沁黄2号谷子新品种栽培技术

"沁黄2号"是由山西沁州黄小米(集团)有限公司采用系统选育法,从当地农家种"沁州黄"中精心选育而成的谷子新品种,是具有千年栽培历史、居我国四大名米之首"沁州黄"品种的衍生.     

浅谈“沁州黄”谷子主要病虫害的发生特点及防治技术

沁县是中华名米“沁州黄”的故乡,是谷子的主要产区.“沁州黄”小米色质俱佳,营养丰富,多次荣获国际国内大奖.“沁州黄”谷子常年种植面积在0.53万hm2左右,是当地种植的主要小杂粮作物,该产业已成为当地的农业主导和优势产业.但在“沁州黄”谷子的生产上,病虫害的发生对其安全生产构成了严重威胁,发生的主要病害有谷子白发病、谷子黑穗病、谷瘟病等;虫害有地下害虫、粟灰螟、粟茎跳甲等.搞好病虫害的综合防治对提高“沁州黄”谷子的产量和品质有着重要意义.     

沁县:全力振兴“沁州黄”谷子杂粮产业

沁县位于山西省东南部,是一个传统的农业县,也是中华名米"沁州黄"的祖产地。全县辖6镇7乡306个行政村,总面积为1318km2,其中耕地面积为4万hm2;总人口17.3万人,其中农业人口11.7万人;2011年农民人均纯收入3306元,增长20.4%。近年来,沁县按照山西省转型跨越发展的总体部署,立足水源丰富、土壤肥沃、光照充足、气候优良的自然资源优势,全力打造"中国小米之乡"品牌,大力发展以"沁州黄"谷子为主的杂粮产业,推动了沁州黄产业的持续快速发展。     

山西省旱地谷子增产潜力分析

谷子是山西省杂粮的"领军代表",其面积、产量均排在全国前列。以"沁州黄"、"汾州香"、"东方亮"为代表的山西小米品牌,大大推动了山西谷子的产业化发展。近年来,偏关县、神池县、定襄县等地大力发展杂交谷子生产,不仅产量高,而且效益好,将全省谷子生产推向新高潮。目前,全省谷子常年播种面积在20万hm2左右,总产和单产年度间变化幅度较大,单产变动在     

沁州黄谷子主要病虫害综合防治技术

详细介绍了沁州黄谷子主要病虫害的表现症状、侵染途径及发病条件，并针对各种病虫害提出了相应的防治措施。     

沁州黄谷子主要病虫害综合防治技术

详细介绍了沁州黄谷子主要病虫害的表现症状、侵染途径及发病条件,并针对各种病虫害提出了相应的防治措施.     

山西省谷子机械化生产现状及发展建议

谷子种植起源于我国黄河流域,有悠久的栽培历史,现主要分布于华北、西北和东北地区。山西省南北长680km,东西宽380km,春季干旱少雨、夏季降雨相对集中、秋季昼夜温差大,年均降水量400～600mm,全省年均积温在1600℃～3000℃以上,水热资源与谷子生产所需条件吻合。因此山西具有种植谷子得天独厚的自然条件。山西省出产的小米,品质和营养价值均高于其他地区,独特的米质和口感,造就了南有"沁州黄"、北有"东方亮"等驰名中外的小米品牌。     

对沁州黄谷子渗水地膜波浪形覆盖机械穴播高产技术的探讨

沁州黄谷子渗水地膜波浪形覆盖机械穴播高产技术是一项节水、省工、增产的好技术。介绍了2012年从机械化学工业部引进该项技术的背景,分析了该试验示范项目的技术要领和存在问题,提出对策建议。     

山西沁州黄小米集团的调研与思考

山西著名特产"沁州黄"小米驰名中外.通过对山西沁州黄小米集团从产地到加工、由负债到壮大的发展创业道路的调查研究,经过统计分析,提出了加快扶持山西名优特产品产业快速发展的舣.     

那氏齐齐发诱导剂在沁州黄谷子上的施用效果分析

用那氏齐齐发诱导剂浸种和生育期喷施后,沁州黄谷子增产效应明显。试验结果表明,使用那氏齐齐发诱导剂浸种比对照单穗长增长2.3cm,单穗质量增加1.3g,穗粒质量增加2.2g,单位面积增产46.7kg/0.067hm2,增产幅度为18.1%,每0.067hm2增收210.2元,投入产出比为1∶10.5,具有明显的增产、增收效果,同时改善了谷子的品质,达到了抗病、早熟、高产、优质、高效、无污染的综合效果。     

