球形氧化锆及氧化锆/镍复合粉体的制备

采用化学沉淀法分别制备球形氧化锆及镍/氧化锆复合微球粉体。考察加料速度、加料方式和反应器结构等因素对粒径分布、结晶状态及形貌的影响,初步得到优化工艺条件,并在优化条件下制得粒径分布均匀的球形氧化锆粉体和镍包裹氧化锆复合粉体。利用扫描电镜、能谱及X射线衍射仪分别对前驱体及热处理产物的形貌和物相进行分析,利用激光粒度分析仪检测球形氧化锆前驱体的粒径分布。研究表明,采用化学沉淀法,通过优化制备工艺条件,可以制备粒径分布较均匀的球形氧化锆粉体;利用非均相化学沉淀包裹技术制备的金属镍包裹氧化锆微球粉体,球形氧化锆颗粒表面作为异相成核的场所,通过控制颗粒浓度、加料速度以及添加表面活性剂等工艺条件,可以调控包裹层厚度、表面均匀度以及表面裂纹等。     

Preparation of alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowders by microwave-assisted peroxyl-complex coprecipitation

Alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia （ADYSZ） nanopowders were prepared by microwave-assisted peroxyl-complex coprecipitation （MAPCC） using ZrOCl2-8H2O, Y2O3 and AICly6H2O as starting materials, NH2-H2O as precipitant and H2O2 as complexant. The effects of adding H2O2 and microwave drying on the preparation and properties of ADYSZ were investigated. The precursors and nanopowders were studied by EDX, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The results show that the uniformity of component distribution within ADYSZ nanopowders is improved by adding appropriate dosage of H2O2. Complexing reaction between H2O2 and Zr^4＋ ion restrains the hydrolyzation and precipitation of Zr^4＋ ion. With the addition of H2O2, Al^3＋, y^3＋ and Zr^4＋ ions can be precipitated synchronously in a relatively narrow range of pH value. H2O2 also improves the filterability of the wet precipitate. The highly hydrophilic precipitates can be quickly and effectively separated from aqueous solution. During microwave drying process, the moisture of wet precursors is selectively heated. Quick expansion of steam vapor within the wet colloidal particles causes the aggregations burst into numerous tiny lumps. Compared with oven drying, microwave drying can not only shorten drying time but also reduce aggregation intensity of the resultant ADYSZ nanopowders.     

锂空气电池空气电极层次多孔碳的制备及其性能

在不同表面活性剂浓度下通过溶胶-凝胶自组装方法制备了具有介孔结构的层次多孔碳材料（HPCs）。用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、氮气吸脱附测试和恒流充放电测试对样品进行物理和电化学性能研究。结果表明：所有的HPCs主要为介孔结构并且具有相似的孔径分布。以HPCs为空气电极载体碳材料的锂空气电池具有较高的放电容量。且相似孔径大小的碳材料为载体的锂空气电池放电容量随着碳材料的比表面积增加而增加。在c（CTAB）=0.27 mol/L时制备的HPCs-3样品具有最佳的电化学性能。通过控制放电深度至800 mA·h/g,电池表现出良好的容量保持率,在0.1 mA/cm2电流密度下,首次放电容量为2050 mA·h/g。     

磁性核壳结构Ce掺杂氧化锆的制备及其As(Ⅲ)吸附性能（英文）

采用溶剂热法和溶胶–凝胶法制备磁性介孔As(Ⅲ)吸附剂Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@Ce-ZrO₂。该核壳结构材料具有高比表面积(168.2 m²/g)和快速磁分离性能(5.37 A·m2/kg)。与Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZrO₂相比,Ce掺杂样品的As(Ⅲ)平衡吸附量提高12%-23%(pH3-11),这主要归因于双金属M—O—As配合物的形成。共存的SO₄^2-和PO₄^3-会削弱As(Ⅲ)的吸附,Ca²⁺对除As(Ⅲ)有积极作用,而Cl^-和NO₃^-的影响很小。在初始As(Ⅲ)浓度5mg/L、313K和pH中性条件下,As(Ⅲ)最大吸附容量可达24.52 mg/g。准二级模型对As(Ⅲ)吸附动力学数据的拟合效果良好。此外,吸附...     

