几种药剂防除高羊茅草坪淡剑夜蛾药效试验

试验结果表明,40%丙溴磷EC和18.1%富锐EC对淡剑夜蛾速效性好,持效期长,24%美满SE速效性较差,但持效期长,这3种药剂均可有效防除草坪中淡剑夜蛾。杀灭菊酯效果较差,已产生抗性。     

不同杀菌剂防治甜椒炭疽病药效试验

试验表明：35％克菌EC700倍、45％福星WP600倍、50％多福WP600倍防治甜椒炭疽病，施药3次，效果分别达88．7％、86．2％和85．3％，优于其他杀菌剂，可在生产上推广应用。     

世高防治西瓜炭疽病药效试验

10%世高水分散颗粒剂是瑞士诺华公司研制的一种新型广谱杀菌剂。对许多高等真菌引起的作物病害都具有优良的保护和治疗作用。为验证其防治西瓜炭疽病的药效,为大面积应用提供依据而进行本试验。     

卫福包衣法防治大豆炭疽病试验

以40%卫福胶悬剂250ml拌100kg大豆种子能显著提高大豆成苗率,增强大豆幼苗素质,对大豆炭疽病的病指防效达56.3%~70.1%,大面积示范增产21.1%~25.3%。     

拌增合剂防治西瓜炭疽病试验简报

西瓜炭疽病是我地西瓜生长中后期较为严重的病害。拌种双用于防治西瓜炭疽病已有实例,但拌增合剂(拌种双十增产菌)防病增产效果尚未见报道,为明确拌增合剂的增产效果和使用技术,我们在连续三年大面积应用拌种双试验示范的基础上,1989年又在丹徒县高资     

9种杀菌剂防治苹果炭疽病田间药效试验

9种杀菌剂防治苹果炭疽病田间试验结果表明:在发病前施药防治苹果炭疽病,试验中9种杀菌剂均具有较好防效,在处理剂量范围内对果树安全.第6次药后调查,制剂用量60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联水分散粒剂1 000 mg/kg的防效最高,显著优于其他各药剂处理;其次为25%咪鲜胺乳油1 333.2 mg/kg,70%代森联水分散粒剂1428.5 mg/kg,25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油333.3 mg/kg,防效达88%以上.生产上应在发病前施药,间隔7～10 d喷药1次,连喷5次以上.     

50%施保功WP防治烟草炭疽病药效试验

用50％施保功WP1000、1500、2000、2500倍液和70％甲基硫菌灵800倍液防治烟草炭疽病，进行药效对比试验，试验结果分析表明：使用50％施保功WP1000倍液防治烟草炭疽病效果最好，防治率达到90．8％。     

基于UPLC-Q.Exactive-MS技术分析高羊茅在萘胁迫下的代谢组学影响

萘作为典型的稠环芳烃,其在环境中的行为引起了人们的广泛关注。高羊茅适应性强且抗逆性突出,已被证明具有降解多环芳烃的能力。以高羊茅为研究对象,在水培环境下以100 mg/L萘对高羊茅进行胁迫处理,分别在第12 h,3 d和9 d时取样,通过UPLC-Q·Exactive-MS技术分析,结合Mzmine软件、MetaboAnalyst 5. 0网站以及KEGG数据库,探究高羊茅在萘胁迫下的代谢组学影响,推断出萘的两种代谢产物分别为异喹啉(Isoquinoline)、苯并呋喃(Benzofuran)。     

“嘧菌酯＋恶醚唑”对西瓜炭疽病和枯萎病的防治作用的研究

室内研究了“嘧菌酯＋恶醚唑”对西瓜枯萎病菌和西瓜炭疽病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌芽的抑制效果，结果表明：嘧菌酯与恶醚唑以1：2混配时，混剂对病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌芽菌具有显著的抑制作用。田间试验研究了“嘧菌酯＋恶醚唑”对西瓜枯萎病和西瓜炭疽病的防治作用，结果表明：嘧菌酯与恶醚唑以1：2混配时，混剂对西瓜炭疽病和枯萎病具有良好的防治效果。同时，混剂可以明显提高西瓜的含糖量、Vc含量、可溶性固形物含量。     

