基于评标模式的公路工程造价研究

招标投标是我国工程项目进行施工承包重要的的方式。而评标的是公路工程的建设项目的招标投的标的关键环节。为了保证评标环节的公平、公正、科学、合理,保护招投标双的方的利益的,提高工程的建设的质量,研究科学、合理、有效的评标理论具有十分重的要的意义。     

阐析高速公路路基的路面施工

我国的交通运输行业的发展借助的是我国的经济的高速的发展。我国交通运输业的发展也直接带动了我国的高速公路的发展。在我国的高速公路的建设过程中,关于路基路面的施工还是存在着很多的问题的。本文针对高速公路路基路面施工的问题,来进行相关的讨论和分析,讨论高速公路路基施工中的施工工艺的应用,为高速公路的建设贡献自己的力量。     

对低压成套开关设备绝缘配合问题的探讨

电气工业的都配备有低压的成套的开关设备,我国的百分之八十左右的电能供给都是通过低压的成套的开关设备予以供出,低压的成套的开关设备的发展与工业材料制作,工艺产品和加工设备,低压的电器,人们的生活水平和基础的设施建设息息相关,所以它从一个侧面凸显了一个国家的综合国力,而其中的绝缘配合是一个关联到电气产品的安全性的至关重要的问题,应该要有非常的重视     

220kV变电站主接线运行经济性选择的探讨

变电站的主接线的设计是依据变电站的最高电压以及变电站的性质决定的。通过地区的电网的运行的实际情况出发,对220kv的变电站的主接线的运行进行了详细分析,并对变电站的主接线的设置进行了比较与分析。     

如何进行施工项目的管理和成本的控制工作

随着我国经济的不断发展,我国的基础设施的施工工程越来越多,在施工的过程中,施工项目的管理工作越来越重要。作为现代的企业来讲,施工的项目管理是非常的重要的,这主要是因为施工的企业只有做好施工项目的管理工作才能不断的完善现在的企业管理制度,使企业的管理工作更加的完善。企业只有做好施工项目的管理工作才可以提高企业的经济效益,进行项目施工的时候一定要进行必要的成本控制,这样才能够使企业的社会信誉得到提高,并且可以使企业的发展空间得到更大的提升。     

石化行业的污水处理探析

伴随着世界范围内的资源再利用的步伐,我国的石化行业的从业单位不断的发展壮大,与此同时人们的环保概念不断的在进行加强。石化行业的污水的处理方式已经越来越受到社会的关注。如何处理石化行业的污水已经是一种议题。随着我国的工业化程度的深入,我国石化行业的工业废水已经变化的多种多样,很多的化学污染物掺杂其中,这样就会对我们的化工行业的污水处理带来很多的困难。针对这种现状,我们要做的就是要不断的提升化工行业污水处理的质量和效率。本文就是针对这种问题来进行详细的论述。     

建筑施工中室外照明的接地故障保护和短路保护方法之研究

随着我们国家的经济的迅猛发展,人们的生活水平也是越来越高。人们对周围的环境的要求也是越来越严格。照明系统作为城市道路的一个明显的环节。由于室外的照明的场所的不同,所以室外照明供电系统的供电的方式也是不一样的。本文是通过对室外照明线路的选择以及供电系统的选择进行分析,为以后的室外照明的相关工程提供有利的依据。     

浅析当前公共财政政策存在的问题及对策

随着我国改革开放的不断的深入进行以及社会主义市场经济的建立和不断的完善,极大的改变了我国公共财政所面对的环境。当前我国的财政体制改革起的了很大的成功,极大的促进了我国经济的发展,但是在财政体制改革的过程当中也暴露出我国公共财政存在的一些问题。文章对当前我国公共财政存在的问题进行了深入的分析,并有针对性的提出了改进的建议,促进我国公共财政的发展。     

热电厂电气的安全使用

热电厂电气的安全使用包含的有几个方面的内容。主要分为热电厂电气主设备的安全选择、热电厂电气运行的安全管理的措施、在工作中防治电气失误操作的措施和对策以及在热电厂安全生产中的个性化和人性化的管理等等。热电厂电气的安全使用对电厂的生产以及人们的正常的生产和生活都有重要的意义,因此,本文通过对热电厂电气的安全使用的几个方面的论述来进一步说明在热电厂的工作流程中电气的安全使用所占有的重要地位。特别是在经济迅速发展的中国,在电力建设的规模不断扩大的中国,作为热电厂的一名工作人员,更是要尽自己的力量来使电厂的各方面得到快速协调的发展。通过对热电厂电气的安全使用的论述,使得热电厂向着速度更快、电容量更大、参数更高以及电网更大的方向发展。     

关于人的全面发展的探究

实现和促进人的全面发展不仅是马克思主义的一个重要理论,而且也是建设社会主义新社会的本质要求。人的全面发展的内涵应包括人的本质的全面发展、人的需要的全面发展、人的素质的全面发展和人的能力的全面发展。人的全面发展还是有其具体性、阶段性、历史性的,人的全面发展受生产力和生产关系的制约。     

Is it feasible to use dyed wool powder as pigment?

