A modified multi-grid algorithm for a novel variational model to remove multiplicative noise

This paper proposes a novel variational model and a fast algorithm for its numerical approximation to remove multiplicative noise from digital images. By applying a maximum a posteriori (MAP), we obtained a strictly convex objective functional whose minimization leads to non-linear partial differential equations. As a result, developing a fast numerical scheme is difficult because of the high nonlinearity and stiffness of the associated Euler-Lagrange equation and standard unilevel iterative methods are not appropriate. To this end, we develop an efficient non-linear multi-grid algorithm with an improved smoother. We also discuss a local Fourier analysis of the associated smoothers which leads to a new and more effective smoother. Experimental results using both synthetic and realistic images, illustrate advantages of our proposed model in visual improvement as well as an increase in the peak signal-to-noise ratio over comparing to related recent corresponding PDE methods. We compare numerical results of new multigrid algorithm via modified smoother with traditional time marching schemes and with multigrid method via (local and global) fixed point smoother as well.     

A novel simultaneous noise and input VSWR matching technique for broadband LNA

The Simultaneous Noise and Input Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) Matching (SNIM) condition for Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), in principle, can only be satisfied at a single frequency. In this paper, by analyzing the fundamental limitations of the narrowband SNIM technique for the broadband application, the authors present a broadband SNIM LNA systematic design technique. The designed LNA guided by the proposed methodology achieves 10 dB power gain with a low Noise Figure (NF) of 0.53 dB. Meanwhile, it provides wonderful input matching of 27 dB across the frequency range of 3∼5 GHz. Therefore, broadband SNIM is realized.     

一种改进的MIC的角点提取方法

针对基于多格算法的MIC角点检测方法易混淆边缘点和角点、遗漏角点及角点定位不够精确等缺点,在采用高分辨率的图像后,对低分辨率图像中的候选角点周围的2×2的像素点进行进一步计算,明显地减少了原算法由低分辨率到高分辨率的变化过程中角点的漏检和虚报的概率,同时用梯度的概念进行自适应插值,通过它对角点的候选点作进一步的筛选.测试结果表明提出的方法比改进前的MIC多格算法具有更好的效果.     

Interferogram noise reduction algorithm base on maximum A Posteriori estimate

Interferogram noise reduction is a very important processing step in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar （InSAR） technique. The most difficulty for this step is to remove the noises and preserve the fringes simultaneously. To solve the dilemma, a new interferogram noise reduction algorithm based on the Maximum A Posteriori （MAP） estimate is introduced in this paper. The algorithm is solved under the Total Generalized Variation （TGV） minimization assumption, which exploits the phase characteristics up to the second order differentiation. The ideal noise-free phase consisting of piecewise smooth areas is involved in this assumption, which is coincident with the natural terrain. In order to overcome the phase wraparound effect, complex plane filter is utilized in this algorithm. The simulation and real data experiments show the algorithm can reduce the noises effectively and meanwhile preserve the interferogram fringes very well.     

An optimal information hiding algorithm for speech in the Fractional Fourier Transform domain

With the increasing requirement of military and security, the technology of information hiding for speech becomes a hotspot and difficulty in the fields of speech signal processing and information security, which is developing rapidly. In order to stand against the stegano-analysis, the paper proposed an optimal information hiding algorithm for speech in the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) domain based on the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion. The results of simulation and experiments show that speech modified by the proposed algorithm has no remarkable changes both in time and frequency domains, which can effectively resist the time and frequency analysis, Otherwise, the algorithm is robust to general signal process attack, and the difference is imperceptible between the original and modified speech.     