拌种双防治柑桔炭疽病和脂点黄斑病试验

柑桔炭疽病和柑桔脂点黄斑病是柑桔生产上的二种主要病害。柑桔树体受害后,引起枯枝和落叶,影响树势和产量。目前,在生产上防治这两种病害主要是用多菌灵。由于多菌灵的使用时间达10余年,防治效果已不十分理想。因此,寻找一种新的杀菌剂来取代多菌灵或与多菌灵交替轮换使用,是一项势在必行的工作。作者在1994年至1992年用拌种双(系由拌种灵和福美双复配而成),对柑桔炭疽病和柑桔脂点黄斑病进行了防治试验,现将结果整理如下。     

Symbiont Regulation and Reducing Ergot Alkaloid Concentration by Breeding Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue

Ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) are responsible for livestock toxicosis. The host plant is capable of modifying the extent to which endophyte produces ergot alkaloids, possibly via endophyte nutrition by the host. Endophytes vary in alkaloid production. Maintaining the E+ tall fescue is essential for plant survival. Therefore, crop scientists are interested in reducing alkaloid concentration of E+ tall fescue. The objectives of this study were to determine maternal and paternal effects as an estimate of plant and endophyte genotype interactions for ergot alkaloid phenotype and the heritability of the ergot alkaloid trait in divergently selected E+ tall fescue populations. Diallel crosses were conducted among four tall fescue genotypes that varied in alkaloid concentration. Five of six crosses had progeny means less than the parental means when genotypes with lowest alkaloid were the female parents. Four of six crosses had progeny means similar to the parental means of crosses when high alkaloid genotypes were the female parents. Large ranges in progeny suggest an interaction between endophyte and plant affects alkaloid phenotype. In a second experiment, a tall fescue population was screened for alkaloid concentration. Low- and high-alkaloid plants were selected and poly-crossed within each class. Mean alkaloid concentrations of the high- and low-alkaloid progeny were higher or lower than the parental population. The trait was highly heritable and alkaloid concentration was reduced by 86% in the low-alkaloid population after two generations of selection.     

溶解乙炔气瓶型式试验防护探究

对溶解乙炔型式试验中四个试验项目的危险性进行了分析,对其可能产生的燃烧、爆炸的机理进行了解释并提出了解决途径,最终得出结论,只要防护得当,试验中的危险性是可防可控的。     

Chemotaxis Disruption in Pratylenchus Scribneri by Tall Fescue Root Extracts and Alkaloids

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) forms a symbiotic relationship with the clavicipitalean fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Endophyte-infected grass is tolerant to nematode, but the factors responsible are unknown. One objective of this work was to determine if root extracts of tall fescue effected chemoreceptor activity of Pratylenchus scribneri by using an in vitro chemoreception bioassay. Another objective was to determine if specific ergot alkaloids (ergovaline, ergotamine, a-ergocryptine, ergonovine), and loline alkaloids, all produced by the fungal endophyte, altered chemotaxis with this bioassay. Methanolic extract from roots altered chemotaxis activities in this nematode but only from roots of plants cultured 45 ≥ d, which repelled nematodes. Extracts prepared from noninfected grasses were attractants. This assay indicated that the alkaloids were either repellents or attractants. N-formylloline was an attractant at concentrations of 20 μg/ml and lower, while at higher concentrations it was a repellent. Ergovaline, the major ergot alkaloid produced by the endophyte, was repellent at both high and low concentrations and caused complete death of the nematodes.     

Neotyphodium coenophialum Mycelial Protein and Herbage Mass Effects on Ergot Alkaloid Concentration in Tall Fescue

Livestock grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pastures often suffer from ergot poisoning. The endophyte,Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin, comb. nov., also provides drought-tolerant, insect-resistant, and disease-resistant qualities to the plant. Therefore, producers are faced with a biological dilemma of risking loss of pasture by using endophyte-free tall fescue pasture or animal losses with endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture. One potential solution is to breed endophyte-infected tall fescue with lower levels of alkaloids. However, breeding could select for plants that are antagonistic to the endophyte, resulting in reduced plant vigor as a consequence of disruption of the mutualistic association between the organisms. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between plant mass and endophyte mycelial proteins versus ergot alkaloid concentration. To examine the endophyte effect on mycelial mass, tissue culture regenerants from tall fescue genotype PDN2 were infected with endophyte isolates EDN11, EDN12, and EDN2 to eliminate confounding effects of multiple plant genotypes. Crosses with PDN11 as the maternal parent and plant genotypes DN2, DN12, and DN15 as paternal parents were used to produce a population of different plant genotypes, all containing the same endophyte. Fungal mycelial protein was extracted from lyophilized tall fescue leaf sheath tissue and immunochemically quantified with monoclonal antibodies specific toN. coenophialum proteins. Ergot alkaloid concentration was also immunochemically measured. Quantities of mycelial protein and ergot alkaloids were calculated by regressing experimental values against standards of each. There was no correlation between herbage mass and alkaloid concentration or fungal protein quantity and alkaloid concentration when different fungal isolates were inserted into the same plant genotype. Coefficients of determination (r ²) were low (0.31 and 0.17) between leaf sheath and leaf blade alkaloid concentrations and endophyte protein when different plant genotypes contained the same endophyte isolate. Likewise,r ² values were low between leaf sheath and leaf blade alkaloid concentrations and herbage mass. These data suggest that little or no antagonism occurred to the endophyte among plants low in alkaloid concentration.     

