供应链失效风险下的弹性供应组合决策模型研究

研究了一个制造商和多个供应商组成的两阶层供应链在供应链失效风险下的供应组合决策问题。运用条件风险价值（Conditional Value at Risk, CVaR）风险度量准则对制造商的风险偏好进行测度,综合考虑制造商风险中性情况下的成本目标和制造商风险规避情况下的风险目标,构建了供应链失效风险下以成本和风险线性加权和最小化为目标函数的弹性供应组合模型,决策变量包括供应商数量选择、订单分配、设防供应商数量选择和应急库存分配。算例结果表明：制造商越担心风险,供应组合中选择的供应商越少,同时制造商增加设防供应商数量和应急库存设置量以降低失效风险的影响;弹性供应组合模型达到了成本最小和风险最小化目标的平衡,可有效提高供应链弹性。     

考虑供应不足的应急物流车辆路径优化模型及算法

灾害发生后的关键救援期内,应急物资有限且受灾点对应急物资的需求具有不确定性,为提高应急物流工作效率,需同时对应急资源分配和运输车辆路径进行优化决策。针对救援关键期内应急物资可能供应不足的情况,在假设物资需求为随机其服从正态分布的前提下,以最小化供应不足和供应过量所带来的损失、运输成本和车辆使用成本等为优化目标,考虑服务时间窗和车辆装载能力等约束,建立了随机需求环境下应急物流车辆路径问题的优化模型,并基于遗传算法设计了模型的求解方法。算例分析表明,本文所提出的优化方法运算快捷且结果合理,可为相关决策者提供科学的决策依据。     

群集智能在适应性供应网络中的应用

供应网络合作伙伴的选择是一个复杂的组合优化问题。近年来,一些学者对具有社会性昆虫的行为进行研究模拟,提出了解决传统复杂问题的新方法。Tony White结合群集智能的思想,以及蚂蚁觅食的特点,设计了蚁群路由系统,它具有正反馈、分布式计算、贪婪启发等特点,已在许多问题中得到成功的应用。讨论了供应网络的模型和蚁群路由算法在适应性供应网络的应用。     

战时多阶段备件供应保障优化

战时备件供应保障优化研究战时备件在供应保障网络中如何配置以及储运的问题。根据网络的层次性及作战的时序性,抽象出一个典型的多阶段三级战时备件供应保障系统的规划模型。针对战时作战单元对备件需求的不确定性,在确定性规划模型基础上给出了战时备件供应保障系统的机会约束规划模型,最后给出了采用随机模拟的遗传算法求解模型的步骤,并给出了应用实例。     

基于SOA的供应网络系统框架研究

分析了供应网络系统的特点,在已有企业模型的基础上提出了供应网络建模框架,然后在面向服务的构架的思想指导下构建了供应网络系统框架,分析了用Agent技术对系统仿真的必要性,并利用Web Services等技术提出了供应网络系统解决方案.该方案旨在提高系统的重用性,解决信息系统的紧耦合问题,适合供应网络环境下的企业信息系统构建.     

随机供应中断和退货环境下库存的应急控制

随机供应中断和退货环境下库存变化, 失去传统上的单调性, 呈现复杂的随机波动状态, 从而, 极大地增加了控制难度. 为解决系统库存的短缺和超储问题, 本文提出一个应急控制(包括应急采购和应急处理)策略. 在库存水平的动态变化表示为Lévy过程条件下, 利用连续时间Markov链、更新过程和鞅理论, 构建了系统期望折扣总利润模型, 并设计了交叉熵法确定最优控制策略. 仿真结果表明, 中断强度和类型及退货批次和批量, 对最优应急处理水平和应急采购量均有较大影响. 而退货类型仅影响最优应急处理水平, 对最优应急采购量影响较小.     

