白光日冕仪光学系统的杂散光抑制

为满足日冕仪对杂散光抑制的苛刻要求,通过分析日冕仪的工作原理和结构特点,设计了白光日冕仪光学系统,系统观测范围为2.5～15 R⊙,角分辨率为14″,口径为30 mm,焦距为200 mm,系统总长为1 080 mm;其中光学系统长370 mm,37 pl/mm的MTF值＞0.5.分析了直射太阳光、太阳光在外掩体D1边缘的衍射光、视场光阑A1边缘的衍射光、以及物镜组O1各表面多次反射带来的系统杂散光的特点,利用多个光阑互相共轭的空间位置关系,设计了相应的杂散光抑制结构,从而完全抑制了系统的4个主要杂散光光源产生的杂散光,使系统整体杂散光抑制水平达到10-8～10-10 B⊙,满足了日冕仪光学系统对杂散光抑制的要求.     

用于高精度卫星姿态测量的大相对孔径 高杂光抑制比星敏感器光学设计

星敏感器是卫星高精度空间姿态测量与飞行控制的关键仪器。 针对低阈值星等、大视场等特殊需求,设计了焦距 55 mm,相对孔径 1 / 1. 1,视场角 17°×17°的星敏感器光学系统。 基于无热玻璃图方法,通过光学玻璃材料与机械结构材料的 温度特性匹配优化,实现了光学被动式无热化设计。 完成两级遮光罩与挡光环的消杂光结构设计,利用非序列光线追迹完 成视场内成像光线鬼像分布与视场外杂散光仿真分析与计算。 结果表明,星敏感器光学系统各视场弥散斑半径 RMS 小于 4. 5 μm,2×2 像元内能量集中度≥96% ,-35℃ ~ 45℃ 大温差下各视场的 MTF 在截止频率处均大于 0. 6,畸变优于 0. 05% 。 45°规避角外杂光 PST 达到 10 -8 量级,像面处各阶鬼像光斑半径均大于 0. 8 mm。 星敏感器光学成像质量与杂光抑制满足高 精度姿态测量要求。     

折反式眼底相机光学系统设计

为控制传统眼底相机的杂光和鬼像,设计了一款40°视场、48mm工作距离的折反式眼底相机光学系统。设计了离轴反射式网膜物镜,引入了自由曲面以校正其离轴像差,成像物镜中采用两个自由曲面对网膜物镜的剩余像差进行校正。建立了一种离焦眼模型,用于优化成像光路,消除人眼像差对成像的影响,同时得到不同视度缺陷眼的成像光路。照明光路中使用3个相邻的环形光阑,减少了眼球光学系统反射的杂光。成像光学系统可在-10～+10m-1调焦,物方各视场分辨率为33lp/mm,系统畸变小于8.5%;照明光学系统在不产生鬼像的前提下,可均匀照明眼底,照度非均匀性在15%以内。实验表明,引入自由曲面的折反式眼底相机,有效地消除了杂光和鬼像,满足大视场和大工作距离的要求。     

Design of optical system for catadioptric fundus camera

为控制传统眼底相机的杂光和鬼像,设计了一款40°视场、48 mm工作距离的折反式眼底相机光学系统.设计了离轴反射式网膜物镜,引入了自由曲面以校正其离轴像差,成像物镜中采用两个自由曲面对网膜物镜的剩余像差进行校正.建立了一种离焦眼模型,用于优化成像光路,消除人眼像差对成像的影响,同时得到不同视度缺陷眼的成像光路.照明光路中使用3个相邻的环形光阑,减少了眼球光学系统反射的杂光.成像光学系统可在-10～+10 m-1调焦,物方各视场分辨率为33 lp/mm,系统畸变小于8.5％;照明光学系统在不产生鬼像的前提下,可均匀照明眼底,照度非均匀性在15％以内.实验表明,引入自由曲面的折反式眼底相机,有效地消除了杂光和鬼像,满足大视场和大工作距离的要求.     