氢传感器用铂电极的制备及性能研究

采用浆料涂覆烧结法制备铂电极,对比了基材处理方式(磁控溅射/喷砂)、铂黑(Ptb)和氧化铂(PtO₂)粒径差异对电极形貌、附着力、方阻及电催化性能的影响。结果表明,基材采用磁控溅射法制备的涂层表面结构优于喷砂法的涂层,使其剥离强度均略高于喷砂处理的样品;针对于粉末粒度,需控制在一定范围内(即Ptb(350nm)和PtO₂(350nm)),其制备的涂层表面易形成蜂窝状或絮状的微连接结构,可显著降低方阻,提高其附着力。对结构和附着力较好的Ptb/Pt电极和PtO₂/Pt电极进行CV曲线分析,PtO₂/Pt电极的电催化性能优于Ptb/Pt电极。     

加工氧化锆陶瓷的金刚石涂层刀具的制备及切削试验研究

使用热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)在硬质合金片以及球头铣刀表面沉积了微米金刚石薄膜(MCD),纳米金刚石薄膜(NCD)以及微米纳米复合金刚石薄膜(MNCD),通过扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对其进行表征,结果呈现出典型的金刚石薄膜的性质,沉积质量高。金刚石薄膜与氧化锆陶瓷的摩擦磨损实验表明:金刚石薄膜能有效地降低对磨时的摩擦系数以及磨损率。使用三种金刚石薄膜涂层铣刀对氧化锆陶瓷进行铣削加工试验,结果显示:金刚石涂层刀具磨损率大幅度降低,刀具寿命显著增强。     

Preparation of CePO<Subscript>4</Subscript>-coated zirconia ceramics and their mechanical behavior

Tetragonal ZrO2-3 mol% Y2O3 (3Y-TZP) coated with CePO4 was synthesized by a co-precipitation method and the effects of CePO4 content and sintering temperature on its mechanical properties were investigated. The microstructure and phase composition of the products were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as X-ray diffraction, respectively. The machinability index of CePO4-coated zirconia was calculated to be 1.05 when the CePO4 content is 25 wt.%. The sample hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness are 7.08 GPa, 457.85 MPa and 9.75 MPa m1/2, respectively, when the sintering temperature is 1400°C. The results show that as-prepared CePO4-coated 3Y-TZP ceramics are highly suitable biomaterials for dental applications and are expected to be used in a com-puter-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system to make dental crowns or bridge prostheses in a one-step sinter-ing process.     

Comparison of thermal shock behaviors between plasma-sprayed nanostructured and conventional zirconia thermal barrier coatings

NiCoCrAlTaY bond coat was deposited on pure nickel substrate by low pressure plasma spraying(LPPS), and ZrO2-8%Y2O3 (mass fraction) nanostructured and ZrO2-7%Y2O3 (mass fraction) conventional thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) were deposited by air plasma spraying(APS). The thermal shock behaviors of the nanostructured and conventional TBCs were investigated by quenching the coating samples in cold water from 1 150, 1 200 and 1 250 ℃, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used to examine the microstructures of the samples after thermal shock testing. Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray(EDAX) was used to analyze the interface diffusion behavior of the bond coat elements. X-ray diffractometry(XRD) was used to analyze the constituent phases of the samples. Experimental results indicate that the nanostructured TBC is superior to the conventional TBC in thermal shock performance. Both the nanostructured and conventional TBCs fail along the bond coat/substrate interface. The constituent phase of the as-sprayed conventional TBC is diffusionless-transformed tetragonal(t′). However, the constituent phase of the as-sprayed nanostructured TBC is cubic(c). There is a difference in the crystal size at the spalled surfaces of the nanostructured and conventional TBCs. The constituent phases of the spalled surfaces are mainly composed of Ni2.88Cr1.12 and oxides of bond coat elements.     

Numerical simulation of interfacial reaction between titanium and zirconia

Based on the conservation laws of energy and mass,and taking into account the effect of chemical reaction between liquid titanium and zirconia ceramic mold on the concentration field and the temperature field,a comprehensive mathematical model for numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer has been established to study the interfacial reaction between liquid Ti and ZrO2 ceramic mold.With the proposed model,numerical simulations were preformed to investigate the effects of pouring temperature and holding time on the oxygen concentrations and reactive layer thickness in metal.The results showed that both the oxygen concentration and the thickness of reactive layer in metal increase with the increase of the holding time and the pouring temperature.The development of reactive layer thickness with time consists of three stages:inoculation (0-1 s),linear increase (1-5 s)and parabolic increase (after 5 s).     

二次增力可调立式液压缸试验台架的设计

液压缸试验台普遍不能满足高压缸的试验要求、不能满足液压缸工作状态模拟的试验要求。在不改变液压缸试验台液压系统压力的条件下,通过设计二次增力可调立式试验台架的方法,大幅度提高了液压缸试验台的试验压力,满足了立式液压缸静态或动态地模拟偏载和稳定性试验要求,同时也提高了液压缸试验台的使用寿命。     

A System for Measurement of the Oxidation Kinetics of Metals Based on Solid-State Electrochemistry

A novel system for measuring oxidation kinetics, based on solid-stateelectrochemistry, has been designed and developed. In this system, thepressure of the oxidizing gas was measured by a gas-pressure sensor andkept constant in the course of oxidation using aPt|ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)|Pt oxygenpump. The mass of oxygen consumed was calculated by integrating the electriccurrent flowing through the solid-state electrochemical oxygen pump overtime. The oxidation kinetics curve could be plotted and displayed on thecomputer automatically and continuously. The reliability of, and operatingconditions for, the system have been determined. The results showed that thesystem can be used for accurate measurement of the kinetics of oxidation ofmetals in oxygen at pressures of 0.05 to 1 atm and over a wide range oftemperatures. The accuracy of measurement was close to 0.01 mg and could beimproved with further development.     