In order to make better use of wool powder and explore the feasibility of replacing pigment with dyed wool powder, the dyeing behavior of wool powder was studied firstly. Then, we conducted a series of tests and analyses of the microcosmic structure and properties of powder before and after dyeing. BET test results revealed that the specific surface area of original powder was larger than that of dyed powder. TG and DMA tests indicated that the dyed powder had better thermal stability than the original powder. At last, the dyed wool powder and pigment were mixed and printed on cotton fabric. The dry/wet-rubbing fastness and moisture permeability of cotton fabric printed with dyed powder are better than those of cotton fabric printed with pigment. This indicates that the waste- wool fiber can be processed into applicable printing pigments, which is environmentally friendly and makes full use of natural resources.     

澳大利亚棉花纤维品质分析

简单介绍了澳大利亚棉花种植及相关情况。详细分析了2001-2005年澳大利亚主要产棉区棉花纤维的长度、长度整齐度、短绒率、比强度、马克隆值、反射率和色特征级。对部分指标参照了同期的乌斯特国际水平值进行了分析。     

ZnO films grown on cotton fibers surface at low temperature by a simple two-step process

Zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been synthesized and deposited onto cotton fiber surface using a simple two-step process. At first step, the cotton fiber surface was coated with a conductive layer of zinc-cellulose complex by rinsing the fibers in zinc chloride solution. After that, the growth of ZnO films was carried out in zinc acetate aqueous solution at room temperature, with alkaline aqueous solution drops continuously added under magnetic stirring. The morphology of the as-prepared ZnO-coated cotton fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Infrared and photoluminescence spectra were used to confirm the existence of ZnO. In addition, the formation mechanism of ZnO-coated cotton fibers is discussed in detail.     

In situ synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica materials embedded in cotton fiber and their CO2 capture properties

Mesoporous silica/cotton fiber composite materials have been prepared in situ by using pluronics P123 (EO20PO70EO20) as template, tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source and degreasing cotton as supporter. In order to avoid the hydrolysis of cotton fiber in a strong acidic media during the hydrothermal treatment, two kinds of methods were used to control the acidity of the reaction media. One was to adjust the pH to 5 after self-assembly in a strong acidic media; the other was a two-step route containing the pre-hydrolysis of TEOS and self-assembly in a weak acidic media. The resulting shaped composite materials presented the morphology of cotton fiber, and the silica particles mainly covered the surfaces of cotton fibers. These silica particles possessed a slightly ordered pore structure or a well ordered SBA-15 structure according to the difference in the synthetic methods. After modification with tetraethylenepentamine, these shaped composite materials exhibited considerable CO2 adsorption capacity. The use of cotton fiber has the advantages of shaping the powdery materials, dispersing the silica particles and avoiding the formation of moisture and sticky solid surfaces by overloaded tetraethylenepentamine.     

Wide‐Range Tunable Dynamic Property of Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Fibers

A carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is formed by assembling millions of individual tubes. The assembly feature provides the fiber with rich interface structures and thus various ways of energy dissipation, as reflected by the nonzero loss tangent (>0.028–0.045) at low vibration frequencies. A fiber containing entangled CNTs possesses higher loss tangents than a fiber spun from aligned CNTs. Liquid densification and polymer infiltration, the two common ways to increase the interfacial friction and thus the fiber's tensile strength and modulus, are found to efficiently reduce the damping coefficient. This is because the sliding tendency between CNT bundles can also be well suppressed by a high packing density and the formation of covalent polymer cross‐links within the fiber. The CNT/bismaleimide composite fiber exhibits the smallest loss tangent, nearly the same as that of carbon fibers. At a higher level of the assembly structure, namely a multi‐ply CNT yarn, the interfiber friction and sliding tendency obviously influence the yarn's damping performance, and the loss tangent can be tuned within a wide range, similar to carbon fibers, nylon yarns, or cotton yarns. The wide‐range tunable dynamic properties allow new applications ranging from high quality factor materials to dissipative systems.     