光学系统中杂光分析

光学系统的杂散光极易在系统内形成多个鬼像 ,这不仅严重影响光束质量和传输特性 ,并可能对系统光学元件造成永久性损伤。提出了一种基于光线追迹基础的分析光学系统杂光影响的有效方法 ,建立适合各类光学系统杂散光及鬼像分析的数理模型。编制了专门的杂散光分析软件 ,通过计算机光路模拟 ,对光学系统中的鬼光束进行全面、系统分析 ,可得出系统鬼像及关键元件处的能量密度 ,从而在光学系统设计阶段排除鬼像的潜在危害     

基于平面对称光学系统像差理论的折反射全景成像系统优化设计

全景成像技术在机器人、计算机视觉和虚拟现实领域有着重要的应用,与此同时也对其成像质量提出更高的要求。然而,对于此类大视场系统的设计较多地停留在光线追迹的方法,没有出现能对大视场像差进行参量化设计的方法。现将平面对称光学系统像差理论应用于此系统,得到关于光学参数的像质评价函数,采用差分进化算法解决多变量评价函数的优化问题,实现了一种折反射全景成像系统的优化设计,并用Zemax光线追迹软件证实了理论的正确性。结果表明,此类系统可以采用平面对称光学系统像差理论来优化设计,该思路是正确有效的。     

中高轨星光折射导航光学系统设计及杂散光抑制

为了实现基于大视场星光折射敏感器的中高轨卫星全天时高精度星光折射导航,针对视场中亮地球引起的强杂散光抑制的技术难题,研究了内掩式星光折射敏感器亮地球杂散光的有效抑制方法。通过构建星光折射敏感器模型、搭建星光折射导航仿真观测环境以及原理计算得出了各级杂散光强度,并确定了相应的抑制方法。仿真结果表明,基于二次成像光学系统的内掩式星光折射敏感器可将杂散光抑制在导航系统的最大可接受杂散光抑制值范围内,即抑制后1.003Re(Re为地球半径)处杂散光亮度小于亮地球平均亮度的1.10×10~(-3)倍。最后,通过月球强背景下恒星探测外场试验验证了杂散光分析及抑制方法的可行性。研究成果为实现基于一个大视场星光折射敏感器的中高轨卫星全天时高精度星光折射导航技术奠定了基础。     

立体成像眼底相机光学系统设计

为了实现从不同角度同时拍摄同一眼底视网膜区域的图像,使采用双目立体视觉法进行眼底三维重建成为可能,设计了一种免散瞳立体成像眼底相机光学系统。该光学系统由成像系统和照明系统两部分组成,在成像系统中,使用Gullstrand-Le Grand眼模型来模拟正常人眼,运用体视显微镜成像原理进行分光设计;在照明系统中,通过设置黑点板的方式消除网膜物镜产生的杂散光,并加入环形光阑以避免角膜反射光的产生。设计结果表明,本立体成像眼底相机光学系统截止频率在95lp/mm处各视场的MTF值均大于0.2,成像系统畸变小于-3%,场曲值小于0.1mm,色差矫正良好,并且具有较强的调焦能力,能对-10~+5m~(-1)的人眼清晰成像。     

曲面复眼成像系统的研究

研究了两种曲面复眼成像系统,并首次将曲面场镜阵列引入曲面复眼成像系统,使其边缘视场的成像质量进一步提高,视场角进一步加大。进行了成像系统的建模以及光线追迹,两种结构的视场角分别达到60°和88°,整个系统的体积分别为0.9 mm×0.9 mm×0.5 mm和0.9 mm×0.9 mm×0.75 mm。文中给出了用激光直写设备在曲面基底上进行光刻来制作曲面微透镜阵列的方法。     

鱼眼镜头光学系统的优化方法

在鱼眼镜头成像系统中,光线以很大的入射角打在前组透镜表面时往往会造成严重的像差,为了压缩超大视场角,提出应用非球面前组负弯月型透镜来控制鱼眼镜头系统的像差。基于光学前组具有平面对称的成像特性,应用平面对称光学系统像差理论发展的评价函数,对非球面系数及其他的系统结构参数进行优化设计。应用评价函数及Zemax光线追迹成像模拟对优化系统进行评估。研究表明,应用非球面组负弯月型透镜能够显著地提高鱼眼镜头的成像质量。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.