QoS-Constrained information-theoretic sum capacity of reverse link CDMA. Systems

The information-theoretic sum capacity of reverse link CDMA systems with QoS constraints is investigated in this paper. Since the reverse link of CDMA systems are, for a given channel and noise conditions, interference-limited, the sum capacity can be achieved by optimally allocating the transmit powers of the mobile stations with the optimal (Shannon) coding. Unfortunately, the sum capacity is usually achieved via unfair resource allocation. This can be avoided by imposing QoS constraints on the system. The results here show that for a single cell system, the sum capacity can be achieved while meeting the QoS constraints with a semi-bang-bang power allocation strategy. Numerical results are then presented to show the multi-user diversity gain and the impact of QoS constraints. The implication of TDM operation in a practical reverse link CDMA system is also discussed.     

Performance analysis of cellular CDMA networks overfrequency-selective fading channel

An effect of multipath fading on the performance of a cellular code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is analyzed in this paper. A wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) channel model and the coherent binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) with asynchronous direct-sequence (DS) spreading signal are assumed in the analysis. The average error probability for both the forward link and reverse link of a cellular CDMA system over a frequency-selective fading channel using a conventional correlation-type receiver and RAKE receiver are derived. The impact of imperfect power control and channel capacity of a cellular CDMA system is also investigated. The closed forms of average error probability derived in the paper can save a lot of computation time to analyze the performance and channel capacity of a cellular CDMA system. The analytical results show that the performance and maximum transmission rate of cellular CDMA systems degrade with an increase in the number of simultaneous users and the number of interfering cells. The signal-to-interface ratio (SIR) for the reverse link derived in this paper can directly describe the interrelationships among a number of paths, number of users, number of interfering cells, fading factors, and maximum variation of a received unfaded signal     

Capacity, throughput, and delay analysis of a cellular DS CDMAsystem with imperfect power control and imperfect sectorization

An analytical model is developed to evaluate the performance of a cellular slotted DS CDMA system in terms of user capacity, throughput, and delay for the reverse link, i.e., from mobile to base station, considering interference from both home cell and adjacent cells. The user capacity is studied for voice communications and the throughput and delay are investigated for data communications. The effect of both imperfect power control and imperfect sectorization on the performance is investigated. It is shown that the system is rather sensitive to small power control errors and that voice activity monitoring and sectorization are good methods to improve the performance of cellular DS CDMA systems     

DS/CDMA closed-loop power control with adaptive algorithm

Closed-loop power control in the reverse link of a DS/CDMA system is analysed. The transmitter/receiver based on IS-95 and the radio propagation channel under mobile communication environments are modelled and a new power control algorithm is proposed. This algorithm utilises the burst error characteristics of the channel and can be directly applied to the current IS-95 system. The new power control algorithm, with respect to the SIR (signal to interference ratio), increases the service quality, and finally, enhances the system capacity     

Repeaters for hotspot capacity in DS-CDMA networks

Currently, wireless operators around the world are building code-division multiple-access (CDMA) based radio access networks and big efforts are made to find the most cost effective way to do so. In this paper, the novel use of repeaters in a direct-sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) system such as UMTS to improve capacity in areas with hotspots (small areas with increased traffic volume) is studied through static Monte Carlo simulations. The performance of the repeaters is shown to be sensitive to tuning of the repeater gain. With correct tuning, the simulations show that the repeaters are very beneficial for the downlink, which is the capacity-limiting link. When repeaters covering the hotspots are introduced, the system is thus seen to tolerate more hotspot traffic. For a scenario in which the hotspots are located close to the cell border, the system tolerates approximately twice as high hotspot traffic load. For hotspots located halfway between the base station and the cell border, the system tolerates approximately 80% more hotspot traffic load. Also in the uplink, more hotspot traffic is tolerated when repeaters are introduced. The effect is smaller than for the downlink, however. The results indicate that repeaters are well suited to increase capacity of a WCDMA /UMTS system in hotspot areas.     