On the performance of analog multiuser detection in ultra-wideband transmitted-reference system

The detection performance is evaluated for our proposed analog multiuser receiver in Ul-tra-WideBand (UWB) transmitted-reference system. In the presence of dense multipath and multi-access signals, the performance analysis is difficult due to the complicated waveform of received impulse. We de-velop an approach to analyze the steady-state Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise (SINR) of the detector out-put. The multipath-spread impulse is fitted to an exponentially decaying profile in the analysis. A closed-form expression of steady-state SINR is further deduced for the proposed Least Minimum Square (LMS) detector. The analysis is validated by simulations in Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) channel re-spectively. Based on the theoretical results, the multipath delay spread is employed to determine the optimal width of the integration window of the detector.     

CO-OFDM系统中基于维纳滤波的相位噪声ICI抑制算法

针对相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)通信系统中相位噪声引起的载波间干扰(ICI)问题,提出一种基于维纳滤波的相位噪声ICI抑制算法。算法不需要改变OFDM符号原有的结构,只需要利用相位噪声预先得到的统计数据,通过相关计算,得到ICI的修正项。由于没有在OFDM符号中添加额外的辅助数据,所以与ICI自消除算法相比,所提出的ICI抑制算法具有较高的频谱利用率。仿真结果表明,在相位噪声比率为10-4级别时,基于迭代检测的ICI消除算法的误码率(BER)趋于10-4,出现错误平层;而本文所提出的ICI抑制算法能够有效地降低错误平层,改善BER性能。     

A new labeling search algorithm for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding

Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding （BICM-ID） is a bandwidth efficient transmission, where the bit error rate is reduced through the iterative information exchange between the inner demapper and the outer decoder. The choice of the symbol mapping is the crucial design parameter. This paper indicates that the Harmonic Mean of the Minimum Squared Euclidean （HMMSE） distance is the best criterion for the mapping design. Based on the design criterion of the HMMSE distance, a new search algorithm to find the optimized labeling maps for BICM-ID system is proposed. Numerical results and performance comparison show that the new labeling search method has a low complexity and outperforms other labeling schemes using other design criterion in BICM-ID system, therefore it is an optimized labeling method.     

基于约束总体最小二乘方法的到达时差到达频差无源定位算法

两步加权最小二乘方法(two-stage WLS)是求解TDOA/FDOA无源定位问题的经典线性方法,但也存在着定位偏差和均方误差对测量噪声的适应能力较差的缺点。该文根据TDOA/FDOA的伪线性定位方程组特点,将其建立为一种带约束条件的约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)模型,并采用拉格朗日乘子法求解带约束条件的CTLS问题,建立了几种最小二乘类定位方法的统一解,从而将约束加权最小二乘(CWLS)定位解和约束最小二乘(CLS)定位解变为该文CTLS定位解的特例。仿真表明,该文方法比两步加权最小二乘方法具有更低的均方误差,并能够有效减小定位偏差,因而具有更好的测量噪声适应能力。     

Double span floating point representation scheme for the powers-of-two filter

The area of signal processing has been experiencing silent revolution over the last few years. A number of promising algorithms are being developed in this regard. In connection to this, minimization of hardware complexity of digital filter has grown sufficient interest amongst the research community. Hardware cost of digital filter may be reduced by encoding the filter coefficient in the form of sum of signed powers-of-two (SPT). This article introduces a new encoding strategy of the non-uniform powers-of-two coefficients for the sake of exploiting minimum hardware units. Proposed scheme targets to minimize the highest powers-of-two terms in any coefficient by judiciously dividing the ‘span’ part into two segments. As a matter of fact, it necessitates the use of minimum number of full-adder blocks during implementation as compared to other existing coefficient representation schemes. Supremacy of the proposed double span floating point (DSFP) representation technique has been mathematically substantiated and supported with the help of few design examples.     

