正交傅里叶—梅林矩变换在光学模式识别中的应用

本文中研究了正交傅里叶－梅林矩变换在光学模式识别中的应用，并用正交傅里叶－梅林矩变换表示了平移，比例，旋转，强度这四种畸变。通过适当的归化处理，正交傅里叶－梅林舐换能解决所有这四种畸变不变识别。此外，研究了基于正交傅里叶－梅林矩变换的光学相关模式识别的实现问题。     

畸变测量中应用窗口傅里叶变换载频条纹分析

为了测量光学成像系统的径向畸变,提出了基于伸缩窗口傅里叶变换空间载频条纹相位分析的测量新方法.畸变分布测量转化为调制相位测量.首先,将纵向朗奇基准光栅作为模板,通过成像系统成为变形光栅即畸变像.接着采用伸缩窗口傅里叶变换提取畸变载频光栅条纹中心无畸变点的基频和相位信息,获得理想无畸变像的基频成分,然后对变形载频光栅条纹进行频谱分析,滤波提取基频信息、逆傅里叶变换、相位解包,提取径向调制相位分布,计算畸变图像的径向位置畸变分布.最后利用该径向位置畸变分布规律和双线性插值灰度重建对畸变图像进行校正.详细的理论分析和实验结果证明,该方法是可行的.     

基于时频分析技术的激光超声Lamb波模式识别

利用傅里叶变换、短时傅里叶变换及希尔伯特一黄变换对激光激发的Lamb波进行模式识别,并对分析结果进行比较、分析。结果表明：傅里叶变换和短时傅里叶变换只能识别出能量较大的模式;而利用希尔伯特一黄变换可同时识别出能量较大和能量较小的模式。该研究为激光超声检测技术提供了研究基础。     

分数傅里叶变换的数字仿真研究

本文介绍了一种可用故障特征提取的方法－分数值里叶变换，首称，对分数傅里叶变换的定义和基本性质作了简单的说明，并分析了该方法与时频分析听Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ分布的关系，其次给出了分数傅里变换的快速算法，最后，通过数字仿真对分数傅里叶变换的实现和应用特点进行了初步探讨。     

傅里叶与小波变换的电力谐波测试性能研究

简述傅里叶变换和小波变换的基本原理,在Matlab平台上设计傅里叶变换模块和小波变换模块。针对含有突变干扰、白噪音干扰等常见工程电力信号,通过实验系统研究傅里叶变换、小波变换的频域和时频分析特性。实验结果表明,傅里叶变换能较好地测试出信号的谐波成分,小波变换具有良好的信号频段分析特性。根据这些特点,探讨傅里叶变换、小波变换各自的适用场合,以便高效利用这两种方法分析电力谐波成份,为治理谐波奠定基础。     

微波辐照对HDPE在Al/HDPE/Al界面层结晶结构影响的研究

采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（ATR－FTIR）和薄膜X射线衍射（TF－XRD）方法，研究了微波辐照对聚乙烯（HDPE）在Al/HDPE/Al界面层结晶结构的影响，结果表明，微波辐照可实现HDPE界面层晶区部分的正交晶形向六方晶形转变，增大正交晶昌形晶粒尺寸和无序程序，随界面层深度增加，微波对HDPE晶形结构的影响逐渐减弱。     

傅里叶变换物镜像差理论及其设计方法

本文论述傅里叶变换物镜的像差理论和设计方法,从像差理论上来论证实现光学系统前后焦面均校正像差的可能性,以及实现傅里叶变换的光学透镜应当采取的结构型式。文中例举了二种结构型式的设计方法。     

光全息中傅里叶变换透镜设计

针对光学全息再现像质较差,本文提出四片式近似全对称傅里叶变换透镜的设计.该设计根据电寻址液晶和CCD对傅里叶变换透镜的匹配要求确定设计参数.为了缩短总长,系统采用双远距结构,并利用ZEMAX自动设计软件进行优化设计.将设计结果应用于实验,获得了清晰的光学全息再现像.实验结果表明,该设计的各项指标与实验系统相匹配,具有结...     

