可控震源车用沙漠轮胎沙丘爬坡性能试验与分析

介绍装配不同沙漠轮胎的可控震源车在室内进行印痕试验和实地沙丘爬坡试验的对比过程,采集试验数据并进行分析,探讨影响沙漠轮胎沙丘爬坡性能的主要参数。结果表明:大直径、鼓胎冠、大胎肩圆角、纵向深沟波浪形花纹沙漠轮胎具有更高的沙丘爬坡性能,更适合可控震源车在沙漠中使用。     

黄土塬区可控震源激发试验分析

可控震源勘探具有"安全、环保"的特点,它在鄂尔多斯盆地北部沙漠区得到了推广应用,而在南部黄土山地区,由于地形条件的限制,从未开展过试验工作。鄂尔多斯盆地黄土山地具有"塬、梁、峁、坡、沟"的地貌特点,在这几种地貌中,"塬"是比较平坦的,具备可控震源施工的地表条件,在黄土塬区进行了首次可控震源试验。试验结果表明,可控震源和井炮激发相比,单炮记录能量稳定、信噪比高、频带较宽,可控震源线试验剖面较相邻老测线井炮剖面品质有所提升,这就为下一步在黄土塬区采用可控震源激发进行地震采集提供了依据。     

可控震源平板防沾罩——杜绝平板底部产生堆积物

本实用新型涉及地震勘探领域所用装备,适用于石油地震勘探可控震源设备。防止可控震源在冬季使用过程中,平板底部产生雪疙瘩等堆积物,着重解决了雪疙瘩的存在影响可控震源"相位"、"出力"和"畸变"这三个主要参数,提高了可控震源地震资料采集质量和采集效率,减轻了震源车操作手的劳动强度,避免了对可控震源相关设备的损伤,该可控震源平板防沾罩安装方便、用料经济、应用效果明显,小改进大效益。     

可控震源在新疆沙漠区地震勘探中的应用

在沙漠地区开展地震勘探,由于潜水面较深,钻机打井困难,激发岩性差,且炸药激发能量散失严重,次生干扰强,无法得到满足地震解释所需要的资料。而可控震源具有施工效率高、成本低、激发频率和振幅可以控制等优点,针对不同的地表地质条件,选择有利的激发方式和参数,能取得较好的勘探效果。可控震源勘探弥补了炸药震源的不足,作为炸药震源的有力补充,已成为特殊地表条件下进行野外勘探的主要震源之一。     

国内外简讯

为了满足新疆塔里木、吐哈、准来三大油田开发对沙漠车的需要,乌鲁木齐轮胎厂于今年年初开发出18—20沙漠轮胎。该厂自1993年以来已陆续开发出7.50—14,6.00—16,5.00—10及4.50—16轿车轮胎、微型车轮胎和拖拉机轮胎。     

可控震源在采区勘探中的应用效果

在山前砾石覆盖区或浅层卵砾石发育区,获得较高信噪比的地震资料是目前煤田地震勘探所面临的难题之一。由于炸药震源成孔困难,且难以获得理想的可用于生产的野外原始地震资料,而大吨位可控震源具有能量大、技术参数精确可控、震源一致性高等优点,由此弥补了该类地区炸药震源的不足。通过对不同吨位可控震源在相邻区块采区勘探中的应用效果分析,说明了在类似勘探区只有使用大吨位可控震源才能取得较高质量的地震资料。     

新品动态

河南风神研制出20-20-16PR G-29无内胎沙漠轮胎日前,河南风神轮胎股份有限公司成功研制出20-20-16PR G-29无内胎沙漠轮胎,使沙漠轮胎系列产品又增加新的品种。该规格轮胎标准轮辋为17.00/1.0,新胎充气后断面宽562mm±4%,外直径1240mm±1.5%,速度每小时50km,气压为360kPa时,负荷为5000kg。该轮胎主要用于沙漠越野车,具有极强的越野能力和较高的速度,能适应沙漠腹地特殊地貌的恶劣环境和沙漠公路的运输,能满足沙漠油田勘探和运输需要的专用车辆。该轮胎花纹采用G-29浮力型块状花纹,花纹独特美观,采用不同的花纹深度,使轮胎在公路与沙漠行…     

