有机/无机酸复合掺杂导电聚苯胺的合成及性能研究

采用化学氧化聚合法以苯胺为单体,过硫酸胺为氧化剂,在有机/无机混合酸的水溶液中合成导电聚苯胺.考察了有机/无机混合酸对聚苯胺性能的影响,并通过四探针、差热分析、红外光谱及拉曼光谱研究聚苯胺掺杂前后结构的变化.结果表明,当聚合温度为20℃、磺基水杨酸和硫酸的摩尔浓度比为0.25:1时,掺杂态聚苯胺电导率和溶解度达到最大值;其中电导率可达13.5 S·cm~(-1),在氮甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中溶解度可达85%.差热分析表明,有机/无机酸复合掺杂聚苯胺热稳定性较单一酸掺杂聚苯胺热稳定性有很大的提高;红外光谱和拉曼光谱表明;掺杂后聚苯胺具有导电性是因为其分子链上电荷离域形成了共轭结构.     

樟脑磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成及性能研究

采用溶液聚合法,用樟脑磺酸(CSA)在间甲酚(m-c)与三氯甲烷(ch)的混合溶剂中对聚苯胺进行掺杂,掺杂能够使聚苯胺在保持较好溶解性的同时,提高其电导率。当PANI/CSA(mol/mol)=1/50时,制备出了电导率高达400 S.cm-1的PANI-CSA自支撑膜。采用四探针法测量了掺杂态聚苯胺的电导率,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和热失重(TG)等方法表征了樟脑磺酸和盐酸掺杂的聚苯胺的结构和形态。     

导电高分子研究概述

主要介绍了聚乙炔、聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩这几类导电高分子在近年来的研究进展 ,集中体现在进一步提高导电高分子的电导率 ,改善其溶解性及可加工性 ,制备缺陷少、结构规整、性能好的高品质导电高分子。同时还展望了导电高分子有待发展的方向     

聚苯胺/nano-ATO导电复合材料的原位聚合与表征

用原位聚合法,以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)/HC l混酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸胺(APS)为氧化剂,制备了聚苯胺/掺锑二氧化锡(ATO)导电复合材料。探讨了ATO用量对导电复合材料电导率的影响。在n(苯胺)∶n(APS)∶n(DBSA)=1∶1∶0.7,m(ATO)∶m(苯胺)=0.1∶1时,复合材料室温25℃的电导率最高可达8.35 S/cm,比通常方法合成的聚苯胺和nano-ATO的电导率分别提高约1至2个数量级。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和TEM对目标物进行了表征,结果表明,苯胺优先在ATO纳米粒子表面聚合,形成聚苯胺包覆ATO的导电复合材料。     

导电聚苯胺复合膜的研制

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为基质，过硫酸铵为氧化剂，十二烷基苯磺酸为掺杂剂，进行苯胺的原位氧化聚合，制备聚苯胺(PAn)／PMMA复合材料，采用溶液浇铸法制成了性能优良的可溶性导电复合膜，电导率达10^-2S／cm；考察了反应条件对复合膜电导率的影响，并进行了环境稳定性测试，用红外光谱进行了复合膜的结构表征，用元素分析法测定了复合膜的组成，结果表明复合的聚苯胺存在—饱和值，超过饱和值，对电导率影响不大。     

导电PA6/PAn复合纤维的合成及其电性能的研究

本文利用氯化铜（CuCl_2）对聚酞胺6（PA6）纤维浸渍掺杂,再将其作为母体置于苯胺（An）和盐酸的气相中进行An在PA6纤维表面的气相聚合制得PA6/PAn复合导电纤维,其电导率达10~（-1）（Ω·cm）~（-1）;用光学显微镜和红外光谱（IR）分别确认了该复合纤维的皮层结构和生成的聚苯胺的组成;该复合纤维的电导率随温度的升高而增大,导电机理主要是电子导电的贡献。     