无透镜全息光学元件匹配空间滤波波长比例相关器

本文描述了一种比例相关器光学图样识别系统。该系统中,一种无透镜匹配空间滤波器(其第二个傅里叶变换透镜和匹配空间滤波器记录于同一块板上)跟第一个博里叶变换透镜一起使用,而第一个傅里叶变换透镜也是一种全息光学元件。以一种波长记录匹配空间滤波器,以另一种波长得到相关。文中还报道其实验证明和输出相光信噪比数据,并就系统使用常规光学元件与使用全息元件时的噪声量进行了比较。     

基于多分辨分析的时频分析

短时傅里叶变换由于采用固定宽度的时域窗，在缓变与瞬变信号共存的宽频带信号分析中，其时间与频率分辨力矛盾突出。采用Mallat算法的小波变换能够将信号正交分解成多尺度的信号分量，然而所提供的时频信息不很直观，难以识别其时频谱。通过对短时傅里叶变换和小波变换在时频分析中的优缺点分析，发现两者具有互补性。因此本文提出基于多分辨分析的短时傅里叶变换（取名为WAVSTFT），即采用Mallat算法将信号分解成多个尺度信号分量，再对各分量分别做与其尺度相适应的短时傅里叶变换，最后把得到的各时频谱在同一个不相平面上叠加，从而得到信号的总体时频构造。经理论分析与实例验证，该方法有效可行，为工程测试中的时频分析提供了一种有效的手段。     

Adaptive pattern recognition with rotation, scale, and shift invariance

Mutually orthogonal pattern distortions are handled by an adaptive optical recognition system. A double-channel system is presented that implements pattern recognition with rotation, scale, and shift invariance. The recognition process is based on a two-stage operation: An object-independent determination of one distortion parameter (the scale, in the example presented here) is performed, and then the recognition is completed by a shift- and rotation-invariant optical correlator that is adapted to the measured parameter. Thus, complete invariance to three distortion parameters is achieved by the combination of two channels. The overall process is performed efficiently and can be executed in real time.     

Real filter based on Mellin radial harmonics for scale-invariant pattern recognition

Several theoretical and experimental studies are developed in order to simplify the construction of filters based on Mellin radial harmonics (MRH) for scale-invariant pattern recognition. A real filter based on MRH is designed. The impulse response of the filter is a hermitic function, obtained by a suitable modification of a MRH component. This real filter has the same scale invariance as the conventional complex MRH filters, with the main advantage of its simplicity. Both computer simulations and optical experiments are presented.     

Fast numerically stable computation of orthogonal Fourier?Mellin moments

An efficient algorithm for the computation of the orthogonal Fourier-Mellin moments (OFMMs) is presented. The proposed method computes the fractional parts of the orthogonal polynomials, which consist of fractional terms, recursively, by eliminating the number of factorial calculations. The recursive computation of the fractional terms makes the overall computation of the OFMMs a very fast procedure in comparison with the conventional direct method. Actually, the computational complexity of the proposed method is linear O(p) in multiplications, with p being the moment order, while the corresponding complexity of the direct method is O(p²). Moreover, this recursive algorithm has better numerical behaviour, as it arrives at an overflow situation much later than the original one and does not introduce any finite precision errors. These are the two major advantages of the algorithm introduced in the current work, establishing the computation of the OFMMs to a very high order as a quite easy and achievable task. Appropriate simulations on images of different sizes justify the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional algorithm currently used     

散斑分数傅里叶联合变换相关测量研究

提出数字散斑联合变换分数相关测量方法,利用分数相关可以锐化相关峰的作用,在数字散斑联合变换相关运算中用分数傅里叶变换代替傅里叶变换,提高测量精度。通过对散斑图像进行相位调制,有效地解决了分数傅里叶变换的移变性带来的谱移问题。编程模拟和对拉伸试件位移场测量的结果表明,只要选择合适的分数傅里叶变换级次和相位调制函数,可以使相关峰的半宽度从4～5pixel锐化到仅1pixel,得到优于傅里叶变换相关的理想输出。     

傅里叶变换同轴数字全息记录余弦变换谱系数

余弦变换广泛应用于图像和视频的压缩编码以及模式识别之中。余弦变换为实偶对称的傅里叶变换,把实偶对称物体传送到位于傅里叶变换透镜前焦面的空间光调制器上,采用单色均匀平面激光光波照射,则在后焦面上为光波复振幅分布为实偶对称物体的傅里叶变换,即为物体的余弦变换。由于余弦变换谱系数既有正实数又有负实数,提出了采用傅里叶变换同轴数字全息方法记录余弦变换谱系数,通过把数字全息图减去参考光光强和物光光强而得到余弦变换系数。理论推导和实验结果表明了该方法的可行性,该方法可应用于图像的快速余弦变换。     

