made of E-Glass Vinyl-Ester (EVE) facesheets and graded Corecell™ A-series foam was studied using a shock tube apparatus. The foam core was monotonically graded based on increasing acoustic wave impedance, with the foam core layer of lowest wave impedance facing the blast. The specimen dimensions were held constant for all core configurations, while the number of core layers varied, resulting in specimens with one layer, two layer, three layer, and four layers of foam core gradation. Prior to shock tube testing, the quasi-static and dynamic constitutive behavior (compressive) of each type of foam was evaluated. During the shock tube testing, high-speed photography coupled with the optical technique of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) was utilized to capture the real-time deformation process as well as mechanisms of failure. Post-mortem analysis was also carried out to evaluate the overall blast performance of these configurations. The results indicated that increasing the number of monotonically graded foam core layers, thus reducing the acoustic wave impedance mismatch between successive layers, helped maintain structural integrity and increased the blast performance of the sandwich composite.     

Three-dimensional thermomechanical buckling analysis for functionally graded composite plates

Three-dimensional thermomechanical buckling analysis is investigated for functionally graded composite structures that composed of ceramic, functionally graded material (FGM), and metal layers. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent, and in FGM layer, they are varied continuously in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the ceramic and metal volume fractions. The finite element model is adopted by using an 18-node solid element to analyze more accurately the variation of material properties and temperature field in the thickness direction. Temperature at each node is obtained by solving the thermomechanical equations. For a time discretization, Crank–Nicolson method is used. In numerical results, the thermal buckling behavior of FGM composite structures due to FGM thickness ratios, volume fraction distributions, and system geometric parameters are analyzed.     

错位微缝板吸声性能研究

目前,微穿孔板和微缝板吸声理论成熟、应用广泛。一般,薄板确保了其具备良好的吸声性能,却限制了其工程应用范围。错位微缝板融合了微穿孔板和微缝板,由双层板错位交叠而成,每层板由一系列微缝组成,上下两层微缝交错处形成微孔。交错后的微缝只在交汇的微孔处是通透的,交错形成的微孔仅是一个微孔截面,几何厚度为零。对错位微缝板进行黏热声学仿真,得到结构的相对声阻抗和吸声系数与实验数据一致性较好。仿真分析表明,结构的微孔截面处声压梯度和空气粒子振动速度最大,其黏热声能耗散主要集中在微孔截面的边界处,错位微缝板的厚度对吸声性能的影响远小于微穿孔板和微缝板,可以在厚板上实现较好的吸声性能。     

Oscillatory interlayer magnetic coupling and induced magnetism in Fe/Nb multilayers

We present an ab initio calculation of interlayer magnetic coupling for Fe/Nb multilayers using the self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. For this calculation, we have constructed supercells consisting of bcc Fe and Nb multilayers in Fe/Nb/Fe sandwich geometry stacked along (001) direction. In the supercells two Fe layers are separated by Nb layers ranging from 1 to 11 layers. We have calculated the total energy of the system as a function of Nb spacer layer thickness. For each spacer layer thickness, we have done three calculations corresponding to para, ferro and antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe atoms. The interlayer magnetic coupling is obtained from the energy difference of the systems in which Fe layers are antiferromagnetically and ferromagnetically ordered. We find that the interlayer magnetic coupling oscillates with increasing Nb spacer thickness in agreement with the experimental results. The induced magnetic moment is also found to be oscillating with increasing Nb spacer layer thickness.     

Modeling ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels by fuzzy logic

In this article, a model based on fuzzy logic (FL) for predicting ductile to brittle transition temperature of functionally graded steels in both crack divider and crack arrester configurations has been presented. Functionally graded steels containing graded ferritic and austenitic regions together with bainite and martensite intermediate layers were produced by electroslag remelting. For purpose of building the model, training and testing using experimental results from 140 specimens produced from two basic composites were conducted. The used data as inputs in FL models are arranged in a format of six input parameters that cover the FGS type, the crack tip configuration, the thickness of graded ferritic region, the thickness of graded austenitic region, the distance of the notch from bainite or martensite intermediate layer, and temperature. According to these input parameters, in the FL, the ductile to brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimen was predicted. It has been found that FL model will be valid within the ranges of variables. The training and testing results in the FL model have shown a strong potential for predicting the ductile to brittle transition temperature of each FGS specimen.     

Form and structure factors for impedance and reflection from periodic layers

In an exact treatment of the Maxwell equations, we derive form and structure factors for reflection from periodic layers, and we show that these factors are significantly different from their analogs in kinematic x-ray diffraction. Quite generally, we show that reflection and impedance can be written precisely as the sum of an additive form factor and the product of a structure factor and a second form factor. This additive form factor does not have an analog in kinematic x-ray diffraction. It is demonstrated that the form factors are found by analytic continuation to an arbitrary wavelength of expressions for the impedance both at long wavelengths and at quarter wavelengths. A correction to the Bragg law relating fringe spacing to the total structure thickness is derived. We go beyond previous numerical work by deriving simple analytic exact expressions for reflection and impedance of periodic layers for all frequencies within the reflection passband, and for an arbitrary number of periods in the structure, an arbitrary index profile within each period, arbitrary layer thicknesses (not just quarter-wave layers), and for arbitrary sizes of the refractive index differences.     

Design of flexible coaxial cores for ac superconducting cables

The phase (inner) and neutral (outer) tubular conductors are each formed from two layers of niobium-clad copper strips laid in helices of opposite sense. The dielectric is lapped high density polyethylene tape impregnated with helium. The lay angles of the conductor strips are chosen to meet the requirements of thermal contraction and magnetic pressure from large fault currents.The main advantage of using twin, instead of single conductor layers is that there is no axial magnetic flux within the core and hence the associated problems are avoided. A further advantage is that when the thickness of the two copper layers is optimized there is a useful reduction in power dissipation when the superconductor is normal. This improves both the cable's ability to carry fault currents and the stability of the conductor against reversion to the normal state when carrying the rated current. Since the optimum thickness of each layer (～0.5 mm) is about half that in a single layer cable, the double layer would not be significantly more expensive.     

Electrical responses of chalcogenide films in the photodoping process

The photodoping process in Al/AsS₂/Ag tri-layer films has been studied through measurements of electrical impedance, photodoped-layer thickness, and photocurrent. Frequency dependence of the impedance suggests that the sample under photodoping can be approximated by an equivalent electrical circuit. A thickness of photodoped layers, which is estimated from the impedance, is in agreement with a geometrical thickness measured by an atomic force microscope for chemically etched samples. Under the photodoping (with zero bias voltages), a photocurrent remains constant at ~ 5 pA, and near the completion it increases to ~ 1 nA, which is followed with a gradual decrease. By applying a bias voltage between the top (semi-transparent Al) and bottom (Ag) electrodes, we can change a photodoping rate by an order. This rate change is attributable to the modulation of an effective electric field in the doped layer, which induces the motion of Ag ions.