电化学合成聚苯胺-天然石墨复合材料工艺研究

通过单因素实验确定电化学合成聚苯胺-天然石墨复合材料工艺范围和操作条件,苯胺浓度为2.5 mol/L,硫酸浓度为3.0~5.0 mol/L,石墨质量浓度为0.5~1.0 g/L,聚合电流密度为0.16~0.18 A/dm2,t为3~5 min。并对复合膜层与本征态聚苯胺进行电导率测试,扫描电子显微镜观察和光谱仪红外表征。结果表明:聚苯胺-石墨复合材料的导电率有所提高,石墨掺杂到聚苯胺膜层中,改善了复合材料的性能。     

聚苯胺和N-取代聚苯胺的制备与性能概述

电致变色材料聚苯胺和N-取代聚苯胺通常有两种制备方法:化学聚合法和电化学聚合法,聚合物的结构和性质与其制备过程和制备方法密切相关,本论文列举了不同聚合方法的优缺点以及影响聚合成膜的条件。通过对聚苯胺和N-取代聚苯胺这两类聚合物的电致变色特性、电导率和溶解度的比较,分析了它们不同特性的产生原因以及改善这些性质所存在的问题,为有机电致变色材料的研究提供理论参考。     

聚苯胺导电涂料的制备及性能研究

本研究采用氧化聚合方法制备了具有高电导率的导电聚苯胺。并以这种聚苯胺为导电填料,以丙稀酸为成膜物,制备了一种电导率为10-8～10-5s/m的导电涂料。并研究了聚苯胺含量对导电涂料电导率及涂膜性能的影响。     

导电聚苯胺的研究进展及前景

总结了导电高分子材料聚苯胺目前研究的现状。导电高分子材料具有高电导率、半导体特性、电容性、电化学活性,同时还具有一系列光学性能等,具有与一般聚合物不同的特性。对聚苯胺的结构特性、聚苯胺的合成方法与掺杂机理、聚苯胺的导电机理、聚苯胺的用途及发展趋势做扼要的评述。     

溶胀处理煤对煤结构与煤基聚苯胺导电性影响

首次选用苯胺为溶剂对神府煤(SFC)进行溶胀处理,以研究其对煤结构与煤基聚苯胺导电性的影响,对其结构进行TG/DSC、FTIR和SEM分析,并通过溶胀SFC处理煤为聚合基体,在苯胺和引发剂条件下聚合为煤基聚苯胺,测定了其导电率。结果表明:苯胺溶胀处理破坏了煤中非共价键,降低了煤的交联缔合度,疏松了煤的孔结构,在此条件下的煤基聚苯胺的导电率均小于溶胀处理前原煤为聚合基体的煤基聚苯胺导电率,这与煤大分子网络结构受到一定程度破坏有关,这可为煤基聚苯胺的扩大化生产提供重要参考。     

Effect of annealing on electrical conductivity and morphology of polyaniline films

We report structure–property relationships of polyaniline emeraldine base (EB) films that were produced by combining different processing steps in various sequences. The effect of annealing and doping processes on the surface structure of the films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the corresponding changes to the chemical structure of the EB films were monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. AFM results indicate that after doping polyaniline (EB) films with HCl, the root mean square (rms) roughness of the surface of EB film increased ～ 46%. When the doped films were annealed at 180°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 3 h, the rms roughness was essentially unchanged from that of the initial, undoped films. The electrical conductivity of the films also showed a significant dependence on the processing sequence. When the doped polyaniline (EB) films were annealed, no electrical conductivity was observed. When these films were redoped, only ～ 6% of the initial conductivity could be recovered. In another processing sequence in which the polyaniline (EB) films were first annealed and then doped, the electrical conductivity was only ～ 12% relative to the film that was doped immediately after being cast. From this work, a strategy to reduce the surface roughness of films made from electrically conducting polyaniline (EB) is proposed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3602–3610, 2001     

