一类不确定线性系统的鲁棒故障观测器设计

研究线性时不变系统的鲁棒故障观测器设计问题,给定故障检测率,降低误报率作为优化指标,对故障和未知扰动在残差信号中的输出进行滤波。再考虑不确定性影响,运用模型匹配方法,提出了具有不确定性线性系统的鲁棒故障观测器设计方法,并以线性矩阵不等式形式给出问题求解算法。通过求解具有线性矩阵不等式约束的凸优化问题获得观测器的全局最优解。通过仿真表明,改进的设计方法可有效保障残差信号对故障信号的灵敏度,并改善了诊断性能。     

存在时延和数据包丢失的网络控制系统故障检测

考虑一类长时延网络控制系统,在假定其存在控制时延和数据包丢失的基础上对其进行故障检测．首先对系统进行建模,将故障观测器构建成随机时延切换系统模型;然后通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,将观测器系统的均方渐近稳定条件归结为一线性矩阵不等式,当系统正常时,若给定的矩阵不等式成立,则该观测器是渐近稳定的,当系统发生故障时,观测器残差...     

模型不确定性线性系统的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计

基于给定的性能指标函数, 将受模型不确定性和范数有界未知输入影响的线性不确定系统的基于观测器的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计问题归结为H_∞ 优化问题, 并通过选取适当的后置滤波器和观测器增益矩阵, 使产生的残差达到对于未知输入和模型不确定性的鲁棒性与对于故障的灵敏度的最佳均衡. 简例验证了本文提出算法的有效性.     

Lipschitz广义非线性系统观测器设计

研究一类广义非线性系统的观测器设计问题．首先讨论了半正定Lyapunov函数下指数1广义非线性系统稳定及渐近稳定性,然后对一类由线性和Lipschitz非线性项组成的广义非线性系统,给出了渐近稳定观测器存在的条件,并把观测器反馈增益矩阵的设计归结为广义线性系统容许控制以及奇异值计算问题,证明了若容许广义线性系统矩阵的最小奇异值大于系统的Lipschitz常数,容许控制器增益矩阵就是待求的观测器反馈增益矩阵。     

基于T-S 模糊模型的一类非线性网络控制系统故障检测

针对同时存在网络时延和数据包丢失的网络环境,研究了一类非线性网络控制系统的鲁棒故障检测问 题．基于不确定T-S 模糊模型描述的非线性网络控制系统模型,完成了网络环境下鲁棒故障检测观测器的设计,使 得残差信号对故障敏感而对外部扰动具有鲁棒性．构造Lyapunov-Krasovskii 函数,并引入一个积分不等式,给出了 使得观测器误差动态系统渐近稳定的充分条件．采用线性矩阵不等式技术将鲁棒故障检测问题转化为具有线性矩阵 不等式约束的凸优化问题求解．仿真算例验证了上述方法应用于此类系统的故障检测的有效性．     

基于迭代学习的线性不确定重复系统间歇性故障估计

针对一类带有不确定参数项的线性重复系统间歇性故障估计问题, 本文提出一种基于迭代学习的故障估计算法.该算法通过设计基于迭代学习的故障估计器和状态观测器, 构造李雅普诺夫方程和优化函数证明该算法的鲁棒性和收敛性, 并通过线性矩阵不等式, 求解出算法中的观测器增益矩阵和迭代学习参数矩阵.区别于其他观测器方法, 本文中的方法利用上一次基于迭代学习观测器输出和系统实际输出产生的残差信号, 对本次的故障信号进行跟踪估计, 从而准确地估计出故障的幅值和形状.仿真结果说明了该算法的有效性和准确性.     

具有输出时延的网络控制系统故障检测

考虑一类具有长时延的网络控制系统,假定其传感器到控制器之间存在输出时延,对其进行故障检测研究.建立具有时延补偿功能的故障观测器,得到状态估计误差方程.基于离散切换系统理论,将观测器系统的稳定条件归结为一个线性矩阵不等式.当系统正常时,只要给定的矩阵不等式条件成立,该观测器系统就是渐近稳定的.当系统发生故障时,观测器残差能够迅速发生跳变,从而检测出故障的发生.仿真示例验证了方法的有效性.     

基于H∞滤波器的非线性摄动时滞系统的故障诊断

针对一类非线性摄动时滞系统，基于H∞滤波器技术，探讨了系统的故障诊断问题．首先引入参考模型，通过构建故障观测器，形成能反映系统故障的广义残差模型；然后通过基于线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的方法，将故障诊断问题转化为系统鲁棒稳定性分析问题，并给出该问题解存在的LMI条件和求法．该方法既提高了故障观测器对残差的敏感性，又有效地抑制了干扰，提高了故障检测的效果．仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性．     

基于观测器的LPV系统故障检测方法

针对一类线性参数变化(LPV)连续系统的故障检测问题,通过构造合适的输出观测器,获得残差生成器,并通过优化设计步骤,实现对干扰的有效抑制和对故障的灵敏检测。利用依赖参数的Lyapunov函数,在保证残差生成器稳定性的基础上,给出观测器存在的充分条件。应用投影定理,借助附加矩阵解除了基于参数的Lyapunov函数矩阵与系统矩阵的耦合,得到以线性矩阵不等式(LMI)形式表示的求解条件。对于参数变化系统,基于LMI的求解条件为无穷维问题,借助基函数和参数网格化方法,使其转变为可求解的问题。仿真结果表明,应用该方法可以在一定程度上抑制干扰,并能灵敏有效地实现故障检测。     

具有异步时钟的长时延网络控制系统故障检测

考虑一类存在异步采样时钟的不确定长时延网络控制系统．假定其可能发生故障，设计了离散状态观测器，对其进行故障检测．当系统正常时，观测器系统的稳定性条件被近似为一个包含线性矩阵不等式条件的最小化问题；只要该最小化问题有解，则整个系统是渐近稳定的．当系统发生故障时，该观测器残差能够迅速发生跳变，从而检测出故障的发生．给出一个仿真示例验证了文中方法的有效性．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.