碳酸钙对PVC防水卷材性能的影响

采用碳酸钙填充,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)改性制备了PVC防水卷材,研究了DOP、轻质碳酸钙(PCC)和重质碳酸钙(GCC)对PVC防水卷材力学性能、加工性能以及微观结构的影响。结果表明:随着DOP含量的增加,PVC防水卷材的拉伸强度和撕裂强度下降,断裂伸长率增加,加工性能得到很大改善。在碳酸钙含量一定的情况下,GCC填充体系的力学性能优于PCC填充体系,但加工性能稍差。当DOP含量为50份,GCC含量为20~30份时,加工过程容易,拉伸强度最大,为14.58 MPa,撕裂强度最大,为69.15 N/mm,保证了体系在较好加工性能的前提下,使材料具有优良的力学性能。通过扫描电镜发现,随着DOP含量的增加,界面变得更加平整光滑,两者相容性更好;在碳酸钙含量20份的情况下,重钙体系的界面模糊且平整光滑,相容性较好,而轻钙体系的界面相对清晰且粗糙,相容性较差。     

增塑体系对吸水膨胀封隔器性能的影响

以丁腈橡胶(NBR)和吸水树脂为主体材料,通过物理共混法制备的遇水膨胀橡胶,针对其补强和吸水组分较多、加工性能较差的问题,通过添加增塑剂,对其力学性能、膨胀性能以及加工性进行了研究。结果表明,在以硫黄为交联剂的硫化体系内,增塑剂的种类和用量对吸水膨胀橡胶以及封隔器的力学性能、膨胀性能和加工成型性能有直接影响。以3种常用的NBR增塑剂作为研究对象,在实验范围内,吸水树脂含量不变的情况下,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)的加入对吸水膨胀橡胶的增塑效果适度,强度衰减较小,对该类橡胶是一种均衡的增塑剂,当DOP用量为10份时,综合性能达到最佳值,拉伸强度为7.6MPa,拉断伸长率为591%,邵尔A硬度为75,常温蒸馏水中体积膨胀率为470%。     

PVC压延胶带膜配方的改进与生产条件的控制

研究了PA/DOP、CaCO3对试样性能的影响,探讨了试样环保性能和抗热老化性能的改进,叙述了生产条件控制中的注意事项.实验结果表明:①PA比DOP具有更好的耐正己烷抽出性能;②DOP为32份、PA为16份时,试样的拉伸性能最好,表现出协同效应;③与超细CaCO3,相比,纳米CaCO3可提高试样的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,且纳米CaCO3的分散性更好;④与某钡锌稳定剂相比,某钙锌稳定剂具有更好的环保性能、抗热老化性能;该钙锌稳定剂与ESO、PDOP共用时,在抗热老化性能方面具有协同效应.     

纳米CaCO3对阻燃型软质聚氯乙烯的增韧增强作用

通过氧指数(LOI)、剩炭率、烟密度等级(SDR)、冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率等参数的测定,研究了氢氧化物和金属配合物复合阻燃体系对软质PVC阻燃、消烟性能和力学性能的影响;通过冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及材料流变性能的测定对比研究了纳米级CaCO3和微米级CaCO3对阻燃型软质PVC的力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明:氢氧化物和金属配合物复合阻燃体系在提高软质PVC阻燃、消烟性能的同时会恶化材料的力学性能;纳米CaCO3能明显提高阻燃型软质PVC的冲击强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,对材料具有明显的增韧、增强作用,同时对材料的流变性能及阻燃、消烟性能影响不大。     

P83/DOP对PVC/CPE共混物性能的影响

制备了聚氯乙烯/氯化聚乙烯(PVC/CPE)共混物,研究了改性剂CHEMIGUMP83(简称P83)和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)对共混物硬度、拉伸性能和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:适量的P83和DOP并用,可以降低共混物的硬度,改善共混物的拉伸性能;P83可以有效减缓DOP的加入导致的共混物耐磨性能下降的趋势;当DOP用量在25～30phr、P83用量在10～15phr时,PVC/CPE共混物具有较好的物理力学性能。     

