SOLUBILISED WAXES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF LUBE OIL BASE STOCKS

The physico-chemical properties of Lubricating oil base stocks (LOBS) are generally influenced by the type/nature and concentration of solubilised waxes present in them. Detailed composition of the solubilised waxes, saturates and aromatics present in LOBS and its distillate fractions has been sludied. Further the influence of these solubilised waxes and as well of saturates/aromatics on the flow properties particularly pour point, viscosity and viscosity temperature relationship of LOBS sample and its distillate fractions have been investigated. The response of a commercial pour point depressant additive with varying composition of solubilised waxes in lube oil base stock sample has also been studied.     

SOLUBILISED WAXES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FLOW PROPERTIES OF LUBE OIL BASE STOCKS

ABSTRACT

The physico-chemical properties of Lubricating oil base stocks (LOBS) are generally influenced by the type/nature and concentration of solubilised waxes present in them. Detailed composition of the solubilised waxes, saturates and aromatics present in LOBS and its distillate fractions has been sludied. Further the influence of these solubilised waxes and as well of saturates/aromatics on the flow properties particularly pour point, viscosity and viscosity temperature relationship of LOBS sample and its distillate fractions have been investigated. The response of a commercial pour point depressant additive with varying composition of solubilised waxes in lube oil base stock sample has also been studied.     

近红外分析方法测定润滑油基础油粘度指数

采用PLS校正方法建立了近红外光谱－粘度指数校正模型,能够覆盖多种源油、多种工艺及牌号的基础油。使用该模型对23个样品的对比测定结果表明,验证集标准误差（SEV）为2．13。成对t检验结果表明,近红外分析方法与标准分析方法测定的粘度指数没有显著性差别,具有重现性好、分析速度快,结果准确等特点,可以代替传统方法进行润滑油基础油粘度指数的测定。     

润滑油基础油分子表征方法及其黏度性质预测

采用气相色谱/场电离飞行时间质谱(GC/FI TOF MS)对润滑油基础油进行分子表征。依据精确相对分子质量和质谱图平均丰度分别进行定性和定量分析,可简单快速地获得基础油中链烷烃及一环～六环环烷烃的碳数分布结果。基于基础油分子组成数据,采用Kennard-Stone方法将样品集分为校正集和验证集,依据偏最小二乘方法(PLS)建立预测黏度和黏度指数的模型,模型验正集及预测集预测值的标准偏差分别小于2.0 mm²/s和2.0,相关系数均大于0.99。所建模型对基础油黏度及黏度指数的预测适用性好、准确度高,具有一定的实用价值。     

分子组成对润滑油基础油黏度指数的影响

弄清分子组成对基础油黏度指数的影响,对原料优选和加工工艺调整有重要意义。采用传统分析与高分辨质谱、核磁共振方法相结合的方法,研究了4个样品的黏度指数与分子组成差异。结果表明,基础油B1、B2的链烷烃含量较低、环烷烃含量较高、异构化程度iP/nP值较大,其黏度指数与A1、A2相差约15个单位;尽管A1、B1的链烷烃含量较低、各环数环烷烃含量均比较高,但是从分子组成上来看分布在碳数较大的范围,所以其黏度指数分别大于A2、B2;进一步分析实沸点蒸馏所得窄馏分的性质和组成表明,窄馏分的黏度指数随终馏点的增加而增加,在相同的沸点范围内高黏度指数的窄馏分其链烷烃和一环环烷烃含量较高。     

基础油及粘度指数改进剂对润滑油高温清净性的影响

用成焦板（或成漆板）试验法考察了基础油及粘度指数改进剂对润滑油高温清净性的影响。结果表明,基础油的粘度和粘度指数改进剂对油品的高温清净性有很大影响;粘度较大的基础油的高温清净性明显优于低粘度的基础油,在低粘度的基础油中加入一些重组分,可明显改善油品的高温清净性;而在油品中加入粘度指数改进剂会使油品的高温清净性变差,非分散型粘度指数改进剂的负面影响更大。     