可控震源采集资料质量控制方法

随着大吨位可控震源的推广和应用,可控震源已广泛应用于地震资料采集作业,但可控震源自身的特点决定了在可控震源资料采集过程中对震源技术指标及采集资料进行全程监控,加强质量控制显得尤为重要,是获得高品质采集资料的根本保障。     

可控震源地震资料中的谐波畸变及消除

针对可控震源地震资料中的谐波畸变及消除问题,本次研究结合我国地震勘探作业的发展现状,首先对可控震源地震资料中谐波畸变产生的原因进行全面研究,在此基础上,对可控震源地震资料中谐波畸变的消除进行分析,为推动我国可控震源地震勘探作业的进一步发展奠定基础。     

硫化后轮胎意外损伤原因及解决措施

对造成硫化后轮胎意外损伤的主要原因进行分析,并提出相应解决措施。通过对分支输送带与主输送带结合处、主输送带与爬坡输送带结合处和爬坡输送带出口处重新布局,并对轮胎修剪工艺进行改进,硫化后轮胎的意外损伤现象大幅度减少,既保证了轮胎质量,又提高了企业效益。     

Bending vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric composite double laminated vibrator

In this study, the bending vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric composite double laminated vibrator are studied by simulation and experiment. Firstly, the bending vibration characteristics of a 2-2 piezoelectric composite double laminated vibrator under free and fixed boundary conditions are simulated by the finite element analysis software. Results show that the vibrator has a pure bending vibration mode in the frequency band of 2–4.6 kHz. Then, two types of a 2-2 piezoelectric composite double laminated vibrator are prepared by using epoxy resin and silicone rubber. The test results show that the resonance frequencies of the free and fixed boundaries are ~4.5 and 2.5 kHz, respectively. The vibrator has relatively pure bending vibration characteristics, especially the silicone rubber vibrator, which has lower resonance frequency, higher electromechanical coupling coefficient and larger bending vibration displacement; thus, the 2-2 piezoelectric composite double laminated vibrator is a better choice for the fabrication of a low-frequency transducer.     

Comparison of fuel properties and emission characteristics of two- and three-phase emulsions prepared by ultrasonically vibrating and mechanically homogenizing emulsification methods

Emulsions have long been considered as an alternative fuel for combustion equipment in order to achieve better fuel economy and pollution reduction. While a mechanical homogenizing method is frequently used to prepare emulsions, the use of an ultrasonic emulsification method to do so is still rather limited, and is mostly applied to two-phase emulsions only. Hence, two-phase W/O and three-phase O/W/O emulsions, prepared by a mechanical homogenizer and an ultrasonic vibrator, respectively, were prepared and used as engine fuel. The emulsion properties, engine performance, and engine emission characteristics between these two emulsification methods were measured and compared. The potential of the ultrasonic emulsification method was also evaluated. The experimental results show that the emulsions prepared by the ultrasonic vibrator appeared to have more favorable emulsification characteristics such as smaller dispersed water droplets that were distributed more uniformly in the continuous oil phase, lower separation rate of water droplets from the continuous phase of diesel fuel and thus a lower separating rate of the dispersed water droplets from the emulsion, larger emulsion stability, and larger emulsion viscosity than the emulsions produced using a mechanical homogenizer. In addition, a larger content of water was emulsified when the emulsion was prepared using the ultrasonic vibrator than the mechanical homogenizer. The emulsions prepared by the ultrasonic vibrator also had a lower fuel consumption rate, lower bsfc, and significantly lower CO emission while at the same time having a larger black smoke opacity. When comparing the two-phase W/O and the three-phase O/W/O emulsions prepared by either the ultrasonic vibrator or the mechanical homogenizer, the two-phase W/O emulsions appeared to have a lower fuel consumption rate, bsfc, CO, and a lower black smoke opacity than the three-phase O/W/O emulsions, regardless of whether they were prepared by ultrasonic vibrator or mechanical homogenizer.     