Optical implementation of the weighted sliced orthogonal nonlinear generalized correlation for nonuniform illumination conditions

Optical pattern recognition under variations of illumination is an important issue. The sliced orthogonal nonlinear generalized (SONG) correlation has been proposed as an optical pattern recognition tool to discriminate with high efficiency between objects. But, at the same time, the SONG correlation is very sensitive to gray-scale image variations. In a previous work, we expanded the definition ofthe SONG correlation to the Weighted SONG (WSONG) correlation to modify the discrimination capability in a controlled way. Here, we propose to use the WSONG when pattern recognition is obtained by means of optical correlation under nonuniform illumination. The calculation of the WSONG correlation requires the summation of many linear correlations between binary images. To implement it optically, we use a time sequential joint transform correlator.     

Real object recognition using moment invariants

Moments and functions of moments have been extensively employed as invariant global features of images in pattern recognition. In this study, a flexible recognition system that can compute the good features for high classification of 3-D real objects is investigated. For object recognition, regardless of orientation, size and position, feature vectors are computed with the help of nonlinear moment invariant functions. Representations of objects using two-dimensional images that are taken from different angles of view are the main features leading us to our objective. After efficient feature extraction, the main focus of this study, the recognition performance of classifiers in conjunction with moment-based feature sets, is introduced     

Syntactic pattern recognition based on spectrum of spectra

From Fourier optics it follows that it is possible to obtain a Fourier transform of an amplitude distribution in a transparency readily. In intermediate planes an interpolation between the signal and its Fourier spectrum is available. Some pattern recognition schemes may work better in one of these intermediate domains than in the time or the frequency domain. A syntactic pattern recognition scheme to achieve seismic discrimination among various hydrocarbon regimes was set up. It used autoregressive parameters as pattern primitives and defined an alphabet based on clusturing in the space of these primitives. Classification was conducted on the basis of nearest neighbour rule using Levenshtein distance between alphabetical strings. The pattern recognition scheme worked equally well in time and frequency domains for the unlabelled seismograms chosen and results for the intermediate domains were inferior. But the morphology of discrimination can be better studied with the help of Levenshtein triangles and as these triangles are very different for the different domains, the point that the interpolation between time and frequency domain is advantageous is definitely established. The comments made by Prof D Guptasarma of the National Geophysical Research Institute on an earlier presentation of these ideas have been useful.     

Image analysis by fast improved radial harmonic-Fourier moments algorithm

Radial harmonic-Fourier moments (RHFMs) are popular for image reconstruction and invariant pattern recognition due to their properties of translation, scaling and rotation invariant. RHFMs possess lower computation complexity as compared to Zernike moments and Bessel-Fourier moments. However, they always suffer from discontinuity, numerical instability near the center of image, and reconstruction error, especially have a rise for higher order of moments. In this paper, an improvement of radial harmonic-Fourier moments (IRHFMs) is proposed for effectively avoiding the above-mentioned problems.In this paper, a 2D fast Fourier transform algorithm also is applied to the image matrix to obtain the IRHFMs. Simulation experimental results demonstrate the proposed IRHFMs perform better than traditional RHFMs and other classic orthogonal moments including the latest image moments, for example, polar harmonic Fourier moments in terms of the image reconstruction capability and rotation invariant recognition accuracy in noise-free and noisy conditions.     

Principle of a two-output-difference interferometer for removing the most important interference distortions

This paper presents a two-output-difference interferometer for removing the most important interference distortions caused by nonlinear detectors. These distortions can be removed not only because the resulting interferogram is composed of the difference between the signals of the two detectors, but also because the modulated signals at each output have the same amplitude and opposite phases. Due to the use of two corner-cube mirrors fixed as a single moving element, the tilt and shearing problem will disappear. The effect of the corner-cube mirror deviation angle and the plane mirror tilt angle are investigated in detail, and the formulas of their tolerance are derived by means of modulation depth and phase error. The advantage of the interferometer enables it to be suitable for Fourier transform spectrometers.