蓖麻油基增塑剂开发与应用进展

本文介绍了蓖麻油基增塑剂的性能，制备，应用，现状与发展趋势。     

蓖麻油基聚酯增塑剂的开发与应用

蓖麻油的主成分为三蓖麻醇酸甘油酯，在其分子结构中含有一般植物油脂肪酸分子烯键和三个酯键，三个烯键和三个羟基。与其它油脂相比其熔程和粘度范围相对较小，其羟值可形成氢键而其有高粘度。     

蓖麻油及其衍生物在涂料中的应用

蓖麻油作为一种可再生资源，具有较高工业经济价值。本结合蓖麻油的组成结构与性质，概述了蓖麻油和脱水蓖麻油、氧化蓖麻油等相关衍生物在涂料中的应用现状及其应用前景。     

环氧植物油基增塑剂的合成工艺进展

环氧植物油(EPO)是一类优良的环保型增塑剂。以合成方法和催化剂为线索,综述了近年来国内外EPO合成工艺的最新进展。同时,对现有的催化体系以及合成工艺进行了简要的分析,并指出了开发新型、高效、绿色且廉价的催化体系,仍将是今后EPO合成领域的研究方向。     

蓖麻油基聚氨酯胶粘剂研究

论述了以蓖麻油(BA)为基体材料,PAPI为固化剂的新型聚氨酯胶粘剂的研制。样品经过高低温介质等试验,结果表明,此类胶粘剂能够耐高低温,因油类介质的作用,粘接强度高,是一种极有前途的耐温耐油胶粘剂。     

环氧植物油基增塑剂的发展状况

介绍了无毒、环保型增塑剂环氧植物油的制备原理、方法,以及环氧化过程中的影响因素如反应时间、有机酸和氧化剂的配比、反应温度、双氧水浓度等。简述了国内植物油的环氧化工艺的发展状况,重点讨论了国外先进的植物油环氧化催化工艺。     

蓖麻油基软质泡沫塑料的改性研究

进行了以蓖麻油、聚醚混合多元醇为原料,制取聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料的改性试验,探讨了原料配比、TDI指数等各种因素对软泡密度及物理机械性能的影响,提出了优良配方范围,为工业生产提供理论参数,是低成本软泡开发及蓖麻油多元醇综合利用的新途径。     

环氧化菜籽油基PVC增塑剂的制备与性能研究

先将菜籽油用苯甲醇醇解,然后再将所得的苯甲醇酯环氧化,制得环氧菜籽油脂肪酸卞酯增塑剂。研究了该增塑剂对聚氯乙烯(PVC)玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和力学性能的影响。结果表明:每100份PVC树脂加入80份环氧菜籽油脂肪酸卞酯后,PVC树脂的玻璃化转变温度从80℃下降到-28℃,5%热失重温度由240.1℃提升到272.8℃,10%热失重温度由259.9℃提高到288.4℃;分别用环氧菜籽油脂肪酸苄酯和DOP增塑的PVC树脂在常温下显示出相似的力学性能和耐迁移性能。     

蓖麻油基聚氨酯配合物的研究

采用蓖麻油、甘油、TDI等为原料,合成出端-NCO的蓖麻油基聚氨酯PU预聚体.对预聚体中NCO的含量进行了测定,采用FT-IR对材料进行了定性分析,对树脂的固化工艺进行了探讨.结果表明,蓖麻油基PU预聚体的NCO质量分数在4.93%～5.25%时,树脂在-18～40 ℃能固化成膜,表干时间＜1 h.     

