两性蛇笼树脂的开发及应用

介绍了首次在国内合成的蛇笼树脂。系统地研究了以强碱阴离子交换树脂为笼，使丙烯酸单体在笼中聚合成蛇的合成反应条件。合成出的蛇笼树脂用于除去腈纶纺丝溶剂ＮａＸＣＮ溶液中可溶性不挥发杂质，杂质脱除率７０％～９０％，达到目前美国同类树脂Ｒｅｔａｒｄｉｏｎ１１Ａ－８的水平（其杂质脱除率为７０％～７５％）．提出了蛇笼树脂离子阻滞交换量的概念，建立了切实可行的、准确可靠的测定方法，并在国内进行了蛇笼树脂残余阴离子交换量、残余阳离子交换量的测定，建立了一整套合理准确的测定方法，测定的相对误差在０．７７％以内，同时完成了该树脂的工业应用实验。     

“Retardion”除杂探讨

通过对萃取除杂和"Retardion"(阻滞)除杂工艺及其他除杂方法进行比较,论证了腈纶生产中采用"Retardion"除杂工艺除去 NaSCN 中的可溶性不挥发杂质,可达到高效、经济、便于操作.阐明了"Retardion"的除杂原理和树脂结构及吸附原理,对 NaSCN 法腈纶生产中溶剂的净化有一定指导意义.     

氧乐果可溶性液剂的研究

在氧乐果可溶性液剂的制备中,我们对溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、稳定剂进行了研究。筛选出了两个最佳配方：氧乐果50％(质量浓度),苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚2．5％,烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚0．7％,无水十二烷基苯磺酸钙(500^#)1.8％,稳定剂0．2％,助溶剂5％,溶剂补加到100％;氧乐果80％(质量浓度),苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚3％,烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚0．9％,无水十二烷基苯磺酸钙(500^#)2．2％,稳定剂0．5％,助溶剂6％,溶剂补加到100％。用两种配方生产的产品性能优良。田间试验结果表明,防效优于乳油。     

浅析腈纶用溶剂硫氰酸钠净化工艺的选择

阐述了湿法腈纶用溶剂硫氰酸钠的净化方法,并对国内的几种溶剂净化方法作了比较,提出了在湿法腈纶生产企业中,应利用分步结晶法与其他净化方法相结合,但也不能忽视阻滞除杂法的发展。     

以DMAc为溶剂的腈纶干法纺丝工艺

二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是良好的纺丝溶剂，因其毒性被限制在腈纶干法纺丝中使用。二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)是腈纶湿法纺丝的溶剂，但其溶解度参数比DMF略低，溶解性低于DMF。同时受腈纶干法纺丝原液固含量远高于湿法纺丝原液固含量的影响，DMAc溶剂配制相同固含量的聚丙烯腈，溶解性会降低。通过对聚丙烯腈溶解性、溶剂扩散、溶剂回收、设备腐蚀、纤维结构性能等方面的研究，确定了以DMAc为溶剂的干法腈纶的聚合物特性黏度、原液固含量、溶解时间和温度、纺丝、溶剂回收等关键工艺，实现了以DMAc为溶剂的腈纶干法工艺安全稳定运行，污水和操作现场溶剂残留大幅度降低，操作环境得到显著改善。     

凝胶色谱在腈纶溶剂净化工艺中的应用

根据凝胶色谱的工作原理,介绍了凝胶色谱在腈纶聚合原液除杂、腈纶纺丝溶剂除铁、腈纶废水预处理等三个方面的应用。实践表明:凝胶色谱即使长期使用也无需用化学试剂再生,使用寿命比离子交换树脂更长,是一种比较理想的溶剂净化手段。     

凝胶树脂在腈纶生产中的工业应用

腈纶生产中作为聚合物的溶剂硫氰酸钠在循环使用过程中，各类杂质不断增加，导致硫氰酸钠含杂增加，色质致深，质量下降。为提高腈纶溶剂硫氰酸钠的质量，安庆石化与浙江大学共同开发凝胶树脂并应用于腈纶溶剂硫氰酸钠的净化，达到理想效果。     

羧甲基纤维素接枝聚磺甲基化丙烯酰胺的制备及其吸附性能的研究

用化学改性羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酰胺(CMC-g-PAM)树脂制备了羧甲基纤维素接枝聚磺甲基化丙烯酰胺(CMC-g-SPAM)吸水树脂。采用静态法测定该强阴离子性吸水树脂对重金属离子的去除条件和去除效果。实验结果表明,该树脂对铅离子有很好的吸附脱除性能,脱除率可达95％,1g树脂可吸附2．7mg铅。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等微观结构测试表明,吸附后重金属铅离子在吸水树脂上聚集存在,为非晶态。     