基于粒子群优化算法思想的组合自适应滤波算法

根据粒子群优化(PSO)算法的社会心理学指导思想并结合自适应FIR滤波器的特点,设计了合适的惯性项、认知项与社会项表达式,并将之应用于组合自适应滤波器的子自适应滤波器更新中,提出了基于PSO算法思想的组合自适应滤波算法,分析了新算法的计算复杂度。理论分析与不同条件下的自适应系统辨识仿真结果表明,新算法可以在不明显提高计算量的条件下较好地平衡自适应滤波器的稳态失调与跟踪能力,其收敛性能优于其它几种较新的LMS算法。     

采用自适应连续时间线性均衡器和判决反馈均衡器算法的一种16 Gbit/s 并转串/串转并接口

该文在体硅CMOS工艺下设计了一种16 Gbit/s并转串/串转并接口(SerDes)芯片,该SerDes由4个通道(lanes)和2个锁相环(PLLs)组成。在接收器模拟前端(AFE)采用负阻抗结构连续时间线性均衡器(CTLE),得到22.9 dB高频增益,利用5-tap判决反馈均衡器(DFE)进一步对信号码间干扰(ISI)做补偿,其中tap1做展开预计算处理,得到充足的时序约束条件。采用最小均方根(LMS)算法自适应控制CTLE和DFE的补偿系数来对抗工艺、电源和温度波动带来的影响。测试结果表明,芯片工作在16 Gbit/s时,总功耗为615 mW。发射器输出信号眼高为143 mV,眼宽43.8 ps(0.7UI),接收器抖动容忍指标在各频点均满足PCIe4.0协议要求,工作温度覆盖–55°C～125°C,电源电压覆盖0.9 V±10%,误码率小于1E-12。     

基于粒子群优化的MIMO系统判决反馈均衡研究

为了更好地消除多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中的码间干扰(ISI),提出了一种基于粒子群优化(PSO)的判决反馈均衡(DFE)算法;将该算法与基于最小均方(LMS)算法的判决反馈均衡进行了比较.仿真结果表明,PSO DFE的误码率性能明显优于LMS DFE,且收敛速度快.     

高性能数字电视QAM均衡器VLSI结构设计

本文设计了一种适用于高清晰数字电视(HDTV)接收芯片的全数字正交幅度调制器(QAM)的均衡器。该均衡器由前馈滤波器、误差判别电路和系数更新电路以及后馈滤波器构成。该均衡器采用了常模算法(CMA)和判决导引最小均方算法(DD-LMS)相结合的算法。重点给出了均衡器的VLSI实现、两种算法间切换的依据、步长的选择以及抽头系数的确定。同时在电路上采用了逻辑简化、重编码、电路时分复用等简化和优化方法来实现性能、面积和功耗的折衷。     

方差均值平方比恒虚警检测器

为了提高雷达恒虚警(Constant False Alarm Rate,CFAR)检测器在多目标背景下的鲁棒性,更好地检测目标,提出了一种新的基于方差均值平方比(VMSR)的恒虚警检测器,并建立了相应的检测器模型,得出了标称化因子T值和置信区间(a,b)。在均匀背景和多目标背景下,对VMSR检测器进行了仿真分析。在均匀背景下,VMSR检测性能优于OS,相比CA仅有很小的检测损失;在多目标背景下,VMSR检测性能相比OS得到了提升,特别是在干扰目标个数r>N-k时,OS不能有效检测出目标,而VMSR仍能保持较好的检测性能。结果表明,VMSR在多目标背景下检测性能优于OS,其在多目标背景下具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Low complexity LMMSE turbo equalization for combined error control coded and linearly precoded OFDM

The turbo equalization approach is studied for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） system with combined error control coding and linear precoding. While previous literatures employed linear precodcr of small size for complexity reasons, this paper proposes to use a linear precoder of size larger than or equal to the maximum length of the equivalent discrete-time channel in order to achieve full frequency diversity and reduce complexities of the error control coder/decoder. Also a low complexity Linear Minimum Mean Square Error （LMMSE） turbo equalizer is derived for the receiver. Through simulation and performance analysis, it is shown that the performance of the proposed scheme over frequency selective fading channel reaches the matched filter bound; compared with the same coded OFDM without linear precoding, the proposed scheme shows an Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） improvement of at least 6dB at a bit error rate of 10 6 over a multipath channel with exponential power delay profile. Convergence behavior of the proposed scheme with turbo equalization using various type of linear precoder/transformer, various interleaver size and error control coder of various constraint length is also investigated.     