新能源客车高压附件集成控制器开发

针 对 新 能 源 客 车 存 在 不 同 配 置 、不 同 类 型 及 高 压 零 部 件 种 类 繁 多 的 问 题 ,给 出 了 新 能 源 客 车 平 台化 高 压 电 气 架 构 的 设 计 方 案 ,并 设 计 开 发 了 高 压 附 件 集 成 控 制 器Ａ Ｃ Ｕ 。 介 绍 了 Ａ Ｃ Ｕ硬 件 架 构 、控 制 策 略 、结构 设 计 及 安 全 设 计 点 。 采 用 主 从 式 通 信 结 构 、行 车 与 充 电 高 压 上 电 流 程 分 离 、“双 源 冗 余 ”转 向 硬 件 结 构 及 “随动 转 向 ”控 制 策 略 ,提 升 了 安 全 性 ,并 降 低 了 功 耗 。 试 验 结 果 表 明 ,该 系 统 达 到 了 较 好 的 性 能 指 标 和 要 求 。     

Automatic discontinuous 2 transmission lines with sections of different productivity (<Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis><Subscript>1</Subscript> < <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>)

An analytical solution is derived for automatic discontinuous 2s’ transmission lines with sections of different productivity (q ₁ < q ₂). On that basis, a range of characteristics that depend on the reliability of the production sections and the bunker capacity may be determined. Accordingly, the solution provides the basis for improvements in the design of such lines.     

Abrasive and Adhesive Wear Behavior of Arc-Evaporated Al<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Cr<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>N Hard Coatings

During the last decade, the usage of difficult-to-machine materials such as austenitic stainless steels has increased continuously in various industrial applications. Tools such as blind hole taps, punches, or deep drawing molds are often exposed to severe wear while machining/forming these materials, mainly due to excessive adhesion and material transfer. On combination with abrasive wear due to work-hardened wear debris, tool lifetime in these applications is often limited. In this study, ball-on-disc experiments were carried out with arc-evaporated AlCrN coatings with different Al/(Al + Cr) ratios against Al₂O₃ and austenitic stainless steel balls in ambient atmosphere. Test temperatures of 25, 500, and 700°C were chosen for the hard Al₂O₃ balls simulating severe abrasive loads, whereas 25, 150, and 250°C were used for the softer stainless steel material to evaluate the adhesive wear behavior. Characterization of the wear tracks was done by scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and optical profilometry. The best abrasive wear resistance during testing against Al₂O₃ was observed for the coating with the highest Al content. In the case of the austenitic stainless steel balls, sticking of the ball material to the coating surface was the dominating wear mechanism. The influence of test temperature, chemical composition, and surface roughness was studied in detail.     

<i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> vs auxinic induction for <i>in vitro</i> rhizogenesis of <i>Prosopis chilensis</i> and <i>Nothofagus alpina</i>

The induction and improvement of in vitro rhizogenesis of microshoots of Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz and Nothofagus alpina (Poep. et Endl. Oerst.) were compared using Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Ar) versus indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in the culture media. Microshoots of P. chilensis (1-2 cm length), coming from in vitro grown seedlings, were cultivated in a modified Broadleaved Tree Medium (BTMm) containing half salt concentration of macronutrients and 0.05 mg.L^-1 benzilaminopurine (BAP). After 30 days, microshoots with 2-4 leaves were selected and cultured in BTMm-agar in presence or abscense of Ar and in combination with IBA. For N. alpina, the apical shoots with the first 2 true leaves, from 5 weeks old seedlings, were cultured in the abovementioned medium, but with 0.15 mg.L^-1 of BAP. After 2 months, microshoots with 2-3 leaves were selected and cultured in BTMm-agar, supplemented with 5 mg.L^-1 IBA or in liquid BTMm on perlite and, in the presence or absence of A. rhizogenes (Ar) and in combination with 3 mg.L^-1 IBA. Rooting in P. chilensis reached 100.0% when Ar infection was produced in the presence of IBA, increasing both, the number and dry weight of roots. In N. alpina, 90.0% of rooting efficiency was obtained when Ar infection was produced in liquid culture and in the absence of auxin.     

Wear Resistance of the La<Subscript>62</Subscript>Cu<Subscript>12</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>12</Subscript>Al<Subscript>14</Subscript> Bulk Metallic Glass Under Dry Friction Conditions

The wear properties of a La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ bulk metallic glass (BMG) using sliding wear system under the various normal loads and the annealing conditions have been investigated. Although the La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ BMG is brittle during the tensile testing, it exhibits ductile behaviors during the sliding wear process. The SEM and the EDS analyses of the wear tracks and the debris after the sliding wear processes indicate that the wear mechanism is a combination of abrasion, adhesion, and oxidation. It is found that the wear resistance is significantly affected by the normal loads. With the increases in the wear load, the wear loss and the friction coefficient decrease. In addition, it is found that the wear properties are significantly affected by the annealing conditions. Compared with the annealed BMG alloys, the as-cast BMG alloy with a low hardness exhibits good wear resistance, which is attributed to the better ductility during the wear testing.     