CDMA/TDD移动通信系统的一种信道分配方案

未来的CDMA/TDD移动通信系统中存在话音和上下行链路业务量不等的数据业务,使传统的上下行等容量的信道分配方案不再适应业务的要求。提出了一种CDMA/TDD移动通信系统中上下行链路业务量不等时,信道资源分配方案。仿真结果表明,该方案可大大提高系统业务容量。     

直放站在移动通信网中存在的问题及对策

直放站作为移动通信基站系统的有效补充,可以经济、迅速、有效地填补盲区,改善网络质量,带来可观的经济效益,在网络中得到广泛的应用。但是由于CDMA网络自身的特性,CDMA直放站在使用过程中,会出现各种各样的问题。就CDMA直放站在应用过程中存在选址不当造成掉话率高、直放站质量原因引起的问题、直放站设计不当引发问题等提出相应的解决办法。     

The capacity of digital links in tandem

Suppose we haveLdigital links in tandem. Between successive links we have a repeater. The links are each white Gaussian channels with no bandwidth constraint. The repeater may either be a {em binary repeater}, which sends on each bit separately having made a binary decision on each, or a {em Shannon repeater}, which perfectly reproduces at one end the bits that were transmitted at the other end of the link. What is the loss in capacity if we use only binary repeaters and code for the entire L links at the transmit end? For largeL, the capacity drops by a factor asymptotic to InL, and the normalized optimum timeTper symbolT_{opt}^{L}is also asymptotic toln L. Arbitrarily shortLgives0capacity forL > 1. More precise asymptotic results are obtained and compared with computed numerical values. These results show when it pays to code each link separately in digital data transmission.     

5G演进：网络控制直放站

射频直放站在 2G、3G 和 4G 的部署均用于增强蜂窝网络的覆盖。虽然传统射频直放站提供了一种经济高效的方法用于扩展网络覆盖范围,但其仅能依照固定配置对信号执行放大和转发操作,无法依照网络调度和控制对该行为进行灵活调整。介绍了 5G 演进中的网络控制直放站,作为对传统射频直放站的增强,网络控制直放站具有从网络侧接收针对直放站控制信息的能力,并依据此信息以更有效的方式执行其放大和转发操作,包括实现信号在空间域的定向增强、直放站的动态使能和简化的网络集成。     

直放站监管系统中通信流程的研究

为了达到使运营商实现对各种类型直放站进行统一监控管理的目的,采用与运营商的短信中心进行网络通信,进而与直放站进行通信的技术方法,提出了一种功能完善的直放站监控管理方案,设计了直放站监控管理系统与直放站之间上行链路和下行链路所传送的信息内容以及各信息的具体传送流程,获得良好的监控效果,且已经应用到实际的工程项目中。该方案具有通用性强,稳定性好,实现简单易行的特点,能够对不同厂商的不同设备进行统一监控。     

Performance analysis of forward link beamforming techniques forDS/CDMA systems using base station antenna arrays

The performance of DS/CDMA systems using forward link beamforming and RAKE diversity combining is investigated analytically in frequency selective fading channels, whereas previous studies have resorted to Monte Carlo simulations in flat fading channels. The capacity of DS/CDMA systems is considerably improved by employing forward link beamforming     

800 Mbit/s Digital Transmission System Over Coaxial Cable

800 Mbit/s digital transmission systems, using nonredundant three-level and four-level codes, have been studied as a means of providing an economically attractive digital transmission system. These systems have been designed to be compatible with a 60 MHz analog system in repeater spacing and repeater size, so as to be easily introduced into the existing network. These systems with 11 520 telephone channels, exceed the 60 MHz analog system in both capacity and economy. Due to repeater construction factors, it became clear that the three-level code is more suitable. This paper describes the design and performance of 800 Mbit/s digital transmission systems and repeaters.     

