重质高酸原油高效破乳剂研究

原油破乳脱水是原油电脱盐脱水的重要处理环节,以SZ 36-1重质高酸原油为原料进行了非离子破乳剂和助剂的研究,考察了原油乳液稳定性、破乳剂与助剂的协同效应。结果表明,有机小分子助剂通过改变界面极性环境或增加磺酸度使沥青质增溶而破坏乳液的稳定性,它们与破乳剂有很好的协同效应。复配破乳剂SXF 221脱水量和国外加工此类原油破乳剂脱水量相当,脱出后水质好于使用国外破乳剂脱出后的水质,破乳剂SXF 221对SZ 36-1重质高酸原油适应性较好。     

原油中沥青质溶解阈值及破乳剂结构与性能分析

将辽河稠油中提取出的沥青质加入大庆石蜡基原油,根据原油乳液稳定性确定在破乳温度50℃、破乳剂100mg/L的条件下沥青质溶解阈值为0.3%;在70℃,150mg/L破乳剂条件下沥青质溶解阈值为0.5%,此时原油中胶质与沥青质质量比(R/A)为14∶1,与稠油达到沥青质含量阈值时R/A值接近。沥青质含量、合成破乳剂的起始剂、破乳剂分子嵌段结构均会影响破乳效果。起始剂支化程度越高,环氧乙烷(EO)、环氧丙烷(PO)嵌段数越多,破乳效果越好。五乙烯六胺三嵌段聚醚破乳剂破乳效果最好。不同结构破乳剂水溶液对原油表面的润湿性或破乳剂降低油水界面张力的能力与破乳性能不具相关性。     

新型稠油原油污水高效破乳剂

对于乳化原油,在所有的处理过程中,都要经过破乳这一阶段。原油破乳的方法,有如下几种:化学破乳、电磁场法破乳、微波辐射破乳、膜法破乳、活性污泥(微生物)破乳等。化学破乳法是指使用化学破乳剂或调节乳液的pH值使乳液破乳的方法。破乳剂分子渗入并粘附在乳化液滴的界面上,置换出乳化剂并破坏表面膜,使分散相释放出来并聚结、分相,达到破乳的目的。针对辽河油田稠油原油污水,开发了一种新型高分子水处理剂——PAMAM树形分子破乳剂。     

环烷酸对原油乳状液稳定性影响的研究进展

对近年来原油中环烷酸结构组成的研究进展进行了综述,从环烷酸的结构、相对分子质量、环烷酸在不同水相环境(不同酸碱度、不同盐溶液)以及环烷酸与原油活性组分(沥青质、石蜡)相互作用等方面对原油乳状液稳定性的影响进行了总结。分子结构和相对分子质量会影响环烷酸在油水界面的吸附行为从而影响乳状液稳定性;而不同水相环境会影响环烷酸的HLB值和界面活性从而影响乳状液稳定性;原油中的活性组分沥青质、石蜡与环烷酸相互作用也会影响环烷酸在油水界面的吸附及排布机理从而影响原油乳状液稳定性。     

原油乳状液的稳定与破乳

本文综述了４个问题；（１）原油乳状液中的界面膜，沥青质，胶质，固体颗粒，石蜡对原油乳状液稳定性的影响；（２）乳化剂对原油乳状液破乳的阻碍作用；（３）原油乳状液稳定与破乳的几种模型；（４）有关破乳剂使用的几个问题（水溶性和油溶性破乳剂，破乳剂用量，线型和体型结构的破乳剂）。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究：V.北海原油乳状液的稳定与破乳

通过对北海原油乳状液与模型乳状液稳定性的比较研究，发现北海原油乳状液的稳定机理主要是界面膜稳定和立体稳定，即由蜡、胶质、沥青质组分中的界面活性化合物在油水间形成的界面膜和沥青质颗粒、蜡晶及蜡网状结构的作用所致。北海原油乳状液的稳定性与原油的粘度及油水界面张力有关。对北海原油乳状液的破乳应以减弱界面膜强度、消除或减弱蜡晶及蜡网结构的作用为主。本研究所用破乳剂可降低油水界面张力，减弱油水界面膜的强度，     

