锥束螺旋CT半覆盖扫描重建

锥束螺旋CT能够解决长物体的检测问题,但其视场直径受限于面板探测器的宽度。为扩大锥束螺旋CT的视场直径,提出了一种螺旋CT视场区域半覆盖扫描的重建方法。扫描时,转台首先沿垂直于中心射线和转轴的方向平移一定距离,然后用普通螺旋CT的扫描方式来获得需要的投影数据。接着,利用推广的偏心锥束螺旋FDK算法进行重建,推广后的重建算法与标准的螺旋FDK算法具有同样的计算效率,而且不需要重排投影数据。实验结果表明,锥束螺旋CT半覆盖扫描能够将锥束螺旋CT的视场半径扩大1.86倍;重建图像的质量与使用大面板探测器全覆盖的标准FDK算法基本相当;由于投影数据量的减少,锥束螺旋CT半覆盖扫描的重建时间比使用大面板探测器的标准FDK算法减少了376.66s。因此,锥束螺旋CT的半覆盖扫描可以有效扩大视场直径,且具有较高的计算效率和较少的重建时间。     

重排的半覆盖螺旋锥束CT的反投影滤波重建

由于传统的螺旋锥束CT系统采用的扫描方法使视场范围受到限制,本文深入分析了螺旋锥束CT的半覆盖扫描方式,提出了螺旋锥束半覆盖扫描的重建算法。该扫描方式只要求射线束覆盖物体横截面的一半以上,探测器的宽度和投影数据量大约是传统螺旋锥束CT的一半,从而节约了探测器的成本。结合扇形束投影的特点和二维反投影滤波(BPF)来实现这种横向截断投影的重建,研究了重排的加权BPF重建方法。该方法首先根据重建的层将半覆盖的螺旋锥束CT投影数据重排为半覆盖的扇形束CT投影,然后用加权的扇形束BPF算法进行重建。同传统视场区域横截面全覆盖的FDK算法相比,该方法即使在大螺距的情况下其重建结果也更接近于真实值,而且均方误差减少了一半,重建时间节约了3/5。     

锥束螺旋CT半覆盖扫描的重建算法

目的：锥束螺旋CT能够解决长物体的检测问题,但是它的视场直径受限于面板探测器的宽度。为扩大锥束螺旋CT的视场直径,本文研究了一种视场区域半覆盖扫描的螺旋CT扫描方法和相应的重建方法。方法：扫描时,转台沿垂直于中心射线的方向水平平移一定距离,然后用普通螺旋CT的扫描方式即可获得需要的投影。重建时,利用推广的偏心锥束螺旋FDK（Feldkamp-Davis-Kress）算法,推广后的重建算法与标准的螺旋FDK算法具有同样的计算效率,而且不需要重排投影数据。结果：实验结果表明,本文提出的扫描方法能够将螺旋锥束CT的视场半径扩大0.86倍;重建图像的质量与使用大探测器全覆盖的标准FDK算法基本相当;由于投影数据量的减少,使重建时间比使用大探测器的标准FDK减少了376.66秒。结论：锥束螺旋CT的半覆盖扫描可以有效扩大视场直径,且具有较高的计算效率和较少的重建时间。     

基于切片轮廓重投影的锥束CT射束硬化校正方法

根据锥束CT射束硬化机理.提出一种基于切片轮廓重投影的锥束CT射束硬化校正新方法.该方法从原始投影图像重建的序列切片图像中得到中心切片和斜切片的轮廓信息,然后根据实际扫描时的锥束CT成像系统参数建立重投影坐标系,通过射线与切片轮廓重投影到平板探测器上的求交计算,得到射线穿越物体长度与投影灰度之间的对应关系,最后拟合射束硬化曲线并校正射束硬化伪影.仿真与实际校正结果均表明,该方法可简单有效地消除锥束CT的射束硬化伪影.     