高无机填料含量下PVC/ABS合金性能

通过挤出共混工艺,分别将3种无机填料,滑石粉(Talc)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)、凹凸棒土(Attap)加入到PVC/ABS合金中,制得了3种不同的PVC/ABS合金。研究在无机填料含量较高(60份)的情况下,ABS对PVC/ABS合金耐热性能、力学性能及加工性能的影响。结果发现:与未加无机填料的PVC/ABS合金相比,ABS对合金力学性能的影响不再明显,而维卡软化温度提高了很多;3种无机填料中,PVC/ABS/CaCO3合金综合性能最好,PVC/ABS/Talc合金其次,PVC/ABS/Attap合金最差,当PVC含量为100份,ABS含量为60份,CaCO3为60份时,所得PVC/ABS/CaCO3合金维卡软化温度和冲击强度分别为97.4℃、10.79 kJ/m2,与纯PVC相比分别提高了约13℃和6.79 kJ/m2。     

流动分散剂RL22和WB222在NBR中的应用研究

对比研究了流动分散剂RL22、WB222与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)对丁腈橡胶(NBR)的流变性能、门尼松弛、门尼焦烧、硫化特性、物理机械性能以及压缩永久变形的影响。结果表明,均为饱和脂肪酸酯的RL22、WB222对NBR胶料具有优良的润滑和填料分散效果,胶料的加工性能优于DOP;两者对胶料的硫化性能、力学性能和老化性能无明显影响。     

无机填料/PP复合材料的力学性能和加工性能

研究无机填料(碳酸钙(CaCO3)、玻璃微珠(GB)和硫酸钙晶须(CSW))对聚丙烯(PP)力学性能和加工性能的影响.SEM观察PP复合材料冲击缺口的断面微观形貌和无机填料在PP基体中的分散情况.结果表明:当CSW舍量为6份时,PP/CSW复合材料的缺口冲击强度达到最大值5.9 kJ/m2.当无机填料含量为6份时,PP/CaCO3、PP/GB和PP/CSW复合材料的拉伸强度达到最大值.随着CaCO3、GB和CSW含量的增加,PP复合材料的加工平衡扭矩逐渐下降.     

纳米CaCO_3改性PVC糊及其软制品力学性能研究

研究了活性纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)用量对PVC糊树脂的粘度及其软制品拉伸强度、伸长率等力学性能的影响。结果表明,随CaCO3加入量(0～30份)的增加,PVC糊树脂粘度明显提高;纳米碳酸钙加入量为15份时,PVC软制品的拉伸强度达到最高值;纳米碳酸钙加入量越大,伸长率越低,其中加入量为5～15份时,伸长率下降幅度较小,加入量大于15份时,伸长率大幅度降低。     

竹粉/PVC发泡复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用模压法制备了竹粉/聚氯乙烯(PVC)发泡复合材料,研究了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)、竹粉、成核剂及成型压力对复合材料密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加DOP使复合材料密度和拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率快速增大;AC发泡剂用量增加,复合材料密度减小;竹粉用量增加,复合材料密度增加,力学性能变差;纳米二氧化钛和轻质碳酸钙的添加能有效改善复合材料的性能,其最佳用量为2份;复合材料最佳成型压力为6 MPa。     

影响PVC/PNBR热塑性弹性体力学性能的因素

以PVC聚合物为主的条件下制得PVC/PNBR热塑性弹性体,研究了PNBR、填料、第三组分以及增塑剂DOP的质量分数对热塑性弹性体力学性能的影响。     

The effect of an epoxidized plasticizer on the thermo-oxidative ageing of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber thermoplastic elastomers

The effects of an epoxidized plasticizer on the mechanical properties and thermo-oxidative ageing behaviour of poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) were investigated. Aged and unaged blends were characterized by FTIR, tensile properties, tear strength, hardness and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The properties of the epoxidized soya oil (ESO) plasticized TPEs were compared with those of the di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DOP) plasticized counterparts. The presence of epoxide groups in ESO has been shown to produce two conflicting effects. On the one hand, the presence of excessive epoxide groups has resulted in poor ageing behaviour. On the other hand, it has resulted in a good interaction and compatibility with PVC/ENR. It was found that the tensile strength of the ESO plasticized blends were comparable with the DOP plasticized ones, but the elongation at break (EB) of the ESO blends fell short of that of the DOP blends. Also the retention of both tensile properties for the ESO blends was poorer than for DOP blends. Hardening and embrittlement also occurred in the ESO blends. Despite these weaknesses, ESO could be an ideal plasticizer for the PVC/ENR system as indicated by plasticizer permanence and the greater efficiency of plasticization. © 1998 SCI.     