Characterization and processing of spray-dried zirconia powders for plasma spray application

The correlation between the performance of plasma spray coatings and feedstock powder properties is not fully understood. To demonstrate this correlation, eight spray-dried zirconia powders containing a mass fraction of 20% Y₂O₃ (yttria) were characterized with respect to their physical, bulk chemical, and surface chemical properties. The same powders were plasma spray deposited as coatings, and their relative performance was evaluated using a thermal rupture test developed by Pratt and Whitney. The specific powder properties studied were chemical composition, binder content, particle size distribution, powder morphology, interface chemistry, thermogravimetry, phase composition, and specific surface area. Among the characterization data, the binder-related properties of the powder correlated most strongly with the thermal rupture test data. Specifically, higher binder contents were associated with poor thermal rupture test performance.     

Effect of oxide additives and particle size on stabilization of treated commercial zirconia

Commercial zirconia was milled and sedimented to separate finer and coarser particles. Then additives such as CaO and Y₂O₃ were added in proportions of 7 and 13 mol.% each. Wet mixing of these powders was done in the ball mill. These mixtures were then compacted through uniaxial compaction using 150 MPa of pressure to make pellets of 8 mm diameter and 3 mm height approximately. The compacts were sintered at 1700 °C under argon atmosphere during 1 h. Densification calculations revealed densities of more than 80% in all samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that closed porosity was present. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the presence of cubic phase with quantities higher in samples of finer powder and 13 mol.% additive.     

弹性预紧轴承组件预紧力测试台的研制及试验

利用轴承组件轴向刚度的特性,采用精密力传感器开发了弹性预紧轴承组件预紧力测试台.利用该试验台可以实现对弹性预紧轴承组件预紧力的检测和弹性预紧限位行程的检测.加载组件采用精密螺旋弹簧实现了大载荷高分辨率的加载,并通过直线导轨保证加载力的加载方向.最后利用该试验平台对某弹性预紧电机轴承组件的预紧力进行了检测.     

Microscopic observation of degradation behavior in yttria and ceria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings under hot corrosion

In this study, the effects of yttria stabilizer replacement with ceria on hot corrosion properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been investigated in microscopic respects. Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ; ZrO₂–8 wt.%Y₂O₃) and ceria stabilized zirconia (CSZ; ZrO₂–25 wt.%CeO₂–2.5 wt.%Y₂O₃) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were fabricated to have similar microstructures, followed by hot corrosion tests with a NaVO₃ salt at 900 °C. Very dense YSZ TBCs with porosities below 4% were also fabricated in order to investigate the effects of coating defects on hot corrosion behavior. Results revealed that CSZ TBCs were better resistant to hot corrosion environment than YSZ TBCs in terms of phase stability and overall damage by the salt. From studies on microscopic failure behavior, it was found that YSZ and CSZ TBCs showed a different degradation behavior and that coating defects, such as pores, microcracks and splat boundaries, play important roles as effective paths for the salt in hot corrosion. From the present results, a possible microscopic degradation mechanism and effects of coating microstructures for zirconia-based TBCs under hot corrosion are discussed.     

氧传感器用催化铂电极浆料的制备及其电性能测试

氧传感器是车用监控空燃比、保证尾气排放达标的测量组件,铂电极是催化传感器的核心元件。将特定质量比的铂-锆复合粉末与有机粘合剂混合,使用三辊轧机轧制制备了催化铂电极浆料,并将其应用于传感器上检测其电性能。结果表明,所得催化铂电极浆料满足氧传感器件的要求,性能良好。     

Study of oxygen and carbon species on Si substrate during in-situ cleaning prior to high-quality epitaxial deposition

We investigated the effect of in-situ cleaning with ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) hydrogen plasma. This cleaning was effective in removing oxygen and carbon on the wafer surface because of its high density and low substrate damage and, thus, high quality epitaxial films were deposited. The contents of the oxygen or carbon species were correlated with the structural quality of the interface and film. The possible reaction mechanisms for the cleaning of oxygen and carbon species were scrutimized. The removal of oxygen rather than of carbon, was crucial in obtaining high quality epitaxial films.     

铁路机车车辆用制动动力试验台的特点及分析

本文对机械模拟和机械模拟＋电惯量模拟铁路机车车辆用1：1制动动力试验台的工作原理、特点进行了分析。机械模拟＋电惯量模拟试验台采用电机实时补偿试验所需能量和系统固有阻力的方法,能实现转动惯量的精确匹配和更高的试验精度,便于优化配置试验台机电参数并充分发挥其性能,优越性明显。