A versatile spectrometer based on a large-volume Si(Li) <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> structure

Pulse height spectra of large-volume position-sensitive Si(Li) detectors have been investigated at normal and parallel incidence of particles on the active region of these detectors. For α particles, the energy resolution is shown to be dependent on the direction of their incidence with respect to the electric field direction; for β particles, such a difference has not been observed.     

Tribological duality of Ti<Subscript>3</Subscript>SiC<Subscript>2</Subscript>

We report here on the friction behavior of fine- and coarse-grained Ti₃SiC₂ against steel and Si₃N₄ balls. Two successive friction regimes have been identified for both grain sizes and both counterparts. First, Type I regime is characterized by a relatively low (0.1–0.15) friction coefficient, and very little wear. Sliding occurs between a tribofilm on the ball and the Ti₃SiC₂ plane when against steel. Then, a Type II regime often follows, with increased friction coefficients (0.4–0.5) and significant wear. Compacted wear debris seems to act as a third body resulting in abrasion of the ball, even in the case of Si₃N₄. The transition between the two regimes occurs at different times, depending on various factors such as grain size, type of pin, and normal load applied. Some experiments under vacuum showed that the atmosphere plays also a major role. The reason for this evolution is not fully clear at that time, but its understanding is of major technological importance given the unusual good properties of this material.     

A Memetic Algorithm for the <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">n</Emphasis>/2/Flowshop/α<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">F </Emphasis>+ β<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">C</Emphasis><Subscript>max</Subscript> Scheduling Problem

Machine scheduling has been a popular area of research during the past four decades. Its object is to determine the sequence for processing jobs on a given set of machines. The need for scheduling arises from the limited resources available to the decision-maker. In this study, a special situation involving a computationally difficult n/2/Flowshop/ αF + βCmax flowshop scheduling problem is discussed. We develop a memetic algorithm (MA, a hybrid genetic algorithm) by combining a genetic algorithm and the greedy heuristic using the pairwise exchange method and the insert method, to solve the n/2/Flowshop/ αF + βCmax flowshop scheduling problem. Preliminary computational experiments demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the proposed memetic algorithm. Our results compare favourably with the best-known branch-and-bound algorithm, the traditional genetic algorithm and the best-known heuristic algorithm.     

Dry and oil-lubricated sliding wear of Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> and Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript>/BN fibrous monoliths

A high-temperature ball-on-flat tribometer was used to investigate dry and oil-lubricated friction and wear of sintered Si₃N₄ and Si₃N₄/hexagonal boron nitride (H-BN) fibrous monoliths. The friction coefficients of base Si₃N₄ flats sliding against Si₃N₄ balls were in the range of 0.6–0.8 for dry and 0.03–0.15 for lubricated sliding, and the average wear rates of Si₃N₄ were 10^–5 mm³ N^–1 m^–1 for dry sliding and 10^–10–10^–8 mm³ N ^–1m^–1 for lubricated sliding. The friction coefficients of Si₃N₄ balls against composite fibrous monoliths were 0.7 for dry sliding and 0.01–0.08 for lubricated sliding. The average specific wear rates of the pairs were of the same order as those measured for the conventional Si₃N₄ pairs. However, the fibrous monoliths, in combination with sprayed dry boron nitride, resulted in reduction in the lubricated friction coefficients of the test pairs and significant reduction in their wear rates. The most striking result of this study was that the coefficients of friction of the Si₃N₄/H-BN fibrous monolith test pair were 70–80 lower than those of either roughened or polished Si₃N₄ when tests were performed under oil-lubricated sliding conditions over long distances (up to 5000 m). The results indicated that Si₃N₄/H-BN fibrous monoliths have good wear resistance and can be used to reduce friction under lubricated sliding conditions.     

Effect of deposition pressure on microstructure and tribological behavior of MoS<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>/MoS<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>-Mo nanoscale multi-layer films

MoS _x /MoS _x -Mo multi-layer films consisted of several bilayers and a surface layer on steel substrate were deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering at different deposition pressures. Each bilayer contained a MoS _x layer with 80 nm in thickness and a MoS _x -Mo composite layer with 20 nm in thickness. With the increase of deposition pressure, the perpendicular orientation of the basal plane prevailed while the parallel orientation decreased. The tribological properties of the multi-layer films were investigated by using a ball-on-disk tribometer both in vacuum and in humid air. The multi-layer film deposited at 0.24 Pa had a compact, consistent layered structure with high intensity of (002) plane and low S content compared to the others deposited at 0.32 and 0.40 Pa, and showed the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate in humid air.