增强成对旋转不变的共生扩展局部二值模式

目的 针对成对旋转不变的共生局部二值模式（PRICoLBP）算法对图像光照、旋转变化鲁棒性较差,且存在特征维度过大的问题,提出了一种可融合多种局部纹理结构信息的有效特征——增强成对旋转不变的共生扩展局部二值模式。方法 首先,对图像各像素点的邻域像素点灰度值进行二值量化得到二值编码序列,并不断旋转二值序列得到以不同邻域点作为编码起始点对应的LBP值;然后,分别利用极大、极小LBP值对应的邻域起始编码点和中心像素点确定两个方向矢量,并沿这两个方向矢量在两个不同尺度图像上选取上下文共生点;其次,利用扩展局部二值模式（ELBP）算法的旋转不变均匀描述子来提取上下文共生点对的中心像素灰度级、邻域像素灰度级及径向灰度差异特征间的相关性信息;最后,用上下文共生点对的特征直方图训练卡方核支持向量机,检测纹理图像类别。结果 通过对Brodatz、Outex （TC10、TC12）、Outex （TC14）、CUReT、KTH-TIPS和UIUC纹理库的分类实验,改进算法的识别率比原始的PRICoLBP算法识别率分别提高了0.32%、0.57%、5.62%、3.34%、2.1%、4.75%。结论 利用像素点LBP特征极值对应的起始编码序列来选取上下共生点对,并用ELBP算法提取共生点对局部纹理信息,故本文方法能更好描述共生点对间的高阶曲率信息及更多局部纹理信息。在具光照、旋转变化的Outex、CUReT、KTH-TIPS纹理库图像分类实验中,所提方法比原始PRICoLBP算法取得了更高的识别率。实验结果表明,改进算法相比于原始算法能在较低的特征维度下对图像光照、旋转变化具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Multi-structure local binary patterns for texture classification

Recently, the local binary patterns (LBP) have been widely used in the texture classification. The LBP methods obtain the binary pattern by comparing the gray scales of pixels on a small circular region with the gray scale of their central pixel. The conventional LBP methods only describe microstructures of texture images, such as edges, corners, spots and so on, although many of them show good performances on the texture classification. This situation still could not be changed, even though the multi-resolution analysis technique is adopted by LBP methods. Moreover, the circular sampling region limits the ability of the conventional LBP methods in describing anisotropic features. In this paper, we change the shape of sampling region and get an extended LBP operator. And a multi-structure local binary pattern (Ms-LBP) operator is achieved by executing the extended LBP operator on different layers of an image pyramid. Thus, the proposed method is simple yet efficient to describe four types of structures: isotropic microstructure, isotropic macrostructure, anisotropic microstructure and anisotropic macrostructure. We demonstrate the performance of our method on two public texture databases: the Outex and the CUReT. The experimental results show the advantages of the proposed method.     

Local directional derivative pattern for rotation invariant texture classification

Local binary pattern (LBP) is a simple and efficient operator to describe local image pattern. It could be regarded as a binary representation of 1st order derivative between the central and its neighbors. Based on LBP definition, in this paper, a framework of local directional derivative pattern (LDDP) is proposed which could represent high order directional derivative feature, and LBP is a special case of LDDP. Under the proposed framework, like traditional LBP, rotation invariance could be easily defined. As different order derivative information contains complementary features, better recognition accuracy could be achieved by combining different order LDDPs which is validated by two large public texture databases, Outex and CUReT.     

成对旋转不变的共生自适应完全局部三值模式

针对成对旋转不变的共生局部二值模式（PRICoLBP）旋转不变性较差及其相关改进算法EPRICoELBP对光照变化和噪声干扰较为敏感的问题,提出了一种增强成对旋转不变的共生自适应阈值完全局部三值模式。通过自适应阈值局部三值模式（ALTP）将图像分成Upper和Lower模式;分别在两种模式中找出像素点LBP特征极大、极小值对应的邻域起始编码点,利用中心像素点与其LBP特征极大、极小值对应的邻域起始编码点作为方向矢量,来确定中心像素点的上下文共生点对;利用自适应阈值完全局部三值模式（ACLTP）提取Upper和Lower模式中共生点对的局部纹理信息;联合上下文共生点对的特征直方图训练卡方核支持向量机,进行纹理图像识别检测。在应用广泛的Brodatz、Outex（TC10、TC12-h、TC12-t、TC14）、CUReT、KTH_TIPS、UIUC标准纹理库中,该算法相较于原始的PRICoLBP算法和其他算法在分类准确率上均有一定的提升,且在添加了高斯噪声和椒盐噪声的KTH_TIPS纹理库中,该算法依旧保持了较高的分类准确率。实验结果表明,该算法对旋转、光照变化和噪声干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。     

An effective scheme for image texture classification based on binary local structure pattern

Effectiveness of local binary pattern (LBP) features is well proven in the field of texture image classification and retrieval. This paper presents a more effective completed modeling of the LBP. The traditional LBP has a shortcoming that sometimes it may represent different structural patterns with same LBP code. In addition, LBP also lacks global information and is sensitive to noise. In this paper, the binary patterns generated using threshold as a summation of center pixel value and average local differences are proposed. The proposed local structure patterns (LSP) can more accurately classify different textural structures as they utilize both local and global information. The LSP can be combined with a simple LBP and center pixel pattern to give a completed local structure pattern (CLSP) to achieve higher classification accuracy. In order to make CLSP insensitive to noise, a robust local structure pattern (RLSP) is also proposed. The proposed scheme is tested over three representative texture databases viz. Outex, Curet, and UIUC. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve higher classification accuracy while being more robust to noise.     