两种嵌段聚醚对油水界面性质的影响

通过测定不同沥青质含量下,典型支链型嵌段聚醚破乳剂AE-1和直链型嵌段聚醚破乳剂SP169在不同质量浓度和温度下的界面张力、界面扩散热力学参数和界面扩张模量,研究了两种嵌段聚醚对油水界面性质的影响。实验结果表明,SP169破乳剂降低界面张力的能力更强;在温度与沥青质含量不变的情况下,SP169破乳剂的熵变小于AE-1破乳剂,表明SP169破乳剂分子在界面上的混乱度更小,组成了比AE-1破乳剂更为有序、紧凑的排列;AE-1破乳剂与沥青质形成的界面膜的扩张模量小于SP169破乳剂与沥青质所形成的界面膜的扩张模量,即加入AE-1破乳剂的油水界面膜的强度更弱。在温度65℃、含水率(以水的质量分数计)40%的条件下,AE-1破乳剂具有比SP169破乳剂更好的破乳性能。     

用动界面张力方法研究原油/盐水界面的性质Ⅱ.起始界面吸附速率和表观扩散系数的测定

定量地计算了原油天然表面活性剂和破乳剂在原油 /盐水界面形成初始阶段时的吸附速率。结果表明 ,破乳剂的起始界面吸附速率远远高于原油天然表面活性剂的相应值 ;水相盐度、体系温度和破乳剂的浓度对原油 /盐水起始界面吸附速率有明显的影响。另外计算了破乳剂在油相中的表观扩散系数 ,并分析了其影响因素。     

疏水缔合聚合物驱体系中原油乳状液性质及破乳规律

采用瓶试法考察了原油组成及疏水缔合聚合物（Hydrophobically associating polymer, HAP）质量浓度对原油乳状液稳定性的影响,用油 水界面张力、界面电性、界面扩张流变、界面剪切黏度等多个参数表征了HAP驱采出液油 水界面性质的变化规律,用一系列酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂对模拟采出液进行破乳。结果表明,原油中胶质和沥青质是影响原油乳状液稳定的重要因素;实验浓度范围内,随着HAP浓度升高,原油乳状液稳定性增强。HAP具有界面活性,吸附在油 水界面可降低界面能,利于乳化;HAP在界面上形成交联网状结构,提升了界面膜的扩张模量和剪切模量,同时增强了界面膜的负电性,利于稳定乳状液。环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷各占一半的酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂与1%甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）交联后,5 min即可完全将原油乳状液破乳。     

用动界面张力方法研究原油／盐水界面的性质：Ⅱ.超始界面？…

定量地计算了原油天然表面活性剂和破乳剂在原油／盐水界面形成初始阶段时的吸附速率。结果表明,破乳剂的超始界面吸附速率远远高于原油天然表面活笥剂的相应值;水相盐度、体系温度和破乳剂的浓度对原油／盐水起始界面吸附速度有明显的影响。另外计算了破乳剂在油相中的表观扩散系数,并分析了其影响因素。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

长庆油包水乳状液的稳定性与沥青质含量的关系

以长庆轻质原油为例,探讨了原油组分对乳状液稳定性的影响规律;采用煤油萃取轻质组分及二 甲苯溶解沥青质两种方法证实了沥青质是稳定轻质油包水乳状液的主要因素;采用流变仪、布氏黏度计 和光学显微镜等仪器测定了含水原油乳状液界面膜强度、油相黏度和乳状液尺寸。结果表明,取决于沥 青质的油 水界面膜强度和油相黏度是影响原油乳状液稳定性的主要因素,沥青质含量越高,油 水界 面膜强度和油相黏度越大,乳状液越稳定。     