大宗油料供应数据仓库模型设计与实现

针对传统分散的油料供应管理系统中数据分析与决策支持能力的不足,提出了基于联机分析处理的大宗油料供应数据仓库模型设计方案,并用SQL语言阐述了模型的实现方法。     

面向业务的E-维护知识供应模型

为使E-维护中的知识支持维护任务,提出面向业务的知识供应模型。采用维护知识概念本体规范任务描述、维护对象和知识功能,通过知识对象本体集成知识资源。将知识供应的需求和权限集成到业务过程中,构建维护知识供应信息模型,建立知识匹配方法控制知识供应。在某石化企业E-维护平台上的应用结果表明,该模型能提升企业的维护水平。     

基于节点失效的弹性供应链应急管理策略

研究网络正常运行和有单一节点失效情况下供应链的应急调度问题,建立了在有限资源约束下单目标成本优化数学模型,以实现供应链运行总成本最小．采用ＣＰＬＥＸ 软件求解模型,得到应急调度计划方案．数值仿真结果表明了应急调度方法的有效性和实用性．     

ERP环境下供应管理信息系统的设计和实现

ERP的实施对企业传统的供应管理思想提出了新的要求。针对ERP环境下供应管理的特点，给出了某车身厂供应管理信息系统的业务流程、系统结构设计以及与企业其他子系统的集成方法，并着重分析了系统实现的几个关键问题．     

A mixed resilient‐efficient approach toward blood supply chain network design

Unlike its inherent beneficial attributes, the blood supply chain is very complex due to its uncertain nature and irregular donation besides a high vulnerability to disruptions. In this regard, this study provides a multi‐objective integrated resilient‐efficient model to design a blood supply chain network under uncertainty. To evaluate the efficiency, an augmented form of the data envelopment analysis model is incorporated into the extended model. On the other hand, to improve supply chain resilience, different resiliency measures as optimization tools are introduced and inserted into the considered network. As blood donors have a main role in the blood supply chain, this paper undertakes motivational social aspects to stimulate blood donation for reducing possible shortages. Furthermore, to handle the multi‐objective problem, an interactive fuzzy approach is utilized. Finally, to indicate the applicability of the extended model and its solution approaches, a case study is provided considering realistic data. The results revealed that simultaneously considering all three measures of efficiency, resilience, and cost can assist in improvement of blood supply chain network design and a trade‐off among these three measures can be set by decision maker's preferences.     

Contingent rerouting for enhancing supply chain resilience from supplier behavior perspective

This paper examines contingent rerouting strategy for enhancing supply chain resilience taking a supplier's point of view. We consider a supply chain with multiple suppliers at each stage and establish a mathematical model for product allocation behavior among different suppliers. The allocation model is based on each supplier's production capacity, product quality, production cost, as well as possible decision maker's preferences. As a performance measure for rerouting strategy, we use the total outflow of the supply chain. We propose an optimization model and its solution determines the rerouting strategy for product flow through the supply chain under disruptions. Numerical examples demonstrate the effect of the rerouting strategy and show the resilience of the supply chain.     

基于多代理的供应链协同生产计划模型

供应链是由分布在全球的供应商、制造商、仓库、分销中心和零售商组成的复杂网络。其生产计划具有分布性,自治性,同步性和开放性等特点,使得传统的生产计划方法已经不能适应供应链的计划需求。在分析了多代理技术和供应链系统生产计划特点的基础上,采用智能代理封供应链系统的功能实体和物理实体进行封装,提出了一个基于多代理的供应链系统网络模型,并构建了基于多智能代理的生产计划运行模式。该生产计划模型分为三层：全局生产计划,企业内部子生产计划和各个任务的详细生产计划。它突破了传统生产计划的局限性,从全局规划的角度来整合供应链上的所有资源,消除了不同企业子生产计划所产生的冲突和差异。很好的体现了供应链系统信息共享和资源共享的原则。     

Flexible business strategies to enhance resilience in manufacturing supply chains: An empirical study

Resilience and flexibility in manufacturing and supply chains are widely discussed at times of the present crises situation due to COVID-19 pandemic. It is a question of ongoing debate among practitioners about the role of flexibility and complexity in building resilience for firms and their supply chains. In this research, we examine the flexible business strategies at the demand, supply, and process side of supply chains contributing to resilience. Five of the major flexible business strategies were acknowledged in this research and the single items for constructing them were posited. In this study, we observe the correlations among the constructs based on survey-based research in electronics manufacturing firms, followed by a dimensionality reduction of constructs using factor analysis. The data collected were subject to several initial tests for ensuring validity, reliability, and adequacy using relevant statistical indicators. The measurement model was converted into a structural model and path coefficients were determined. From the path analysis, the latent variables contributing to flexibility in supply chains were found to be independent estimators of resilience. Adding to it, we observe that the single items for measuring the flexibility of supply, process, product, and pricing strategies were evidenced to be strongly correlated. The results are useful to managers for taking decisions related to flexibility implementation, towards enhancing resilience in supply chains.     