润滑油基础油黏度调合模型的优化及应用

研究了天然气合成润滑油基础油(简称基础油)与其他3种基础油的混合油黏度调合数学模型的准确度和适用性。测定了天然气合成基础油GTL420分别与合成基础油PAO10、矿物基础油500N和煤基费-托合成基础油CTL10按不同比例调合的混合基础油在40℃和100℃时的运动黏度,对黏度调合模型进行优化。基于偏差率、均方根误差、残差平方和以及决定系数对模型进行评价。结果表明：Arrhenius方程在3种调合体系中的偏差率最大,不能精确描述混合基础油的真实运动黏度;Lederer-Roegiers Sr方程和Grunberg-Nissan方程表现出相似的模拟效果,但在不同调合体系中的有效性不同;Oswal-Desai方程的结构较复杂,但准确度和适用性是最优的。     

不同温度下润滑油粘度的算的应用研究

介绍一种不同温度下润滑油粘度换算的应用研究方法,常规的粘度测定方法是采用GB／T265－88《石油产品运动粘度测定法》,对于倾点大于50℃的油品,测定粘度指数只能采用脱蜡降低倾点的办法来进行,而实验室在脱蜡时,工艺条件波动较大,分析误差也很大,而且,脱蜡前,后的粘度指数又无可比性,不能很好的指导车间的生产,通过研究,我们找到了一种较好的解决办法,即采用不同温度下粘度换算后来计算粘度指数,结果表明,该方法快速,准确,省时,省力。     

异构脱蜡催化剂及工艺条件对润滑油基础油黏度指数的影响

以中国石油大庆炼化分公司轻质低含蜡油和重质高含蜡油为原料,用开发的PIC系列异构脱蜡催化剂,并配套使用某工业加氢预精制和补充精制催化剂,进行加氢预精制-异构脱蜡-补充精制试验,考察加氢预精制过程及异构脱蜡催化剂和工艺条件对润滑油基础油黏度指数的影响。试验结果和工业装置运行数据表明：通过对异构脱蜡催化剂的改进,催化剂中B酸含量增高;B酸含量、加氢精制温度、异构脱蜡温度的升高,均可提高催化剂的开环活性,进而提高产品黏度指数;与上一代异构脱蜡催化剂PIC-802相比,PIC-812催化剂的活性提高,在工业装置上加工大庆650SN糠醛精制油和200SN浅度脱蜡油时,反应温度分别降低2 ℃和26 ℃,基础油收率均提高4百分点,黏度指数均提高4个单位。     

PARAFFIN DEPOSITION AND VISCOSITY TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF ASSAM CRUDE OIL

The rate of paraffin deposition at equilibrium under different flowing conditions, viz, flow rate, oil and cold surface temperatures, and also viscosity temperature behaviour of Assam crude having wax content 11·0 % wt. and pour point 30°C has been studied. The effect of various diluents viz commercial kerosene and diesel oil on paraffin deposition and viscosity temperature behaviour have been determined. Deposition data has also been quantified in the form of a regression equation. It has been observed that added solvent significantly effect the paraffin deposition and viscosity temperature behaviour.     

PARAFFIN DEPOSITION AND VISCOSITY TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF ASSAM CRUDE OIL

ABSTRACT

The rate of paraffin deposition at equilibrium under different flowing conditions, viz, flow rate, oil and cold surface temperatures, and also viscosity temperature behaviour of Assam crude having wax content 11·0 % wt. and pour point 30°C has been studied. The effect of various diluents viz commercial kerosene and diesel oil on paraffin deposition and viscosity temperature behaviour have been determined. Deposition data has also been quantified in the form of a regression equation. It has been observed that added solvent significantly effect the paraffin deposition and viscosity temperature behaviour.     

INFLUENCE OF PARAFFIN CONTENT ON LOW TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCES OF DIESEL FUEL AND LUBE BASE OIL

The influence of dewaxing ratio, added solid and liquid paraffins on the low temperature performances of Daqing hydrogenated diesel fuel and hydrogenated lube base oil was studied in detail. The experimental results show that the solidification points of samples fall rapidly with the increasing of dewaxing ratio or rise quickly with the adding of solid and liquid paraffins. The quantitative relations between the solidification points of tested samples and the dewaxing ratio or the contents of added solid and liquid paraffins could be exactly expressed by the experiential formula presented in the paper. The sample solidification points predicted by the empirical formula are well identical with ones determined in the test and the error is generally less than 2°C.     

