新型聚合物阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的合成与性能

对新型水处理剂聚天冬氨酸的合成、热稳定性及阻垢性能等进行了研究。研究结果表明 :聚天冬氨酸的合成为无催化剂的L 天冬氨酸缩聚反应。相对分子质量为 40 0 0的聚天冬氨酸具有最为优良的阻垢性能 ;药剂投加量仅为 0 2mg/L时 ,对碳酸钙的阻垢率就达到 88% ,阻垢率达到 10 0 %时药剂浓度仅为 2 0mg/L ;增加聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂浓度使阻垢率随着Ca2 +浓度增加而下降的趋势变缓。聚天冬氨酸是一种可应用于高温、高钙离子浓度水系统的聚合物阻垢剂。     

聚天冬氨酸与木质素磺酸钠复配物的阻垢性能

通过静态阻垢法研究了国产聚天冬氨酸(PASP)与造纸工业的副产品木质素磺酸钠(SLS)投加量对碳酸钙、硫酸钙、硅酸钙的阻垢性能的影响。结果表明:PASP与SLS的配比质量浓度为2.0mg/L和5.0mg/L时,复配物具有优良的阻垢性能,且该复配物适用于高钙离子浓度、较高pH值的水系统中,并且可以在较高温度的水系统中长时间停留。该复配体系降低了环保型水处理剂PASP的用量,而且阻垢性能较单纯使用PASP优异。     

PASP和ATMP复合阻垢剂阻垢性能研究

采用静态阻垢法对聚天冬氨酸(PASP)与氨基三亚甲基膦酸(ATMP)复配物阻垢性能进行研究。考察阻垢剂添加量、温度、Ca2+浓度、HCO3-浓度、恒温时间对阻垢率的影响。结果表明,复配物的阻垢性能较单一的聚天冬氨酸有一定的提高。复配物的最佳质量配比为1∶1,PASP和ATMP总加入量为4 mg/L时效果最佳,阻垢率达86%。复配物阻垢性能受温度、时间、HCO3-浓度的影响较小,受Ca2+浓度的影响较大。对复合阻垢剂进行了经济性评价,复合阻垢剂可降低单独使用时的成本。     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的制备与性能研究

采用马来酸酐与氨水进行溶液聚合的方法制备聚天冬氨酸（PASP），生产条件温和，利用静态阻垢法评价了聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能。结果表明：通过氨化反应、聚合反应、碱性水解、提纯等方法合成出的PASP对碳酸钙的阻垢效果良好，聚天冬氨酸对ρ（Ca^2＋）=300mg／L，p（HCO3^-）=300mg／L的水样阻垢率可以达到90％以上；在ρ（HCO3^-）低于400mg／L时，药剂的阻垢率可达到100％；     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物对碳酸钙结晶过程的影响及阻垢机理探讨

采用碳酸钙沉积法和电导率法研究了聚天冬氨酸衍生物阻垢性能及其对碳酸钙结晶过程的影响。试验结果表明,在投加量为8 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸衍生物对碳酸钙的阻垢率就已超过85%;聚天冬氨酸衍生物对碳酸钙有增溶作用,其对碳酸钙的抑制作用存在极限浓度,对于含钙离子和碳酸根离子浓度均为5.81 mmol/L的溶液,当聚天冬氨酸衍生物的投加量超过15 mg/L后,再增加投加量对碳酸钙结晶过程的影响变化不明显;X-衍射分析认为该试剂能使碳酸钙晶体发生畸变。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物的合成及性能

利用聚天冬氨酸热缩聚产物聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)和天冬氨酸(ASP)合成了一种聚天冬氨酸衍生物.研究了聚天冬氨酸衍生物的阻垢性能、分散性能和污垢热阻.实验结果表明:当Ca~(2+)质量浓度为400mg/L、HCO_3~-质量浓度为800mg/L、聚天冬氨酸衍生物用量为6mg/L时,阻垢率达到100%,比聚天冬氨酸的阻垢率最大提高4%以上;聚天冬氨酸衍生物对Fe_2O_3有一定的分散作用;聚天冬氨酸衍生物的污垢热阻小于聚天冬氨酸的污垢热阻.     

钙垢阻垢剂的制备及复配性能

制备了丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯二元共聚物（AA-MAC）,并研究了其与钙垢阻垢剂CY对钙垢的阻垢性能,探究了2者的协同性及复配产物的阻垢性能.结果表明,AA-MAC和CY均具有较好的阻钙垢性能;AA-MAC与CY的复配可知,CY与AA-MAC具有协同增效作用,当AA-MAC与CY的质量比为1：1时,50 mg/L的投加量下,Ca2＋的质量浓度为1.4 g/L时,其对CaCO3垢的阻垢率仍大于85.15％;40 mg/L的投加量下,复配阻垢剂就能使高钙结垢性水体阻垢率大于90％,满足油田现场实际生产的需要.     

聚硅酸硫酸铝阻垢性能的研究

采用静态阻垢实验对聚硅酸硫酸铝(PASS)的阻垢性能进行了研究,考察了药剂投加量、pH及相对分子质量对其阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,Ca2+质量浓度为240mg/L时,PASS投加质量浓度为10mg/L,阻垢率可达到80%左右;PASS在pH8的水中阻垢率能保持在80%以上;其阻垢性能的最佳相对分子质量在6300左右。利用扫描电镜对其阻垢机理进行了研究。     

环保型阻垢分散剂的研制及其性能

以聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)和丙烯三羧酸.丙烯酸共聚物(AA-AA)为主体,开发出一种三元复配物阻垢分散剂,研究了不同质量配比复配物的阻垢性能、分散性能和生物降解性能.结果表明,当药剂用量为12mg/L时,质量比m(PASP):m(PESA):m(AA-AA)为1:1:2的三元复配物对CaCO_3的阻垢率为96.73%、分散氧化铁时的透光率仅为20.9%,28天时的生物降解率为76%.与国内外市场通用的磷系药剂相比,其阻垢分散性能优异,可替代现在使用的含磷或低磷产品.小型动态模拟试验结果表明在水质硬度为1056 mg/L时,其阻垢率仍达90%以上,该三元复配物是一种适用于高硬度水质的环保型阻垢分散剂.     

HPMA和EDTMPS复合有机阻垢剂的阻垢性能

对水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）和乙二胺四亚甲叉膦酸钠（EDTMPS）的复配物阻垢性能进行研究。考察阻垢剂添加量、pH值、Ca^2＋浓度、HCO3^-浓度、恒温时间对阻垢率的影响。实验发现,当HPMA和EDTMPS质量配比为3：1,总加入量为10mg／L时效果最佳,阻垢率达98％。复配物阻垢性能受时间的影响较小,受Ca^2＋浓度的影响较大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。