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1.
The rapid development of language resources and tools using machine learning techniques for less computerized languages requires
appropriately tagged corpus. A tagged Bengali news corpus has been developed from the web archive of a widely read Bengali
newspaper. A web crawler retrieves the web pages in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) format from the news archive. At present,
the corpus contains approximately 34 million wordforms. Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems based on pattern based shallow
parsing with or without using linguistic knowledge have been developed using a part of this corpus. The NER system that uses
linguistic knowledge has performed better yielding highest F-Score values of 75.40%, 72.30%, 71.37%, and 70.13% for person,
location, organization, and miscellaneous names, respectively.
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2.
This viewpoint argues that the introduction of most computer-based system to an organization transforms the organization and
changes the work patterns of the system’s users in the organization. These changes interact with the users’ values and beliefs
and trigger emotional responses which are sometimes directed against the software system and its proponents. A requirements
engineer must be aware of these emotions.
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3.
Within the field of computer-supported cooperative work, there are a continuously growing number of studies of the use of
electronic media in groups and organisations. Despite the existence of this impressive body of research, there have been comparatively
few in-depth studies of how the computer as a medium of communication is integrated in specific professional practices. The
present study examines the role of electronic mail in a medium-sized Swedish newspaper office (newsroom) environment. Using
an ethnographic perspective, the study attempts to combine two approaches: it is both focused on the social and communicative
processes that are affected by the use of email and oriented toward the messages as such, looking at what kind of interaction
is produced through particular email exchanges. Data have been collected during repeated observations, interviews and study
of documents and artefacts in the newsroom environment over a period of almost 3 years. The picture that has emerged suggests
that it is not the medium as such, but its interaction with other contextual preconditions that is decisive for the effects
of the introduction of email. Important factors are the physical localization of co-workers in the near and remote editorial
environment as well as their organisational roles in the time-critical news production process. Together, these relationships
create a significantly more complex picture than previous studies of what happens when a new communication technology is introduced.
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4.
The Web has transformed the way organizations interact with clients, customers, and constituents. A large portion of these
groups is often neglected, namely people with disabilities. This study compares federal government, non-profit organization
(NPO), and corporate homepages accessibility to determine how accessible these websites are to people with disabilities and
how they compare to each other. The results indicate that federal homepages (23%), which are mandated to be accessible, are
significantly more accessible than NPO (11%) and corporate homepages (6%).
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5.
Research on hybrid bionic systems (HBSs) is still in its infancy but promising results have already been achieved in laboratories.
Experiments on humans and animals show that artificial devices can be controlled by neural signals. These results suggest
that HBS technologies can be employed to restore sensorimotor functionalities in disabled and elderly people. At the same
time, HBS research raises ethical concerns related to possible exogenous and endogenous limitations to human autonomy and
freedom. The analysis of these concerns requires reflecting on the availability of scientific models accounting for key aspects
of sensorimotor coordination and plastic adaptation mechanisms in the brain.
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6.
In a globalised economy the accessibility of services becomes increasingly important for businesses. This has led to a demand
that information systems should be ubiquitous in the sense that they are available to all users under all circumstances, everywhere
and at all times, and independent of the access devices and channels used. The authors believe the key to meeting that demand
is existence of an omnipresent media of interaction and existence of information systems that within that media adapt themselves
to context parameters at run-time. The World Wide Web is considered as that omnipresent media. Thus, the task is left to design
adaptive information systems in a way that avoids unnecessary replication. In this article it will be shown how context parameters
can be utilised to enable system adaptivity. The latter is supposed to increase usability and targets the quality of use,
the content, and the functionality. We propose using an algebraic approach that aids in providing the leanest appropriate
interface via user typing and story boarding. Our approach furthermore limits the content delivered to a user to the amount
that can be dealt with in a usage scenario. The latter is based on defining hyphenation points within the content.
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7.
Awareness systems have attracted significant research interest for their potential to support interpersonal relationships.