液压激振技术在振动筛上的应用研究

分析了大、中型振动筛采用机械偏心式惯性振动方式存在的几个问题 ,认为振动筛如采用液压振动技术 ,则可较方便地解决这些问题 ;在振动筛上应用液压激振方案是可行的 ,可用来驱动多种类型的振动设备 ,而且具有参数可调和容易控制等特点 ,是较为可靠的驱动方式     

The grinding of organic dyestuffs

A mechanism for grinding disperse dyes in a sand mill is discussed which is supported by experimental data. Experimental data with disk, cylinder and vibrator agitators are examined from the point of view of dimensional analysis. All rotors exhibited fluid slip and decreased efficiencies at high rotor speeds. Cylinder rotors provided higher rates of energy input to the milling paste, and shorter grinding times, relative to disk and vibrator agitators.     

也门71区山地可控震源激发技术

也门71区块地表异常复杂,尤其是山地部分表层破碎底层坚硬,激发条件差,导致钻机打井困难,炸药能量散失严重,各种次生干扰的衍生导致资料信噪比低,成像困难。特殊的地表条件给技术设计和野外施工带来极大不便,而可控震源在山地的应用能够较好的弥补炸药震源的不足。为此,通过分析71区块山地的地表地质条件,借鉴相似工区的施工经验,对71区块山地的可控震源技术进行详细的研究。通过优选可控震源的扫描频率、扫描长度、出力、扫描次数和震源台数等参数,总结出一套适合也门71区块山地的可控震源激发技术,应用于野外生产并取得良好效果。71区块山地资料品质大幅度提高,同时该技术的研究成功也为也门乃至中东北非类似地区的地震勘探提供了有益的参考。     

升膜蒸发管内流型可视化及传热性能

为了探究热流密度、真空度和流量对升膜蒸发器传热性能的影响,以及对升膜加热管内流体流型进行观测和分析,本文建立了升膜蒸发系统传热实验平台,对升膜蒸发器的传热特性和流体流型进行实验研究.实验所用升膜管管长2200mm,升膜管采用镀透明导电膜石英管,工作介质为水;升膜管蒸发侧采用电加热方式;研究了热流密度(6.71kW/m²≤ q≤ 26.79kW/m²)、流量(20L/h≤ M≤ 100L/h)和真空度(0≤ P≤ 15kPa)对升膜加热管流体流型和传热特性的影响.结果表明:通过电加热的方式可以实现石英管内溶液的升膜蒸发,并能观测到泡状流、块状流、弹状流、柱塞流、环状流和雾状流;热流密度低于6.71kW/m²时无法形成升膜蒸发,随着蒸发侧热流密度的增大,升膜管内环状流长度增大,管内传热系数增大;随着流量的增大,升膜管内液体湍流强度增大,管内传热系数增大;真空度对流体流型影响较大.     

Fabrication and characterization of a tiny PZT thick-film longitudinal-bending coupled drive vibrator using electrohydrodynamic jet printing