环保增塑剂及热稳定剂在PVC中的协同作用

以农林剩余物资源腰果酚为原料合成腰果酚基乙酸酯增塑剂(CA),并用不饱和天然油脂为原料制备多效的油脂源钙锌复合热稳定剂(OMFCTS),将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行共混,通过动态力学性能,热重分析,拉伸性能测试以及静态热稳定性分析,研究其增塑效果及协同作用,并与增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)及热稳定剂硬脂酸钙锌盐进行对比。结果表明,含有20份CA增塑剂及OMFCTS热稳定剂的PVC增塑体系的玻璃化转变温度及储能模量低于PVC/DOP增塑体系;热失重10%及50%的温度明显升高,第一最大失重速率温度和第二最大失重速率温度基本保持不变;断裂伸长率提高到了248.66%,拉伸强度降至5.84 MPa;静态热稳定时间可延长到50 min以上。综上可知,CA增塑剂及OMFCTS热稳定剂联用,可有效改善PVC共混体系的相容性、力学性能及热稳定性,提高制品的综合应用性能及环保性。     

环保型钙锌复合热稳定剂与增塑剂在 PVC中的协效作用研究

将生物基增塑剂橡胶籽油基环氧脂肪酸甲酯（ERSO）与热稳定剂油脂源多聚脂肪酸基钙锌（OMFCTS）复配,以β-二酮作辅助热稳定剂,改性聚氯乙烯（PVC）,通过热老化烘箱法、刚果红法、热重分析（TGA）、热重红外联用（TGA-FTIR）分析、热重质谱联用（TGA-MS）分析、力学性能测试及动态力学性能分析（DMA）考察了改性PVC的热稳定性及力学性能,并对8个配方改性后PVC的性能进行了对比。结果表明：与DOP/CaSt₂/ZnSt₂、DOP/OMFCTS和ERSO/CaSt₂/ZnSt₂体系相比,ERSO/OMFCTS体系的热稳定性最优,力学性能较好,改性PVC的玻璃化转变温度（38.2℃）最低,拉伸断裂伸长率达265.6%;静态热稳定时间（200℃）最长（46'21"）。ERSO和OMFCTS具有良好的协同作用,二者可有效替代传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）及热稳定剂硬脂酸钙锌（CaSt₂/ZnSt₂）。     

Polyblends. I. Mechanical properties of polyblends of butadiene–acrylonitrile elastomers and copolymers of vinyl stearate and vinyl chloride

Several nitrile rubber elastomers were polyblended, across the composition range, with selected polymeric compositions containing vinyl chloride. The compositions incorporated were (a) bulk poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); (b) copolymers of vinyl stearate and vinyl chloride containing, respectively, 0.21, 0.36, and 0.47 weight fraction of the vinyl ester; and (c) mixtures containing the same weight fractions of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) with PVC. Mechanical, viscoelastic, optical, and volatility properties were studied on all blends in this first paper. To accurately compare the mechanical properties of polyblends of different systems, a criterion of mechanical equivalence was taken as the observance of similar stresses at break for compositions selected to have identical 100% moduli. Optimum mechanical equivalence, therefore, occurred at the largest ratios of 100% modulus to break stress for all systems compared. Optimum mechanical property equivalence was observed for NBR blends with PVC and for similar blends of both internally and externally plasticized systems containing 0.21 weight fraction of plasticizer. However, considerably more nitrile rubber was needed for PVC blends to acquire the properties of the plasticized systems. Mechanical equivalence was observed, but was not optimum for systems having more plasticizer because tensile strengths were lower. Polyblending with NBR improved the toughness and low-temperature properties of starting vinyl stearate copolymers. Improved toughness was indicated by the expansion of areas under stress–strain curves. Refractive index matching appeared to explain the transparency of the best films and their relative freedom from haze. On heating at 85°C, poly(vinyl chloride) and the copolymer polyblends suffered no volatility loss. Volatility of DOP from the blends was 1.5 times greater than for PVC–DOP mixtures. Because modulus–temperature curves and mechanical T_g values of the filler component shifted with composition, the mechanical behavior of these blends was in harmony with an accepted standard of interdomain compatibility.     