润滑油基础油质量和加工工艺的进展

本文概要介绍了润滑油基础油品种，质量和加工工艺的发展，讨论了基础油化学组成与实验室模拟试验，发动机台架试验之间的关系，为炼厂进一步提高基础油质量，开发新的加工工艺提供参考和借鉴。     

加氢尾油异构脱蜡制取高粘度指数润滑油基础油的试验研究

采用FIDW－1催化剂分别对一种VGO溶剂脱蜡油加氢处理尾油、一种减三线油和一种减压渣油丙烷脱沥青油糠醛精制油的加氢处理尾油和一种VGO加氢处理尾油进行了异构脱蜡试验。结果表明,该催化剂具有良好的脱蜡异构活性、选择性,可以生产高粘度指数润滑油基础油馏分,副产物主要是优质的喷气燃料和柴油馏分。与催化脱蜡和溶剂脱蜡相比,异构脱蜡具有基础油收率高、粘度指数高、副产品价值高等优点。     

中间基润滑油基础油的脱氮与吸附脱酸

以中间基基础油为原料，采用自制的WK-1脱氮剂和WK-3吸附剂，考察了脱氮-吸附脱酸组合工艺的脱氮和吸附脱酸效果。实验结果表明，WK-1在1/250的剂油质量比时，脱氮率达到90.7%；WK-3在1.5%的投加量(w)下，使精制基础油的酸值达到0.05 mgKOH/g以下。在最优剂油比下对基础油进行脱氮-吸附脱酸组合精制，精制基础油的碱性氮化物从275.3?g/g降低到23.8?g/g，酸值从0.131mgKOH/g降低到0.045mgKOH/g，精制基础油的氧化安定性从130min提高到285min，精制油的其它理化指标不变或有所改善。与单纯的白土精制工艺相比，脱氮-吸附脱酸组合工艺具有更高的脱氮和脱酸效率，废渣量减少，有较好的社会和经济效益。     

溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的研究

针对目前我国润滑油基础油的质量状况，开发了新型脱氮剂和溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺，进行了润滑油基础油的脱氮研究，考察了脱氮工艺条件对脱氮率及精制油理化性质的影响。结果表明：溶剂脱氮-白土精制组合工艺可以选择性地脱除基础油中的含氮化合物，显著提高油品的氧化安定性。脱氮精制油的硫含量和其它理化性质脱氮前后变化不大。     

GTL润滑油基础油工艺技术进展、优势及影响

GTL润滑油基础油的一般工艺技术由3个部分组成：合成气生产技术，合成液体烃生产技术，合成油加工技术。重点介绍壳牌、沙索、ExxonMobil、Syntroleum几大公司的GTL技术，并对GTL润滑油基础油的性能及其前景、影响作了概述，指出GTL润滑油基础油具有良好的开发和应用前景。     

润滑油基础油的现状及发展趋势

叙述了内燃机油的发展对基础油的要求，并对传统工艺和加氢工艺生产的基础油质量状况进行了分析，指出润滑油加氢工艺是提高基础油质量的有效途径。加氢工艺生产基础油是润滑油的发展趋势。     

高酸值润滑油基础油脱酸研究

以有机胺和非离子表面活性剂为联合柱撑剂制备柱撑改性钙基碱性白土。以柱撑改性钙基碱性白土为脱酸剂对高酸值润滑油基础油（简称基础油）650SN和其它重质基础油进行中和吸附脱酸研究,考察脱酸剂的层间结构和组成、脱酸剂添加量、脱酸温度、脱酸时间对基础油脱酸效果的影响。结果表明：白土与CaO质量比为5:3的柱撑改性碱性白土的脱酸效果最好,在该脱酸剂添加量为基础油质量的1.5%、反应温度80 ℃、反应时间4 h的条件下,650SN基础油的酸值从0.109 8 mgKOH/g下降到0.023 9 mgKOH/g。与普通碱性白土相比,柱撑改性钙基碱性白土的中和吸附脱酸效果好,脱酸剂用量少,且对不同种类基础油的适用性强。     

由蜡膏下蜡下油研制很高及超高粘度指数的润滑油基础油

蜡膏和蜡下油是溶剂脱蜡工艺生产润滑油基础油的副产物,一般只用作催化裂化原料。石油化工科学研究院的中型试验结果表明,蜡膏和蜡下油通过加氢处理,在氢分压10－15MPa,反应温度350－400℃及体积空速为0．5－1．0的操作条件下,可以研制出符合APIⅢ类标准的很高及超高粘度指数（VHVI及VHVI）的润滑油基础油。