城市供水系统故障蔓延动力学研究

基于复杂网络理论,建立了城市供水系统故障蔓延动力学模型,模型考虑了城市供水复杂网络结点的自修复功能、故障蔓延机制。研究了自修复因子、延迟时间因子两个特征参数对三种应用广泛的城市供水复杂网络（随机网络、无尺度网络和小世界网络）结点修复率和故障结点数的影响。模拟结果与实际城市供水系统的特征一致,表明所建立的模型可以有效地模拟城市供水系统故障蔓延动力学。     

Resilience in supply networks: Definition,dimensions, and levels

Oftentimes, seemingly robust systems fail, almost inexplicably, due to unforeseen events leading to disruption. Exploration and research of the mechanisms behind the failure of such systems have revealed that those capable of surviving are not robust, but resilient. This has spawned a stream of research on the resilience of different complex systems, from ecosystems, to the human body, to supply chains and communication networks. Supply networks are complex adaptive systems in which a subset of agents create flow and are required to deliver such flow to sink agents located at the other end of the network. Delivery of flow under pre-defined service conditions requires resilient design and operation protocols.In this article, a supply network formalism is introduced, and the concept and dimensions of resilience in supply networks, explored. Five core components of resilience are derived from reviewed definitions; two resilience dimensions, structure and control protocols, and two resilience levels, agent and network level, are characterized based on insights from articles in literature. Finally, emerging trends in resilience research as well as current research gaps are presented and future work directions outlined.     

Reconfiguration framework of a supply network based on flexibility strategies

Because the supply network of an enterprise should be flexible enough to capture and overcome market dynamics, one of the major concerns of global enterprises is to make their supply network reconfigurable. Although many strategies for flexible management of a supply network have been proposed, especially for mitigating supply network risks, it still remains unclear how to apply the strategies to a supply network and how to reconfigure the supply network. This paper examines the influence of flexibility strategies in a dynamic global market environment on the structure of supply network, and proposes a method of reconfiguring the supply network of an enterprise to cope with its flexibility strategies. A reconfigurable supply network model is proposed, and flexibility strategies are classified, and critical indices of strategies are defined. In the proposed model, each business actor is defined as a network node and each node has its own goal. A node optimizes its goal to reduce and overcome the risk of market environments. The result of optimization indicates that the supply network structure is reconfigured dynamically.     

Measuring supply chain resilience using a deterministic modeling approach

To achieve a competitive edge in an uncertain business environment where change is imperative, one of the significant challenges for an organization is to mitigate risk by creating resilient supply chains. This research proposes a model using graph theory which holistically considers all the major enablers of resilience and their interrelationships for analysis using an Interpretive Structural Modeling approach. The uniqueness of this model lies in its ability to quantify resilience by a single numerical index. The quantification of resilience will help organizations assess the effectiveness of various risk mitigation strategies. This will provide tools for managers to compare different supply chains while offering a deeper knowledge of how supply chain characteristics increase or decrease resilience and consequently affect supply chain risk exposure. Thus, the research supports organizations in measuring and analyzing supply chain resilience and facilitates supply chain decision-making. The proposed method could simplify the dynamic nature of environment for managing disruptions in a supply chain. This novel approach for determining the supply chain resilience index (SCRI) advocates the consideration of resilience aspects in supply chain design, thus giving a competitive advantage to achieve market share even during a disruption.     

基于改进HBA算法的生鲜闭环供应链网络鲁棒优化设计

针对生鲜闭环供应链网络设计问题,建立了一种基于生鲜闭环供应链网络的鲁棒优化模型,以解决供应链网络中的不确定性问题。首先,针对涵盖五个节点的生鲜供应链网络结构建立了多周期、多产品,以最小化成本、最小环境影响为目标的混合整数规划模型,采用模糊折中规划与区间数据鲁棒优化方法进行处理;其次,在原有蜜獾算法的基础上引入差分进化原则,增强算法的全局搜索能力与收敛速度;最后,通过MATLAB数值分析与仿真实例表明,所提鲁棒优化模型与蜜獾算法在求解生鲜闭环供应链网络设计问题中具有明显优势。     

基于无线网络的制造业物料配送系统的设计*

针对制造业传统物料配送系统存在的缺点,基于业务流程再造的理念,运用无线局域网技术设计了全新的物料配送系统。该系统能够对配送流程进行优化,提高了配送效率,有效地解决了配送不及时所造成的生产速度瓶颈问题。