基于偏最小二乘与改进中心对称CENTRIST的快速行人检测算法

针对复杂背景下的快速行人检测问题,从行人边缘信息的角度,该文提出了一种改进的中心对称统计变换(ICS_CENTRIST)特征,该特征只有32维,计算简单,描述能力强,可以很好地表达行人的边缘轮廓。行人检测时采用3级级联分类方法：第1级采用基于辅助积分图的线性支持向量机(SVM),快速排除大部分非行人区域;第2级,第3级分别使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)选出区分能力最强的前12和21个块(block),提取ICS_CENTRIST特征,采用直方图交叉核支持向量机(HIK-SVM)进行精确检测。实验结果表明,该文算法在复杂背景下可取得较好的检测效果,检测速度在447358大小的图像上达到平均50 ms,与基于CENTRIST特征的快速检测方法和梯度方向直方图(HOG)算法相比分别提高了50%和90%,满足实时性要求。     

可见光通信自适应直流偏置光正交频分复用系统设计与性能研究

传统的直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)系统通过添加直流偏置(DC)和限幅获得单极性信号,由于傅里叶逆变换(IDFT)输出时域信号的随机性,固定的直流偏置会产生较大的非线性限幅失真。该文提出设计自适应直流偏置光正交频分复用(ADCO-OFDM)系统,以双边限幅前、后符号之间的均方误差(MSE) 最小化为优化目标,求解使非线性限幅失真最小的DC。介绍了ADCO-OFDM系统原理、推导了子载波比特信噪比(SNR),建立了均方误差最小化优化模型,并给出了最优直流偏置的求解过程。采用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)仿真方法分析了误码率(BER)和光功率消耗,验证了系统设计和性能分析的正确性。     

改进的一维时变海面模型及其分数阶功率谱研究

该文针对经典双尺度海面模型不能有效分析高海况和低掠射角条件下的非Bragg散射问题,在模型中引入调频率描述多普勒频率的变化,提出了一种更符合工程实际的1维时变海面散射模型。然后,通过计算改进模型的海面平均散射功率,得到了时变海面的角度散射特性。其次,研究了改进模型的分数阶功率谱(FPS)特性,得出在分数阶Fourier变换(FRFT)域,海面散射信号的功率谱由多分量冲激信号组成,其在FRFT域的位置可用于估计模型的频率参数。最后,采用X波段实测海面回波数据对改进模型进行验证,并讨论了入射波长和变换角对FPS的影响,仿真结果表明该模型适合分析和提取时变海面回波的频率变化及多普勒频移。     

基于改进LS-ESPRIT算法的GTD模型参数估计与RCS重构

针对传统LS-ESPRIT算法在估计GTD模型参数时抗噪效果差,估计精度不高这一问题,该文提出了一种改进的LS-ESPRT算法,有效地提高了算法的参数估计性能与抗噪性。首先,根据雷达目标的回波数据构建Hankel矩阵;其次,采用核范数凸优化方法对上述Hankel矩阵进行降噪处理,得到低秩的重构Hankel矩阵;最后,利用传统的LS-ESPRIT算法对降噪后的数据进行处理,估计出GTD模型参数。基于改进算法与传统算法分别得到重构RCS,并针对不同带宽对参数估计精度的影响作以仿真探究。仿真结果表明,与传统LS-ESPRIT算法与传统TLS-ESPRIT算法相比,改进LS-ESPRIT算法的参数估计性能更高,抗噪性更强,且重构RCS的幅值与相角误差更小。对不同带宽下的参数估计精度也进行了探究,并得出：带宽越大,估计精度越高。