改性蓖麻油基软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

本文研究了环氧蓖麻油配比和环氧值对蓖麻油基软质聚氨酯泡沫物理性能的影响规律，并对原料配方进行了优化，制得了适宜不同需要的改性蓖麻油基软质泡沫，使蓖麻油基软质泡沫的手感、耐老化性能明显改善。     

蓖麻油基双重交联防腐蚀水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚碳酸酯二醇-1000(PCDL-1000)、蓖麻油（CO）、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯（PETA）为主要原料，使用丙酮法制备了一系列双重交联的CO基水性聚氨酯（CWPU）乳液。采用FTIR、紫外-可见分光光度计、铅笔硬度计、电子万能实验机、SEM、电化学工作站对CWPU薄膜进行了表征，测试了CWPU薄膜的拉伸性能、耐水性、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性，探讨了其耐腐蚀机理。结果表明，当CO含量（以乳液溶质总质量计，下同）为4%时，制备的薄膜CWPU的24 h吸水率仅为4.5%，对Q235钢板基底的附着力为0级，对Q235钢板基底的保护效率可达99.05%，表明所制CWPU薄膜具有优异的耐水、防腐蚀性能。     

Facile synthesis of a castor oil-based hyperbranched acrylate oligomer and its application in UV-curable coatings

Fabrication and performance of the castor oil (CO)-based hyperbranched acrylate (C20AA) UV-curable coatings are highlighted in this work. Herein, C20AA was obtained through a facile reaction of a castor oil-based hyperbranched polyol (C20) with acrylic acid. FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectra confirmed the synthesis of the target C20AA. Subsequently, the as-prepared C20AA was employed for crosslinking a commercialized linear polyurethane acrylate (PUA) UV-curable oligomer. Specifically, by varying the content of C20AA over the range of 0, 20, 40, and 60 wt%, a series of UV-curable coatings were prepared and coded as C20AA-0, C20AA-20, C20AA-40, and C20AA-60, respectively, which were further cured under UV irradiation. The effect of C20AA loadings on the UV-curing efficiency and final polymer performance were investigated. Consequently, the tensile strength, Shore D hardness, pencil hardness, gel content, water resistance, and glass-transition temperature of the UV-cured coatings were greatly improved upon the addition of C20AA. Impressively, with the incorporation of 40 wt% C20AA, the resultant UV-cured coating exhibited highest double bond conversion, superior chemical resistance, and good flexibility. Additionally, all of the coatings showed outstanding transparency and good surface microstructures.     

蓖麻油型单组分聚氨酯发泡胶的制备

研究了以蓖麻油、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、PAPI为原料合成系列发泡单组分聚氯酯胶粘剂的工艺,研究了各因素对预聚体的合成、产品性能及贮存稳定性的影响。结果表明,异氰酸酯指数为28～30,蓖麻油为多元醇总质量的40％,预聚催化剂为T-12,固化催化剂为吗啉类和LX-1,溶剂为乙酸乙酯和二氧甲烷,在70-80℃下反应3h,得到符合建材工业要求的产品。     

多功能植物油基增塑剂制备及增塑PVC研究进展

植物油基增塑剂因具有原料来源广、结构可调、增塑性能优良、无毒和可生物降解等优点,被认为是最具应用前景的生物基环保增塑剂。然而,植物油基增塑剂结构中长链烷基比重过高,导致其与PVC树脂相容性较差,通常作为辅助增塑剂使用,应用价值未得到有力彰显。近年来,国内外学者对植物油基增塑结构进行化学改性,开发了系列多功能植物油基增塑剂(如增容、耐热、阻燃、耐迁移等),实现了植物油基增塑剂的“提质增效”。本文从植物油分子结构设计出发,通过分子模拟、微观和宏观分析手段相结合的方式对现有文献进行归纳、分析和总结,建立了增塑剂结构和增塑后PVC制品性能的“构效”关系,旨在为高性能、多功能植物油基增塑剂的结构设计和工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Epoxidized castor oil-based diglycidyl-phthalate plasticizer: Synthesis and thermal stabilizing effects on poly(vinyl chloride)

Epoxidized castor oil-based diglycidyl-phthalate (ECODP) was synthesized and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The chemical structure of the ECODP was confirmed. The plasticizing effects of ECODP as a replacement for commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were investigated. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of PVC films before and after aging were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA-FTIR analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests. The results indicated that PVC films plasticized with ECODP significantly improved thermal stability, compatibility, and flexibility. When DOP was substituted with ECODP completely, the initial decomposition temperature, 5, 10, 50, and 70% mass loss temperatures (T_i, T₅, T₁₀, T₅₀, and T₇₀) increased by 24.7, 38.9, 32.0, 30.3, and 102.7 °C, respectively. The functional mechanism of the ECODP as a thermal stabilizing plasticizer and the plasticization mechanism of PVC composites were also investigated. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47142.     

