N,N′-乙撑双[N(乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺]的合成与性能评价

以乙二胺、2-氯乙基磺酸钠、月桂酸等为原料合成了N,N′-乙撑双[N(乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺](简记为DTM-12)。以IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了初步表征。该目标产物水溶液的CMC(0.5 mmol/L)分别是十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠的1/16和1/20,γCMC(29.7 mN/m)低8~9 mN/m。DTM-12分别与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和辛基酚聚乙氧基醚9-10EO(Triton X-100)组成的复配体系在摩尔比为3∶7时,CMC达到0.106和0.049 mmol/L,γCMC达到25.4和31.7 mN/m,优于十二烷基磺酸钠组成的复配体系。DTM-12还具有良好的起泡性和稳泡性。     

N,N'-乙撑双[N(乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺]的合成与性能评价

以乙二胺、2-氯乙基磺酸钠、月桂酸等为原料合成了N,N'-乙撑双[N(乙磺酸钠)-十二酰胺](简记为DTM-12).以IR和1HNMR对其结构进行了初步表征.该目标产物水溶液的CMC(0.5 mmol/L)分别是十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠的1/16和1/20,γCMC(29.7 mN/m)低8～9 mN/m.DTM-12分别与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和辛基酚聚乙氧基醚9-10EO(Triton X-100)组成的复配体系在摩尔比为3∶7时,CMC达到0.106和0.049 mmol/L,γCMC达到25.4和31.7 mN/m,优于十二烷基磺酸钠组成的复配体系.DTM-12还具有良好的起泡性和稳泡性.     

HTM-12表面活性剂的合成及表面活性

以无水对氨基苯磺酸、1,4-二溴丁烷合成了N,N’-(二对苯磺酸)丁二胺,再与溴代十二烷反应合成N,N’-(十二烷基二对苯磺酸钠)丁二胺(简称HTM-12),合成了带有两个疏水长链的双磺酸盐表面活性剂。该产物水溶液的cmc(7.0×10-4mol/L)是SDBS和DTAB的1/14和1/23,γcmc(26.8 N/m)分别比SDBS(39.0 mN/m)和DTAB(38.9 mN/m)低12.2 mN/m和12.1 mN/m。HTM-12和DTAB复配产生了明显的协同效应。在实验范围的任意配比条件下,HTM-12/DTAB体系的表面活性比SDBS/DTAB高得多。HTM-12∶DTAB=3∶7(摩尔比)时,复配体系的cmc为2.15×10-4mmol/L,γcmc=22.3 mN/m;与SDBS/DTAB的最优化配比(1∶1)相比较,cmc仅为后者的1/3.5,γcmc低10.8 mN/m。     

酰胺型双子表面活性剂ZK-12的合成与性能研究

以丁二酸、二氯亚砜、对氨基苯磺酸、溴代十二烷等为原料,合成了酰胺型磺酸盐双子表面活性剂ZK-12。采用IR光谱对产物的结构进行了初步鉴定。ZK-12和AEO复配产生了较好的协同效应。该目标产物水溶液的cmc(5.0×10-4 mol/L)是SDBS的1/20,γcmc(22.4 mN/m)比SDBS(41.0 mN/m)低18.6 mN/m。并考察了乙醇对ZK-12表面活性的影响。     

一类反应型两性表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、顺丁烯二酸酐和烷基溴为主要原料,合成了不同烷基链长的反应型两性表面活性剂M10、M12和M14。经FT-IR、ESI-MS、~1H-NMR验证了目标产物,测定了M10、M12和M14水溶液中的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和相应的表面张力(γ_(cmc))及泡沫、润湿、乳化和溶解性能。结果表明,M10、M12、M14的cmc在25℃分别为5.89×10~(-4),2.63×10~(-4)和1.35×10~(-4)mol/L,γ_(cmc)分别为31.26,28.79和26.87 mN/m;M14的泡沫、乳化和润湿性能好于M10、M12,溶解性能比M10、M12的稍差。     

N-月桂酰基-N′-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐的合成与性能研究

以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料合成N-月桂酰基-N′-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐(简称两性乙酸钠)表面活性剂,考察了其水溶液的表面化学性能和应用性能。得到两性乙酸钠的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.015×10-3mol/L,最低表面张力(γcmc)为26.34 mN/m,等电点为pH 4.21~7.88;以二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光法测定体系的胶束聚集数(N),得8cmc时N为18。     

N-月桂酰基-N''''-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐的合成与性能研究

以月桂酸、羟乙基乙二胺和氯乙酸钠为原料合成N-月桂酰基-N'-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐(简称两性乙酸钠)表面活性剂,考察了其水溶液的表面化学性能和应用性能.得到两性乙酸钠的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.015×10-3 mol/L,最低表面张力(γcmc)为26.34 mN/m,等电点为pH 4.21～7.88;以二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光法测定体系的胶束聚集数(N),得8cmc时N为18.     

甲基偶联双（烷基酚磺酸钠）型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

本文采用甲醛为偶联剂对长链烷基酚进行缩合,合成了可以制备Gemini表面活性剂的疏水骨架——甲基偶联双（烷基酚）（MBA）。将MBA磺化及中和制得了Gemini表面活性剂甲基偶联双（烷基酚磺酸钠）（MBSA）。采用IR、ESI-MS验证了MBSA的结构,并测定了两种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、增溶能力、润湿力、泡沫性能、乳化力、钙皂分散力及耐电解质能力。结果表明,甲基偶联双（壬基酚磺酸钠）（MBSN）的cmc为5.9×10-4mol/L,γcmc为30.0mN/m;甲基偶联双（十二烷基酚磺酸钠）（MBSD）的cmc为4.6×10-4mol/L,γcmc为32.0mN/m。其cmc均比普通表面活性剂低一个数量级;疏水基长的MBSD比疏水基短的MBSN表面活性更强,但耐电解质能力反而降低。     

一种双磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成与表面性能研究

以无水对氨基苯磺酸、1,2-二溴乙烷、溴代十二烷等为主要原料制备了双阴离子(Gemini)表面活性剂N,N’-(十二烷基二对苯磺酸钠)乙二胺(HY-12)。采用IR光谱测试技术对目标产物的结构进行了初步鉴定,并考察了无机盐对HY-12表面活性的影响。该目标产物水溶液的cmc(5.0×10-4mol/L)是十二烷基磺酸钠的1/20,在临界胶束浓度下的γcmc(27.5 mN/m)比十二烷基磺酸钠(39.0 mN/m)低11.5 mN/m。目标产物与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)复配产生了较好的协同效应。     

烷基硼酸二乙醇胺酯表面活性剂的合成及表面活性的研究

以二乙醇胺同硼酸为原料合成硼酸二乙醇胺酯,然后与十二酸甲酯及溴代十二烷合成了十二酰胺硼酸二乙醇胺酯(RNOB)和N-十二烷基硼酸二乙醇胺酯(RNB),并利用红外、元素分析和核磁对其结构进行了表征,采用了表面张力法确定了RNOB和RNB的临界胶束浓度(cmc),考察了盐度、pH对cmc的影响。结果表明:RNOB与RNB的cmc和γcmc分别为4×10-4mol/L和1 2×10-4mol/L;33 3mN/m和31 5mN/m。pH=10时,RNOB-0 1mol/LNaCl和RNB-0 1mol/LNaCl溶液的cmc比不含NaCl的小。RNOB-0 1mol/LNaCl和RNB-0 1mol/LNaCl的cmc随着PH值的下降而增加,对RNOB-0 1mol/LNaCl溶液,在pH=4时由于水解使γcmc下降。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。