离子液体在高分子合成中的应用

离子液体是一类新型的"软"功能材料或介质,具有优良的可设计性。它作为一种绿色溶剂,具有很多独特的物理化学性能。本文介绍了离子液体在自由基聚合反应、活性聚合反应、电化学聚合等高分子合成反应方面的应用。     

离子液体在原子转移自由基聚合中的应用进展

综述了离子液体作为溶剂、单体、引发剂或配体参与原子转移自由基聚合。离子液体具有独特的物理化学性能,可作为溶剂或配体直接参与聚合反应,也可以通过化学修饰合成离子液体型聚合单体或引发剂,利用ATRP技术制备出含有聚合离子液体链段或端基的功能性高分子材料。这种材料可应用于太阳能电池、聚合物电池、光敏元件、吸附剂或传感元件等多个领域,成为高分子材料研究领域的一个重要课题。     

离子液体在高分子材料中的应用

离子液体是室温下呈液态的离子化合物,是一类新型的"软"功能材料或介质,具有优良的可设计性,它作为一种绿色溶剂,具有很多独特的物理化学性能,可广泛应用于高分子材料中,本文介绍了离子液体在高分子溶解,合成,改性,降解等方面的应用。并展望了离子液体在高分子材料领域中的应用。     

聚合离子液体研究进展

综述了近年来有关聚合离子液体的合成、性质和应用研究进展,重点介绍了聚合离子液体结构与性能的关系。通过离子液体单体的可控聚合或对聚合物前体进行修饰等方法,能够获得具有特定结构的功能性聚合离子液体。聚合离子液体具有优良的离子导电性和良好的力学性能及加工性能,在电池材料、吸附分离、生物和催化等诸多领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

离子液体在膜分离过程中的应用研究进展

介绍了离子液体(ionic liquids)是由有机阳离子和有机或无机阴离子构成的、在室温或室温附近温度下呈液体状态的盐类,是新兴的可替代挥发性有机化合物的绿色溶剂。阐述了离子液体具有熔点低、不易燃、低挥发性(蒸气压接近于零)、高导电能力、电化学窗口宽、可调节性强等独特性质;在二氧化碳、二氧化硫等酸性气体以及苯、环己烷等有机溶剂分离过程中有广泛应用前景。同时,介绍了含有双键等可聚合基团的一类离子液体-聚离子液体[poly(ionic liquid)s,PILs]在二氧化碳吸收方面有特殊表现,指出聚离子液体与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混得到的薄膜材料具有高稳定性、高机械强度以及高电导率,对于缓解能源匮乏以及环境污染等具有重大意义。     

聚离子液体的合成及功能材料的应用研究

离子液体是一类由有机阳离子与无机或有机阴离子构成的在室温或近室温下呈现液态的熔盐体系。由于离子液体具有凝固点低、热稳定性高、非挥发性、液态温度范围宽、黏度低、密度大、化学稳定性高、热容大及储能密度高等特点,常规溶剂,如有机溶剂、聚合物和非离子表面活性剂等,是分子溶剂,而离子液体是离子溶剂,这是离子液体作为溶剂区别于常规溶剂的典型结构特征。这一特征导致离子液体相对于常规分子溶剂具有一些特殊的性质。本文将对聚离子液体的合成及功能材料的应用进行研究。     

规整填料塔中离子液体吸收CO2的传质与流体力学性能

在规整填料塔中采用离子液体吸收二氧化碳气体,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件建立可靠的数学模型,系统考察了离子液体结构及规整填料几何参数对吸收过程的传质特性和流体力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,床层压降随气体流速增大而增大,液相传质系数随液体流速的增大而增大。相同阴离子时,随着阳离子碳链长度的增长,吸收过程压降增大,同时液相传质系数减小。相同阳离子时,不同阴离子的离子液体压降大的同时传质系数也大。但离子液体的结构对压降影响不明显。离子液体筛选主要考虑传质系数和溶解度因素,但二者与离子液体结构表现出相反的规律。两种折线结构的规整填料传质性能优于传统的X型和Y型结构。     

氨基硅微乳的研制与应用

本文通过浮液聚合合成了阳离子，阴离子，非离子及复合离子型的氨基硅微乳。平均粒径在０．０８ｕｍ左右，具有低温自催化交联性能，纤维经其处理后，不仅具有丰满，柔软，滑爽的手感和疏水透气的性能，而且具有优良的耐水洗性。     

绿色高效溶剂--离子液体

室温离子液体是由有机阳离子和无机或有机阴离子构成的、在室温或室温附近温度下呈液体状态的盐类.本文综述了离子液体的4种合成方法,重点介绍了离子液体的物化性能及影响物化性能的因素,同时还对离子液体作为绿色高效溶剂在化学反应、电化学及分离工程中的应用进行了简要介绍.     