大庆原油与碱作用机理研究

 采用四组分分离法将大庆原油分离为饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质，并用醇碱萃取法提取原油中的酸Ⅰ组分和酸Ⅱ组分。分别考察了各组分模拟油与水及碱体系的界面张力、界面剪切黏度，以及模拟油与碱长时间反应所形成的乳状液稳定性。结果表明，大庆原油中能降低油-水界面张力的主要活性组分是与碱反应较快的酸；对模拟油与碱体系形成的W/O型乳状液起稳定作用的主要组分是其中与碱反应较慢的、支链较多的大分子酸及酯类。大庆原油饱和分中存在着与碱发生慢反应的酯类。原油、原油组分模拟油与 碱反应初期，易形成O/W型乳状液，反应后期乳状液由O/W型向W/O型转变。醇碱萃取法只能萃取出与碱发生快速反应的酸组分，而不能将与碱反应较慢的相对分子质量较大的酸或酯类萃取出来。     

环烷酸对高沥青质含量稠油乳状液稳定性的影响

以高沥青质塔河稠油为研究对象,从中分离出沥青质,配制成模型油乳状液;从辽河、苏丹原油中分离出天然羧酸,考察原油中天然羧酸对塔河沥青质模型油乳状液稳定性的影响。 结果表明,天然羧酸可以起到类似于胶质的作用,通过对沥青质的分散作用,降低沥青质模型油乳状液的稳定性。 有机羧酸和烷基芳磺酸可以起到与天然羧酸类似的作用,而且烷基芳磺酸降低模型油乳状液稳定性的能力更强。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

界面性质表征二元驱驱油剂对采出液稳定性的影响

UOP Separex Flux+是现有的Separex膜系统中膜元件的替代。Separex Flux+可增加污染物的去除,如酸性气和水。与现有技术相比,其设计可增加天然气加工能力,可使生产者获取更高的效益和降低成本。除了增加系统被加工的气体量外,与现有的膜产品相比,该膜元件每单位膜面积可去除更多的二氧化碳。这有助于使下游处理单元脱瓶颈制约,对     

用动界面张力方法研究原油/盐水界面的性质Ⅰ.原油天然表面活性剂和破乳剂的竞争吸附现象

测定了原油 /盐水的动界面张力 ,比较了在无破乳剂存在时几种体系的动界面张力曲线。证明了原油天然表面活性剂分子渐渐扩散吸附到原油 /盐水界面上 ,当体系中有破乳剂存在时 ,破乳剂分子以竞争的方式扩散吸附到原油 /盐水界面上。用动界面张力方法研究原油天然表面活性剂和破乳剂在原油 /盐水界面的吸附速率对研究原油乳状液的破乳机理和优化破乳条件十分重要。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

ABSTRACT

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

Demulsifier performance at low temperature in a low permeability reservoir

The crude oil in Longdong area is produced in the form of emulsion containing associated oil and water, which needs to be separated before dispatch to end user. Chemical demulsification under high temperature is the most widely used technology to break the emulsions. In this study a rheological method was used to determine the curve of viscosity-temperature and lower limit of temperature was determined. A series of experiments on low-temperature commercial demulsifies were implemented for studying demulsification performance by bottle test method. Mechanism of low-temperature demulsifier was studied by using spinning drop interfacial tensiometer to determine interfacial tension between the crude oil and demulsifier solution by considering the concentration. Turbiscan stability analyzer was used to study the effect of water content, temperature, and demulsifier concentration on emulsion stability. The corresponding relationship between interfacial tension and demulsification was verified through the study of low-temperature demulsifier effect on interfacial tension. Efficient low-temperature demulsifiers AR102, AR901, PR929, and PRC06 were selected. PRC06 was chosen to be the best at 40°C, and when the optimal concentration was 200 mg/L, dehydration rate was 99.51%.