H_2O_2-Cu~(2+)化学氧化法合成聚苯胺纳米纤维

以硫酸铜(CuSO4)为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,通过"无模板"化学氧化聚合制备出聚苯胺纳米纤维。研究了温度、H2O2的浓度、催化剂的浓度对聚苯胺的产率、电导率、反应速度的影响,确定出最佳聚合反应条件为:苯胺0.1 mol/L,盐酸1 mol/L,H2O2 0.15 mol/L,CuSO40.05 mol/L,反应时间为24小时。在此条件下合成聚苯胺的产率为58.2%,电导率为1.98 S/cm。红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱确定了合成聚苯胺的结构,扫描电镜图中发现制备导电聚苯胺呈纤维状,直径大约为60~80 nm,长度大约为400 nm。     

Didecyl ester of 4‐sulfophthalic acid as a plast dopant and emulsifier in the chemical polymerization of aniline into polyaniline salt

Polyaniline salt was synthesized through the chemical oxidation of aniline with sodium persulfate as the oxidant and didecyl ester of 4‐sulfophthalic acid via three different polymerization pathways (aqueous, emulsion, and interfacial). In these polymerization processes, the ester acted as a novel plast dopant and as an emulsifier. The yield, conductivity, and number of ester units present in the polyaniline salts were determined. A polyaniline salt prepared by emulsion polymerization was soluble in chloroform and showed excellent solution‐processing properties. Polyaniline samples prepared by aqueous or interfacial polymerization were not soluble in chloroform. A soluble polyaniline salt was successfully synthesized through the washing of an organic layer containing the polyaniline salt with water in emulsion polymerization. X‐ray diffraction spectra of polyaniline salts prepared by the three different methods showed an ordered, layer‐type supramolecular structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Conducting polyaniline film from aqueous dispersion: Crystallizable side chain forced lamellar structure for high conductivity

Aqueous conducting polyaniline dispersion was prepared employing acidic phosphate ester bearing hydrophilic ethylene glycol segment as dopant, and conducting film with electrical conductivity of 25 S/cm was obtained from the dispersion. Ordered self-assembly lamellar structure with interlamellar distance of 1.2 nm was observed in the film, which consisted of alternating layers of rigid polyaniline chain and flexible phosphate ester side chains, where the phosphate side chain layer was separated by two rigid polyaniline layers. The lamellar structure leading to high conducting film was formed due to the confinement of polyaniline chain by crystallizable phosphate side chain, since the electrical conductivity decreased by four orders of magnitude once the dopant side chain crystalline was destroyed. The crystallizable side chain forced lamellar structure is expected to be a new chance for highly conducting polyaniline.     

Preparation of polyaniline and studying its electrical conductivity

Polyaniline was prepared by chemical methods. Its electrical conductivity was measured. The electrical conductivity of polyaniline salt and polyaniline base were compared with composites prepared by the hot press of polyaniline base with KBr, Co(CH₃COO)₂, and picric acid. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1658–1665, 2000     

Synthesis and characterization of PbS/polyaniline core–shell nanocomposites based on octahedral PbS nanocrystals colloid

PbS/polyaniline core–shell nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline based on the octahedral PbS nanocrystals colloid. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, UV–vis spectra, and conductivity measurement. A possible formation mechanism of the PbS/polyaniline core–shell nanocomposites was also proposed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Polyaniline synthesis using hydrofluoric acid as doping agent: Comparative evaluation with polyaniline doped with sulfuric acid

This work focuses on the comparison between the morphological, chemical, and electrical properties of polyaniline doped with fluoridric and polyaniline, and doped with sulfuric acid. The FT‐IR, XRD, and SEM/EDS results indicate that the use of hydrofluoric acid as doping agent does not provide meaningful changes in the crystalline and morphological structure of polyaniline. Although, the inclusion of F^? type counter‐ions from the doping process with HF provide more compact, denser, and with higher electrical conductivity polymeric matrices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

MTMS基SiO_2气凝胶的制备及其影响因素

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为前驱体,通过酸碱两步溶胶凝胶法,常压干燥制备了SiO2气凝胶,综合研究了反应条件对气凝胶导热系数,堆积密度,比表面积和孔径的影响,利用FT-IR分析了SiO2气凝胶的化学结构。