Plasma nano-modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric for pigment adhesion enhancement

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics were modified by treating with radio frequency (RF) plasma of different gases, including argon (Ar), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), under varied power (50-150 watt) and time period (0.5-20 min). Observations indicated that plasma has affected the morphology and roughness of PET fiber surface in the nano-scale level. After plasma treatment, test patterns were printed by inkjet printer directly onto the sample surface. The enhancement of color printing performance on PET fabric by plasma treatment was evaluated by color spectroscopy. The surface nano-modified PET fabrics by Ar, N2, O2, and SF6 plasmas all exhibited enhanced color yield. AFM, SEM, FTIR-ATR and XPS results suggested that the improved pigment color yield was neither clearly contributed by the wettability of the fabrics nor the polar group induced onto the fiber surfaces but rather mainly by the alteration of surface roughness.     

Effect of the milling method and particle structure on the color tone of (Cr,Fe)2O3 inorganic black masterbatch pigment

(Cr, Fe)₂O₃ pigment was milled using different techniques into the same particle sizes to investigate the influence of milling processes on its properties. The research showed that milling type resulted in significant color differences, accompanied by the pigment color changing from intense reddish-brown to dark brown. Differences in the morphology of the particles embedded in the plastic matrix led to different light scattering, which is observed as a decrease in the color saturation of the pigment. Particle size distribution (PSD) was characterized by measuring with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Pigments were milled down to 4 µm in all milling methods. The very small particles in the pigment affected the light scattering and the color tone. The particle size of the pigment milled by the planetary mill was D₁₀ = 0.035 μ ± 0.1. Color values of the plastic plates were measured according to CIE laboratory analysis. The pigment milled with the planetary mill was lighter, greener, and yellower (ΔL*=4.15, Da*=3.68, Db*=2.96). The pigment milled with the jet-mill was closest to the pigment color after calcination. The pigment milled with ball mill was slightly greener than the values after calcination (Da*=1).     

Polyaniline/silver nanowire cotton fiber: A flexible electrode material for supercapacitor

The silver nanowire (AgNWs) / cotton fiber was used as a conductive substrate with high conductivity charge transfer. Then the polyaniline (PANI) molecular chain was fixed on the AgNWs / cotton fiber by in-situ polymerization to prevent its dedoping and improve its cyclic properties. Thus the flexible capacitor electrode material with conductive, specific capacity and cyclic properties was obtained. The results showed that when the mass ratio of KH-560 to AgNWs/cotton fiber was 3:1, the grafting rate of epoxide group on the modified AgNWs/cotton fiber was the highest. When the mass ratio of aniline to modified AgNWs cotton fabric was 3:1, the PANI content of in-situ polymerization on the fabric surface was the highest, 20.83%. The specific capacity of PANI/AgNWs/cotton fiber electrode material was the highest, 154 F/g, after 5000 cycles of charging and discharging, the specific capacity could keep 96%. It is worth mentioning, the introduction of PANI and AgNWs could significantly improve the wear resistance of cotton fiber, the friction resistance of the cotton fabric increased to 36,000 times. It is provided a new idea for design a flexible capacitor electrode material integrating electrical conductivity and cyclic stability.     

矿物颜料颗粒度对色彩的影响

选取不同颗粒度的岩肌、白翠末等矿物颜料,采用简化的Mie散射理论,研究矿物颜料颗粒度对色彩的影响。研究结果表明,随着颜料颗粒度的减小,白翠末和岩肌的光谱反射率明显增加,颜色的明度值也均随之增加,而其颜色饱和度随之降低,且对于同种颜料而言,随着颗粒度的改变,颜色的色相有微小变化。     

水性光油中珠光颜料显色性的比较

目的研究不同参数下珠光颜料在水性光油中的显色效果。方法将珠光颜料均匀分散加入到水性光油中,在胶印色样表面进行上光涂布,测量上光前后色样的色度值,计算色差,研究珠光颜料质量分数和印版加网线数对其呈色效果的影响。结果黄绿、蓝色、金色这3种珠光颜料的主密度和色差都随着质量分数的增加而增大;相同质量分数下,5~25,10~60,40~100μm 3种粒径大小的青色颜料分别对应凹印版辊70,60,50 lpi/cm加网线数时,颜色的主密度和色差值最大。结论研究表明质量分数是影响珠光颜料显色效果的最主要因素,颜料的粒径大小和凹印版辊的加网线数相匹配时珠光颜料的显色效果最好。