Investigations of awareness systems for the domestic environment have suggested that such systems can help individuals stay
in touch with dear friends or family and provide affective benefits to their users. Our research provides empirical evidence
to refine and substantiate such suggestions. We report our experience with designing and evaluating the ASTRA awareness system,
for connecting households and mobile family members. We introduce the concept of connectedness and its measurement through
the Affective Benefits and Costs of communication questionnaire (ABC-Q). We inform results that testify the benefits of sharing
experiences at the moment they happen without interrupting potential receivers. Finally, we document the role that lightweight,
picture-based communication can play in the range of communication media available.
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8.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
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9.
The paper reflects on the unique experience of social and technological development in Lithuania since the regaining of independence
as a newly reshaped society constructing a distinctive competitive IST-based model at global level. This has presented Lithuanian
pattern of how to integrate different experiences and relations between generations in implementing complex information society
approaches. The resulting programme in general is linked to the Lisbon objectives of the European Union. The experience of
transitional countries in Europe, each different but facing some common problems, may be useful to developing countries in
Africa.
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10.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
11.
eb
3 is a trace-based formal language created for the specification of information systems. In eb
3, each entity and association attribute is independently defined by a recursive function on the valid traces of external events.
This paper describes an algorithm that generates, for each external event, a transaction that updates the value of affected
attributes in their relational database representation. The benefits are twofold: eb
3 attribute specifications are automatically translated into executable programs, eliminating system design and implementation
steps; the construction of information systems is streamlined, because eb
3 specifications are simpler and shorter to write than corresponding traditional specifications, design and implementations.
In particular, the paper shows that simple eb
3 constructs can replace complex SQL queries which are typically difficult to write.
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12.
Many people enter queries to Google or Yahoo! in order to search useful information from the Web. Queries given to search
engines can be regarded as the resources for detecting people’s information needs. It is often reported that many people perform
search intensively after worldwide disasters or accidents. This paper describes a method for detecting such breaking news
from search queries that are available online. In our method, real time search queries are obtained and filtered with news
words extracted from a news site. Experimental results show that our method has abilities of detecting breaking news from
more than 25 million search queries for six months.
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13.
We introduce a system for sensing complex social systems with data collected from 100 mobile phones over the course of 9 months.
We demonstrate the ability to use standard Bluetooth-enabled mobile telephones to measure information access and use in different
contexts, recognize social patterns in daily user activity, infer relationships, identify socially significant locations,
and model organizational rhythms.
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14.
The multiprocessor edf scheduling of sporadic task systems is studied. A new sufficient schedulability test is presented and proved correct. It
is shown that this test generalizes the previously-known exact uniprocessor edf-schedulability test, and that it offers non-trivial quantitative guarantees (including a resource augmentation bound) on
multiprocessors.
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15.
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
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16.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
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17.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
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18.
Recent scandals concerning the discovery of fraud committed by a few high profile companies has reinforced a need for innovative
approaches to detecting fraudulent company behavior. Fraud detection experts agree that many of the critical clues to fraud,
such as frequent management and auditor changes, can be found in qualitative sources such as news articles, press releases,
and footnotes accompanying financial statements. This paper presents a simulated multi-agent system that learns how to collect
valuable events from textual sources with pinpoint precision, utilizing the best content providers for each event type while
minimizing the overall cost.
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19.
This paper proposes a visualization method of news distribution in Blog space. Recently, Blog is becoming one of the important
information resources on the Web, from which trend information can be obtained. On the other hand, online news site is another
information resource, which reports latest events in the world. This paper focuses on the combination of both resources, and
proposes a method for visualizing news distribution in Blog space, which indicates various access patterns to news articles
in Blog space. The types of objects that are to be visualized as well as their relationships are defined, based on which interactive
information visualization system is proposed. Experiments with test subjects are performed to investigate the viewpoints they
employ for examining news distribution in Blog space. The results show that test subjects can examine news distribution in
Blog space from various viewpoints, which affects their estimation of the impacts of news articles.
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20.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
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