基于椭球包围盒的锥束CT三维加权重建算法

提高锥束CT大锥角圆轨道扫描下的重建图像质量一直是CT成像技术的重要研究方向。分析了圆轨道扫描下Radon空间的Z向数据缺失特点和FDK算法的灰度下降规律,提出了一种基于椭球包围盒的锥束CT三维加权重建算法。该算法无需重排,只需利用投影数据获取重建物体的最小包围盒,并根据其内接椭球的大小和空间位置自动生成三维加权函数,在反投影阶段加入该加权函数即可实现。该算法不会引入其他伪影,计算量增加很小,并且在中心层与FDK算法等价。仿真扫描实验表明,该算法显著提高了FDK算法的准确性,减小了锥角伪影。     

基于SIMD技术的锥束ART算法快速并行图像重建

ART(algebraic reconstruction technique)算法是一种迭代图像重建方法,适合于大型工业构件的无损检测,其缺点是计算量大、重建时间长。为了提高锥束ART算法的重建速度,本文提出一种快速并行图像重建方法。首先根据锥束CT扫描方式下三维射线的对称性提出一种权因子和体素索引的并行计算方法,通过一次计算可同时得到两条射线的权因子和体素索引;然后采用Intel处理器的单指令多数据(single instruction multiple data,SIMD)技术,一次性加载多个打包数据,利用SSE(streamingSIMD extension)指令实现了投影、计算图像校正和反投影的并行运算。实验结果表明本文提出的方法非常有效,在保证图像重建精度的同时取得了约1.5倍的重建加速比。     

一种锥束CT散射场检测优化方法

针对采用射束衰减网格的散射校正方法需额外增加较大扫描量的问题,提出了基于局部极值点扫描的检测优化方法,首先采集少鼍用于计算散射图像的辅助投影图像,然后采用三次样条插值由少量不同扫描角度的散射图像计算出完整的圆周扫描散射图像集,最后通过与原方法获取的散射图像及散射校正切片图像的对比分析,评估该方法的可行性与可靠性.实验结果表明,该方法仅需获取原方法1/20的散射图像即可完成锥束CT的散射校正,使扫描效率提高了47.6%,同时将散射校正切片误差控制在1%之内.     

一种短裂纹群CT仿真投影获取新方法

短裂纹尺寸一般在几微米到几十微米之间，低于目前工业CT的最小分辨率，无法被检测出来。基于CT仿真系统，利用结构实体几何模型，提出了一种短裂纹的模拟方法：为适合CT仿真系统的扫描精度，先模拟比实际尺寸大的短裂纹群，获取该短裂纹群的CT投影数据，然后把该图像数据利用像素合并的方法缩小到实际尺寸，间接得到实际尺寸的短裂纹群CT仿真投影图像。利用该短裂纹模拟和间接CT投影结果可进一步研究CT重建和疲劳寿命分析等。试验证明，该方法能得到较为真实的短裂纹群CT投影数据。     

短裂纹模拟及其CT仿真投影获取方法研究

短裂纹尺寸一般都在几个微米到几十个微米之间,已低于目前工业CT的最小分辨率,无法被检测出来。基于CT仿真系统,利用结构实体几何模型,设计了一种短裂纹的模拟方法以及其仿真投影数据的获取方法。首先仿真高于实际尺寸数倍的短裂纹群,以达到CT仿真系统的扫描精度,扫描获取该短裂纹群的CT投影数据;之后把该图像数据利用像素合并法缩小到实际尺寸,然后把缩小的CT图像合并,此时便得到了实际尺寸的短裂纹群CT仿真投影图像。利用该结果可以进行下一步的CT重建和疲劳寿命分析等方面的研究。试验证明该方法能得到较为真实的短裂纹群CT投影数据。     

基于线框模型的锥束CT几何参数校正方法

锥束CT几何参数偏差会导致重建图像畸变或图像模糊。针对工程实际中锥束CT系统初装和应用中的几何参数偏差与漂移,提出了一种改进的基于线框模型的几何参数测量与校正方法。通过对探测器两次不同径向位置的线框模型投影图像进行分析和处理,计算出源-探测器距离及源-旋转中心距离,并确定探测器纵向位置;通过对模型在两次互为180°的投影图像分析,确定探测器横向位置;在此基础上,根据模型参数及其投影图像的测量值求解其他几何参数;最后,用物体投影数据进行带参数重建,获得校正后的重建图像。实验结果表明,该方法能精确求解各几何参数偏差,通过校正可有效减少图像伪影,其主要参数探测器绕其法线旋转角的测量精度可达到0.03°,探测器沿其行和列方向的平移测量精度分别可达到0.03和0.06 pixel,其抗噪性好精度高。同时,该方法降低了对模型安装精度的严格要求,有较高工程实用价值。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.