CDMA直放站设计漫谈

通过对CDMA直放站的干扰、切换、前向反向链路预算问题的分析，提出设置CDMA直放站时，应注意的事项。     

On the Capacity Enhancement of a Cellular CDMA Channel with Asymmetrical Bandwidth Allocation

Capacity enhancement of cellular CDMA is analyzed using an asymmetrical-bandwidth-allocation approach. Cellular CDMA systems with and without successive interference cancellation are considered. The main source of interference is interuser interference and, in particular, a 9-cell configuration is employed to account for interference from surrounding cells. By transferring more bandwidth or, equivalently, processing gain from the forward link to the reverse link, we have effectively balanced their performance and raised the overall capacity of the cellular system. The optimum bandwidth allocation is easily obtained from the performance curves of both links. For a typical cellular CDMA with a bit error rate of 10-³, the capacity gain of this approach is about 40%. If successive interference cancellation is employed and both links have the same quality, then both links should have equal bandwidth. However, in a situation where imperfect power control occurs, our studies indicate that using interference cancellation alone achieves a 25% increase in capacity, while enhancement with an asymmetrical bandwidth allocation overlay raises this gain to 68%.     

有线接入移频直放站对GSM灵敏度影响分析

文章介绍了与全球移动通信系统(GSM)接收灵敏度和有线接入移频直放站相关的基本概念,完整地计算出了极限工程应用环境下基站和直放站的接收灵敏度,并分析了不同的直放站上行链路增益分配对整个系统灵敏度的影响,最后给出直放站工程应用中合理分配链路增益以优化系统灵敏度的方法.     

Low-power on-chip communication based on transition-aware global signaling (TAGS)

In this paper, we propose a new circuit structure, the transition aware global signaling (TAGS) receiver, that detects transitions at arbitrary switch points. The major performance advantage of this circuit occurs when it switches before the 50% point in the input transition. The TAGS receiver stores the next state of the line while quiet. Upon detection of a transition at the end of the line the output is temporarily driven by the stored next state. Transitions at the output of the receiver are much faster than at the end of the line since they are generated locally. Its ability to detect transitions before a standard inverter and locally generate them at its output, allows its use at the end of long interconnects with fewer repeaters for the same delay as the standard repeater paradigm. The need for fewer repeaters with the TAGS scheme results in lower power consumption for on-chip global communication, while also reducing the placement overhead involved with large buffer blocks. This is shown in the context of bus optimizations, where TAGS achieves up to 50% reduction in power compared to standard repeaters. In an industrial 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process, TAGS receivers enable 8-mm-long buses at 1.5-GHz clock rates without repeaters, while the traditional scheme required three repeaters on the line. An extensive analysis of crosstalk noise in the bus environment shows that TAGS can handle the noise levels produced in typical bus structures. Also, the variation of delay in the bus structure under worst-case power supply noise for the TAGS scheme is typically smaller than the delay variation using the standard repeater scheme.     

CDMA直放站噪声系数对基站影响分析及改进

本针对CDMA直放站噪声系数对基站系统性能的影响进行了理论分析，并根据以上理论分析及实际应用中的经验总结，提供几种良好的解决方案。在CDMA直放站系统设计和实际应用中具有重要的参考价值。     

Reverse link capacity analysis of a CDMA cellular system with mixedcell sizes

The demands for mobile communication services are growing rapidly. In heavily populated areas, cell splits are unavoidable to increase the capacity of the cellular system. Cell splitting makes a cellular system have mixed cell sizes. For cell planning, it is necessary to analyze the reverse link capacity of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) cellular system with mixed cell sizes. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate the reverse link capacity of a CDMA cellular system with mixed cell sizes. When a macro cell is split into three micro cells, as an example, we calculate the reverse link capacities for the three micro cells and the neighboring macro cells. The results show that as the radius of a micro cell decreases, the reverse link capacity of the micro cell increases, while those of the neighboring macro cells decrease     

CDMA直放站对无线网络的影响及分析

分析了CDMA直放站对无线网络基站产生的噪声影响和直放站时延对系统搜索窗参数的影响，介绍了本文所采用的测试方法和直放站工程参数设置建议。     

CDMA移动通信系统的干扰分析

在分析CDMA移动通信系统所产生的干扰的基础上。结合CDMA直放系统的研制,着重分析了CDMA系统本身具有的多址干扰的成因及解决措施;并就CDMA无线传输直放站对CDMA系统的干扰的产生。以及如何在系统中限制这种干扰,从而得到最大的容量进行了分析与探讨。