The effect of low levels of plasticizer on the rheological and mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride/newsprint-fiber composites

Plasticizers play a key role in the formulation of semirigid and flexible PVC and in determining their physical properties and processability. This study examines the effects of the low phr levels of plasticizer (DOP) on the rheological and mechanical properties of rigid and semi-rigid PVC/newsprint-fiber composites. Mechanical and rheological properties of unfilled PVC compounds and PVC/newsprint-fiber composites at 45 phr were compared over the range of 0 to 15 phr of DOP plasticizer. Analyses of data using SAS procedures of ANOVA were also conducted to discern the effects of concentration of plasticizer on these properties. The following conclusions were reached: (1) DOP was relatively ineffective in improving melt flow index of the composites compared to unfilled PVC. (2) The composites were significantly inferior in tensile strength at yield and stiffer than unfilled PVC. The differences observed were roughly the same over the DOP range studied. (3) Elongation at break and toughness (break energy) were lower for the composites and were essentially independent of DOP level, whereas there was a significant improvement for unfilled PVC over the DOP range studied. (4) Impact strengths of the composites and unfilled PVC were essentially comparable up to about 11.25 phr of DOP. However, at 15 phr DOP, impact strength of the composite was far inferior to that of unfilled PVC. (5) The well-known antiplasticization effect was noted for unfilled PVC, as well as to some extent for the filled PVC.     

丁腈橡胶/聚氯乙烯共混胶

探讨了丁腈橡胶(NBR)中的结合丙烯腈质量分数、NBR／聚氯乙烯(PVC)(质量比,下同)、增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)用量、PVC聚合度对NBR／PVC共混胶性能的影响,研究了NBR／低聚合度PVC共混胶的力学性能及加工流动性能。结果表明,随着NBR中结合丙烯腈质量分数的增加,NBR／PVC共混胶的耐油性能明显增强,力学性能也相应有所改善;NBR／PVC为80／20～60／40时．NBR／PVC共混胶的综合性能较好;DOP用量对NBR／PVC共混胶性能的影响不大;聚合度为700的PVC更适合于生产NBR／PVC共混胶,其力学性能、加工流动性能、耐老化性能与德国Bayer公司生产的牌号为Perbunan NT／VC3470B的NBR／PVC共混胶相当。     

Application of Poly(butylenes 2-methylsuccinate) as Migration Resistant Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

The bio-based and biodegradable polyester poly(butylenes 2-methylsuccinate) (PBM) was successfully used as a polymeric plasticizer to modify poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in this work. The tensile properties, plasticization efficiency estimated by the lowered glass transition temperature and the enhanced elongation at break of the PVC/PBM blends and the migration stability of the PBM were investigated. It was indicated that the migration-resistant property of PVC plasticized with PBM was greatly superior to that with dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Furthermore, the tensile properties were comparable to that of PVC/DOP, indicating that the environmentally friendly PBM can be used as an alternative plasticizer to remove the potential health risks from migrating phthalates during applications.     

Plastification of poly(vinyl chloride) by polymer blending

Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with different copolymers have been studied to obtain a plasticized PVC with improved properties and the absence of plasticizer migration. The copolymers used as plasticizers in the blends were acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and ethylene-acrylic copolymer (E-Acry). Blends were studied with regard to their processing, miscibility, and mechanical properties, as a function of blend and copolymer composition. The results obtained were compared with those of equivalent compositions in the PVC/dioctyl phthalate (DOP) system. Better results than PVC/DOP were obtained for PVC/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends. The plasticizing effect on PVC of EVA and E-Acry copolymers was similar to that of DOP. It is shown that crosslinking PVC/E-Acry blends or increasing the vinyl acetate content in PVC/EVA blends, are alternatives that can increase the compatibility and mechanical properties of these blends. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1303–1312, 2000