This paper describes a fabrication method of a novel type of micro piezoelectric thick-film longitudinal-bending coupled (LBC) vibrator with a length of 8 mm and thickness of 0.34 mm using electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing. The LBC micro-vibrator was designed, and a frequency sensitivity analysis of the structural parameters was implemented. When the thickness of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick-film element of the vibrator reached 76 μm, tuning of the composite-mode frequency consistency could be achieved. The micro-vibrator was then fabricated by depositing the PZT thick film directly on the surface of the elastic body using E-jet printing, and the film thickness was flexibly adjusted by tuning the number of prints, thus avoiding the problems of insufficient PZT thin film thickness (≤1 μm) and excessive bulk PZT ceramic volume. Micro-morphological observations showed that the printed thick film was dense and smooth, with a thickness of approximately 76 μm. Furthermore, the vibration mode frequency of the vibrator differed from the test resonant frequencies by only 0.92%, and the vibrator could achieve driving motion with a volume and an excitation voltage approximately one-tenth of that of a bulk piezoelectric motor. Moreover, the unit power density was 0.36 W kg⁻¹ V⁻¹, which is 1.6 times higher than that of a large bulk piezoelectric motor, indicating that the vibrator has good potential for small-space and low-voltage applications.     

Modeling of dimensional variations of a dune sand concrete reinforced by addition of steel fibers

Technically, the dune sand concrete (DSC) can replace the traditional concrete in some construction cases. Even economically, this material is also cheaper, since dune sand (with its large availability in the Saharan regions), is used as a single aggregate. In addition, the incorporation of steel fibers into this material can remedy its brittle behaviour and limit the microcracking caused by the high shrinkage that typically characterizes the sand concrete. Moreover, the use of the experimental design approach to model the influence of the fibers content [Vb], the filler content [LF] and the Water/Cement ratio [W/C] on the shrinkage is very attractive.

For this, tests of endogenous shrinkage (ES) and the free shrinkage (FS) were carried out on various compositions of dune sand concrete reinforced by steel fibers (FRDSC). The results are then compared with those of the dune sand concrete (DSC) taken as a concrete control. Generally, the addition of steel fibers significantly reduces the shrinkage of the dune sand concrete. At the young age, only small differences were observed when fiber contents passed from a dosage to another; however, at the long term, the fibers effect became more marked. In addition, the use of the experimental design theory was very beneficial for modeling the effect of the studied factors on the studied responses. Although [LF] and [W/C] also significantly influenced the total shrinkage of RFDSCs, [Vb] showed the greatest effect. The recorded optimums in the study field were 0.6, 200?kg/m³ and 1% were for [W/C], [LF] and [Vb] respectively.     

压电振子作为激励源在液体燃料雾化中的应用

选取高机电转换系数K15（0．71），品质因数Qm(2100)及矫顽电场Ec(1860V/mm)和Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3三元系压电材料制备压电振子，将压电振子粘贴在内燃机燃油喷嘴上，构成新的燃烧喷射系统。压电振子的应用，提高了射流液体的雾化效果，并将喷射系统压力由7MPa降到3MPa，采用激光漫射的方法拍摄各种喷射条件下射流液体的雾化过程。经比较，切变K15振子喷射系统的雾化效果优于厚度Kt振子的雾化效果。当压电振子和喷射液体的固有频率相同（谐振）时，喷射液体振幅最大，雾化效果最佳。谐振时，激励电压越高，喷射雾化效果越好。     

沙漠砂制备混凝土研究进展

采取“因地制宜,就地取材”策略,合理地将沙漠砂用于混凝土制备,是缓解西北地区建筑用砂供需矛盾的一种有效途径。本文首先通过文献研究与统计分析相结合的方法,归纳总结了不同地区沙漠砂基本理化特性;其次,梳理了现阶段沙漠砂制备混凝土研究状况,并对其所存在问题进行了总结概括;最后,展望了沙漠砂混凝土未来研究发展方向。研究表明,沙漠砂在一定条件下可替代或部分替代骨料用于制备混凝土,沙漠砂部分代替河砂制备的混凝土的工作性、力学性能及耐久性(抗冻性、抗高温性)能够满足一般的工程要求,部分情况下甚至优于普通混凝土。本研究可为沙漠砂混凝土在实际工程中的应用提供借鉴,并可为实现沙漠砂的绿色开采及资源化利用提供新的模式参考。