用于纹理特征提取的改进的成对旋转不变共生局部二值模式算法

针对用于纹理特征提取的成对旋转不变共生局部二值模式（PRICoLBP）算法计算特征维度大、旋转不变性较差、对光照变化敏感的问题,提出一种融合局部纹理信息的改进PRICoLBP算法。首先,分别最大化和最小化图像像素点的二值序列,得到两个邻域像素点的坐标,由中心像素点坐标和得到的邻域像素点坐标计算出共生点对的坐标;其次,利用完备二值模式（CLBP）算法提取图像的每个像素点的纹理信息。在相同分类器下,对Brodatz、Outex（TC10,TC12）、Outex（TC14）、CUReT和KTH_TIPS数据库的分类实验中,所提算法的识别率比PRICoLBP算法分别提高了0.17、0.24、2.65、2.39和2.04个百分点。实验结果表明,所提算法在处理纹理旋转变化、光照条件多样的图像时具有较好的识别效果。     

Sorted random projections for robust rotation-invariant texture classification

This paper presents a simple, novel, yet very powerful approach for robust rotation-invariant texture classification based on random projection. The proposed sorted random projection maintains the strengths of random projection, in being computationally efficient and low-dimensional, with the addition of a straightforward sorting step to introduce rotation invariance. At the feature extraction stage, a small set of random measurements is extracted from sorted pixels or sorted pixel differences in local image patches. The rotation invariant random features are embedded into a bag-of-words model to perform texture classification, allowing us to achieve global rotation invariance. The proposed unconventional and novel random features are very robust, yet by leveraging the sparse nature of texture images, our approach outperforms traditional feature extraction methods which involve careful design and complex steps. We report extensive experiments comparing the proposed method to six state-of-the-art methods, RP, Patch, LBP, WMFS and the methods of Lazebnik et al. and Zhang et al., in texture classification on five databases: CUReT, Brodatz, UIUC, UMD and KTH-TIPS. Our approach leads to significant improvements in classification accuracy, producing consistently good results on each database, including what we believe to be the best reported results for Brodatz, UMD and KTH-TIPS.     

一类新的纹理谱描述子

在纹理元的基础上提出了一类新的纹理谱描述子,新的纹理谱描述子在3个方面作了改进：将像素的灰度差量化为4个值;量化区间根据纹理对比度自动确定,并保证量化值具有灰度线性不变性;利用相关性弱的8邻域像素构建纹理谱描述子,从而降低了纹理谱维数。定义了基于新的纹理谱描述子的光照、旋转不变性纹理特征。利用该特征对Outex纹理进行光照、旋转不变性分类,分类准确率高于基于局部二值模式的光照、旋转不变性纹理特征。     

Invariant texture classification using a spatial filter bank in multi-resolution analysis

This paper proposed a new method based on spatial filter banks and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for invariant texture classification. The method used a multi-resolution analysis method like DWT and applied the proposed filter bank on different resolutions. Then, a simple fusion of features on different resolutions was used for invariant texture analysis. A comprehensive study was done to examine the effectiveness of the proposed method. Different datasets with different properties were used in this paper such as Brodatz, Outex, and KTH-TIPS for the evaluation. Local binary pattern (LBP) methods have been one of the powerful methods in recent years for invariant texture classification. A comparative study was performed with some state-of-the-art LBP methods. This comparison indicated promising results for the proposed approach as compared with the LBP methods.     

利用相位一致性实现纹理分类的方法

提出了一种利用相位一致性(Phase Congruency,PC)实现纹理分类的方法。首先计算图像的PC值,然后将连续的PC值离散化,接着统计离散化PC值的直方图,最后将该直方图作为特征来实现对纹理图像的分类。PC值的直方图反映的是一种全局特征,因此可以将该方法与局部二元模式方法(Local Binary Pattern,LBP)相结合来提高纹理分类性能。在Outex、Brodatz以及CUReT纹理数据库上的实验表明,提出的方法与LBP结合后可以得到更好的纹理分类结果。PC值对噪声具有良好的抗干扰能力,实验表明,提出的方法在噪声情形下对纹理分类也具有较高的鲁棒性。     

Real-time surface inspection by texture

In this paper a real-time surface inspection method based on texture features is introduced. The proposed approach is based on the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) texture operator and the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). A very fast software implementation of the LBP operator is presented. The SOM is used as a powerful classifier and visualizer. The efficiency of the method is empirically evaluated in two different problems including textures from the Outex database and from a paper inspection problem.     

基于LBP值对空间统计特征的纹理描述符

针对基于内容图像检索应用背景下局部二值模式(LBP)描述符缺乏空间描述能力及所需特征矢量维数较长的不足, 提出一种基于LBP值对空间统计特征构建的改进纹理描述符(ILBP)。ILBP描述符首先利用LBP微模式编码方法将原始图像转换为LBP伪灰度图像, 然后再提取出多个关于LBP值对空间分布关系统计值构成描述图像特征的特征矢量。在基于内容的图像检索原型测试平台上完成大量实验。实验结果表明, 与LBP及其各类变种描述符相比, ILBP描述符在进一步增强LBP描述符描述能力的同时大幅度压缩特征矢量维数, 具有更好的查询正确率和查询效率。