Alkaloid Quantities in Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue are Affected by the Plant-Fungus Combination and Environment

Many grass species are symbiotic with systemic, vertically-transmitted, asymptomatic Epichloë endophytic fungi. These fungi often produce alkaloids that defend the host against herbivores. We studied how environmental variables affect alkaloids in endophyte-infected tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix) from three Northern European wild origins and the widely planted US cultivar ‘Kentucky-31’ (KY31). The plants were grown in identical common garden experiments in Finland and Kentucky for two growing seasons. Plants were left as controls (C) or given water (W), nutrient (N) or water and nutrient (WN) treatments. For 8–10 replications of each plant origin and treatment combination in both experiments, we analyzed ergot alkaloids, lysergic acid, and lolines. In Finland, tall fescue plants produced 50 % more ergot alkaloids compared to plants of the same origin and treatments in Kentucky. Origin of the plants affected the ergot alkaloid concentration at both study sites: the wild origin plants produced 2–4 times more ergot alkaloids than KY31, but the ergot alkaloid concentration of KY31 plants was the same at both locations. Overall lysergic acid content was 60 % higher in plants grown in Kentucky than in those grown in Finland. Nutrient treatments (N, WN) significantly increased ergot alkaloid concentrations in plants from Finland but not in plants from Kentucky. These results suggest that the success of KY31 in US is not due to selection for high ergot alkaloid production but rather other traits associated with the endophyte. In addition, the environmental effects causing variation in alkaloid production of grass-endophyte combinations should be taken into account when using endophyte-infected grasses agriculturally.     

吡唑醚菌酯对大豆炭疽病防效及保健增产作用

[目的]吡唑醚菌酯是巴斯夫公司开发的一种高活性的具有保健作用的QoI类杀菌剂.主要研究了吡唑醚菌酯对大豆炭疽病的田间防效及其对大豆的保健增产作用.[结果]田间防效试验结果表明:25％吡唑醚菌酯EC67.5、100、135 g a.i./hm2对大豆炭疽病的防效分别为58.5％、75.8％和85.7％;18.3％ Opera SC 90、110g a.i./hm2的防效分别为69.6％和82.5％;对照药剂25％丙环唑EC 169 g a.i./hm2的防效为61.2％.在使用吡唑醚菌酯处理后的田块,大豆的产量、株高、底荚高度和百粒质量显著提高,但对大豆植株的有效分枝数、主茎节数、每株结荚数并未产生影响.[结论]用吡唑醚菌酯处理后,大豆豆荚的颜色更为鲜亮美观,颗粒饱满,提高了大豆的品质.     

管道水压试验过程控制及风险防范

管道压力试验是在管道安装完毕、冷试前,为检验其强度、密封性而设的一道关键工序,施工单位必须按设计和规范要求,对试验做出具体的试压方案,并按方案要求逐项落实实施情况,包括人、机、料、法、环五大方面准备,试验实施过程和试验后系统恢复,基于压力试验作业的危险性,必须对关键步骤进行风险评估,及早防范可能出现的意外,使整个试验过程有序可控进行,另外,对试验过程的关键状态、参数记录进行了叙述。     

锂离子电池过充保护添加剂研究进展

介绍了电聚合添加剂与氧化还原对添加荆对锂离子电池的过充保护机理;论述了上述两类过充保护添加剂的研究进展。并对过充保护添加荆的发展前景进行了预测。     

储罐采用海水试压的防腐

在地面上建石油储罐,水压试验是储罐建设必不可少的一个重要环节,在沿海地区建设储罐,利用海水做水压试验既可以节省投资,又可以减少淡水资源的浪费,但是防腐是必需解决的问题。阐述了海水对金属腐蚀的原理,介绍了采用阴极保护的方法,解决在试压过程中海水对储罐腐蚀问题,达到了理想的效果。