离子液体自模板合成多孔碳氮材料及其对二氧化碳的吸附

以多种氰基离子液体为前驱体，采用高温碳化法直接制备多孔碳氮材料，系统考察了离子液体前驱体阳离子结构、阴离子种类及合成条件等因素对碳化材料比表面积、氮元素含量及氮种类的影响，并研究其对CO2的吸附性能。结果表明，阴离子在聚合过程中起模板剂的作用。合成材料主要呈介孔结构，比表面积最高达732.6 m2/g，氮含量最高为9.9wt%，在温度25℃、压力1.8 MPa条件下，CO2的吸附量最高达20.9wt%。多孔碳氮材料经180℃真空加热后可完全脱附再生，再生稳定性良好。     

Poly(ionic liquid)s: Polymers expanding classical property profiles

In recent years, polymeric/polymerized ionic liquids or poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) were found to take an enabling role in some fields of polymer chemistry and material science. PILs combine the unique properties of ionic liquids with the flexibility and properties of macromolecular architectures and provide novel properties and functions that are of huge potential in a multitude of applications, including solid ionic conductor, powerful dispersant and stabilizer, absorbent, precursor for carbon materials, porous polymers, etc. So far, the preparation of PILs with various forms in cations and anions has mostly focused on the conventional free radical polymerization of IL monomers. Recent progress in the preparation of PILs via controlled/“living” radical polymerizations points out an unprecedented opportunity to precisely design and control macromolecular architecture of IL species on a meso-/nanoscale within a polymer matrix. There are also newly emerging polymerization techniques that have appeared for the preparation of PILs which have further pushed the limit of the design of PILs. In this review, we try to summarize the current preparative strategies of PILs, providing a systematic and actual view on the polymer chemistry behind. A discussion of the properties and applications of PILs constitutes the second part of this review.     

A facile preparation of composites composed of cellulose and polymeric ionic liquids by in situ polymerization of ionic liquids having acrylate groups

In this study, a facile preparation of the composites composed of cellulose and the polyacrylate‐type polymeric ionic liquids was carried out by the in situ polymerization of the polymerizable ionic liquids. The two polymerizable ionic liquids were employed, which had one polymerizable group (acrylate) and two polymerizable groups (acrylate and vinyl). First, the pretreatment of cellulose in the mixtures of the two ionic liquids were performed, resulting in disrupting most crystalline structure of cellulose. Then, the radical polymerization of the ionic liquids in the pretreated mixtures was carried out by AIBN to obtain the composites. The analytical data of the composites indicated the good compatibility between cellulose and the polymeric ionic liquids. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composites were measured by a tensile tester. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation of thermally stable polymer electrolytes from imidazolium-type ionic liquid derivatives

Thermally stable polymer electrolytes based on ionic liquids were prepared and analyzed. Mono-functional ionic liquid monomers, ionic liquid cross-linkers, and ethylimidazolium-type ionic liquid salts were mixed and polymerized. The ionic liquid-type cross-linkers were effective to prepare thermally stable polymer films. In particular, the copolymerization of cross-linker and ethylimidazolium-type ionic liquid monomers were used to make polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivities. The copolymerization in ethylmethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide gave a transparent film showing no thermal degradation up to 400 °C.     

Highly ion conductive flexible films composed of network polymers based on polymerizable ionic liquids

Ionic liquid-type polymer brushes having different hydrocarbon (HC) chain lengths between polymerizable group and imidazolium ring were synthesized. When the carbon number of HC chain was 6, the ionic liquid-type polymer brush exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 1.37×10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C, reflecting low T_g of −60 °C. Moreover, for the first time, we succeeded in obtaining transparent and flexible films without considerable decrease in the ionic conductivity as compared with that of corresponding monomers by using suitable cross-linkers. The most ion conductive (1.1×10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C) film was obtained when tetra(ethylene glycol)diacrylate was used 0.5 mol% to ionic liquid monomer as the cross-linker. This film is one of excellent conductive films among single-ion conductive materials.     

离子液体中二氧化碳的溶解度研究进展

室温离子液体具有独特的气体选择溶解性,在二氧化碳(CO2)的捕集和分离中有很好的应用前景。综述了近年来CO2在不同离子液体中的溶解度研究进展,比较了CO2在常规离子液体和功能型离子液体中的不同溶解机制,分析、归纳了向离子液体中引入不同官能团对CO2溶解性能的影响规律,指出了离子液体捕集CO2的未来研究方向。     

Design of New Camelina Oil‐Based Hydrophilic Monomers for Novel Polymeric Materials

Triglyceride‐based monomers represent a competitive alternative to petrochemical resources in the macromolecular compounds area. In the current study, several types of hydrophilic camelina oil (CO)‐based monomers were synthesized using tunable experimental protocols that involve three different steps: first—conversion of the double bonds into epoxy rings, second—partial opening of the epoxy rings and methacrylic groups grafting and last—opening of the unreacted epoxy rings and hydrophilic units attaching. 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrate the success of the CO functionalization with polymerizable and hydrophilic moieties—polyethylene glycol units—with different molecular weights, exhibiting self‐emulsifiable properties. Several bulk and emulsion polymerization tests were performed for the synthesized monomers and their ability to build polymer networks using different photo‐chemical procedures (using visible and UV radiations respectively) was demonstrated, without additional surfactants. FTIR spectroscopy indicates the polymerization success by the disappearance of the specific bands assigned to the double bonds from methacrylic groups and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the emulsion polymerization leads to materials with an improved thermostability.     

聚离子液体二氧化碳分离膜材料的研究进展

近年来,全球二氧化碳排放超过370亿吨/年,对气候和自然环境造成严重影响,亟需发展碳捕集、利用与封存技术。气体膜分离是一种条件温和、操作简单的无相变分离技术,随着高渗透性、高选择性膜材料的不断涌现,逐渐成为全球碳捕集技术的主要发展方向。聚离子液体膜材料中含有大量高度亲和二氧化碳的功能基团,有望实现超高渗透选择性,被誉为下一代气体分离膜材料。综述了聚离子液体膜材料的研究进展,以渗透机制为主线重点介绍了面向碳捕集的阳离子型聚离子液体膜材料(主链型和支链型)的设计合成,包括阳离子和阴离子基团的选择,合成途径的选择,以及聚离子液体膜的结构设计优化。讨论了聚离子液体作为二氧化碳分离膜材料的优势和面临的挑战。