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks from castor oil-based polyurethanes and chlorinated rubber

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) were prepared by crosslinking castor oil in the presence of chlorinated rubber. Crosslinking in toluene solution was effected with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate at various NCO/OH ratios. The semi-IPNs were obtained as tough films and were characterized by their mechanical, thermal, morphological and electrical properties.     

蓖麻油改性聚醚型水性聚氨酯乳液的性能

以聚醚、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、一缩二乙二醇、蓖麻油为主要原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂,三乙胺为中和剂制备了稳定的阴离子水性聚氨酯乳液(WPU),研究了NCO/OH摩尔比、DMPA及蓖麻油的加入量对WPU的耐水性、稳定性和力学性能的影响,结果表明:改性后的乳液具有较好的稳定性,适量的蓖麻油可提高胶膜的拉伸强度及耐水性。当聚醚与蓖麻油质量比为7︰3、DMPA为5%、NCO与OH摩尔比为1.3时,WPU综合性能最好。     

蓖麻油基润滑油降凝剂的合成

以蓖麻油(CO)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲苯作为溶剂,无水无氧条件下合成了蓖麻油-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。利用FTIR表征了蓖麻油-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的结构,用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定了该聚合物的相对分子质量及其分布,并对其降凝性能进行了评价。结果表明：当m(CO):m(MMA)= 1:1、引发剂AIBN用量（引发剂用量占单体总质量的百分数）为0.25%、反应时间为8 h、反应温度为80 ℃时,收率为59.20%,聚合物相对分子质量为2.722×105,相对分子质量分布较窄（PDI=1.51）。且共聚物对润滑油具有一定降凝效果,当共聚物添加量（聚合物质量占油品质量的百分数）为0.5%时,凝点(SP)可降低10 ℃ (ΔSP=10 ℃)。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of UV-curable castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites

Water resistance is a unique advantage of castor oil-based polyurethane, permitting the application of coatings in humid environments. However, its low thermal decomposition temperature remains a limitation. Here, to demonstrate a simple method to improve the thermal stability of cured films, we prepared an organic montmorillonite dispersion utilising 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane and protonated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane for modifying the clay. The method was put into practice by directly mixing the dispersion with a UV-curable castor oil-based waterborne polyurethane dispersion. The inclusion of organic molecule chains from the silane coupling agents noticeably improves the compatibility of polyurethane with organic montmorillonite, which imparts the composite latex with better thermal stability and mechanical properties when the organic montmorillonite additive is 5.0?wt-%.     

生物3D打印蓖麻油基水性聚氨酯涂层固定化碳酸酐酶

以蓖麻油基阴离子水性聚氨酯为载体,采用生物3D打印技术制备含碳酸酐酶的生物活性聚氨酯涂层,并与传统涂覆法制备的含酶涂层进行对比。通过动态光散射、红外、扫描电镜-X射线能谱、热重、接触角等各种手段对涂层中酶与水性聚氨酯之间的相互作用进行了分析表征。结果表明,在形成生物活性涂层过程中,碳酸酐酶是通过与聚氨酯链段上阴离子基团的静电吸引被固定在聚氨酯涂层中。催化活性结果表明,与传统涂覆法相比,涂层的酶活回收率为50.51%,比传统涂覆法提高了4倍。这可能是由于生物3D打印技术制备的含酶涂层更薄、更均匀,表面更平滑。