腈纶工业中硫氰酸钠溶剂的净化技术

介绍了国内外腈纶生产过程中目前使用的吸附法、萃取法、离子交换法、离子延迟树脂法、凝胶色谱法等硫氰酸钠净化工艺。其中萃取法和离子交换法流程复杂、投资大 ,存在较严重的环境污染 ,其应用受到限制。活性炭吸附法初期投资最省 ,仅适合于处理二步法溶剂。离子延迟法和凝胶色谱法由于工艺流程简单、污染轻微 ,具有很好的应用前景。尤其是凝胶色谱法 ,是目前已有的方法中分离最完全、回收率最高的净化方法 ,值得在我国腈纶工业中大力推广。     

茶多酚三种提取工艺的比较

茶叶中一般含有20％-30％的茶多酚。现以低档绿茶为原料．分别用有机溶剂革取法、金属离子沉淀法和树脂吸附法进行茶多酚的提取研究。并比较三种方法的优缺点，表明离子沉淀法具有能耗和溶剂损耗少的特点。产品纯度较高，但操作较复杂，提取率较低。树脂吸附法能耗低．提取率较高，但产品纯度不如离子沉淀法。寻找选择性高、容量大的树脂是树脂吸附法工业化应用的关键。     

Optimization of Sulforaphane Separation from Broccoli Seeds by Macroporous Resins

Abstract

In this study, the adsorption and desorption properties of sulforaphane on macroporous resins (HP20, SP207, SP850, and HP2MGL) were investigated. Analysis revealed that SP850 resin was most effective in the separation of sulforaphane. The equilibrium experimental data obtained at different temperatures were well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. To optimize the separation process, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were performed with a column packed with SP850 resin. The results showed that the optimum parameters for adsorption were as follows: flow rate: 5 BV/h, pH 2, temperature: 25°C; for desorption: ethanol–water (40:60, v/v), 6 BV as an eluent, flow rate: 6 BV/h. The highest purity of sulforaphane product was 85.9%, i.e., 107‐fold higher than those in broccoli seeds through one run treatment on the column packed with SP850 resin under normal conditions. This indicated the high efficiency of SP850 resin in separating sulforaphane.     

一株嗜蜡微生物的筛选及初步性能评价

以52#石蜡为唯一碳源,从延长油田采油污水和炼油厂活性污泥中分离出4株嗜蜡微生物YC-1、YC-2、YC-3及YC-4,35℃、135r.min-1摇床培养12 d时降蜡率分别达到11.12%、9.21%、9.29%及7.84%。在培养时间筛选实验中,求得嗜蜡微生物YC-1菌株在35℃、135 r.min-1摇床培养10d时,除蜡率达到最大。对降蜡能力最优的嗜蜡微生物YC-1进行降蜡摇瓶实验,对其降蜡产物进行色谱分析,显示嗜蜡微生物YC-1能对52号石蜡有效降解。YC-1处理原油显示其对原油有降蜡、降凝、降粘的作用。     

ENRICHMENT AND PURIFICATION OF BITESPIRAMYCIN USING MACROPOROUS RESIN

Bitespiramycin was purified by selective adsorption. The adsorption and desorption properties of bitespiramycin on six different macroporous resins (HZ806, HZ816, HZ820, HZ830, XAD16, and SP207) were compared systematically. According to the adsorption capacity and selectivity towards 4″-O-isovalerylspiramycin, HZ820 was chosen as the most suitable resin for bitespiramycin purification. The equilibrium data on HZ820 in a batch system were well described by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The film and pore diffusion model was successfully measured in batch adsorption kinetics. Dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were also performed using a packed column of HZ820 to optimize the separation process of 4″-O-isovalerylspiramycin from aqueous solution. After being treated with HZ820, the 4″-O-isovalerylspiramycin content increased from 80.4% to 91.7%, and the 4″-O-isovalerylspiramycin III content increased from 41.7% to 64.4%.     

“启源 YC-2”驱油剂提高低渗透油田采收率探索性研究

针对目前低渗透油层水驱采收率低的问题,在室内进行了“启源 YC-2”驱油剂性能及提高采收率实验,并在姚店油田应用实际情况进行分析.结果表明:“启源 YC-2”驱油剂稳定性好,具有超低界面张力,较强的乳化能力.同一注水区域注剂、未注剂区块所对应受益油井产量相比较,注“启源 YC-2”驱油剂产量高.注剂前后受益油井产量相比较,注剂后产量上升.     

Electrodialytic transport properties of heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes prepared by gelation and solvent evaporation methods

The heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes were prepared by employing two different methods: immersing the cation‐exchange resin‐loaded membranes in gelation bath; evaporating the solvent upon casting a uniform solution of cation‐exchange resin on a glass plate. The effect of resin loading on the electrochemical properties of the membranes was evaluated. The permselectivity of these heterogeneous membranes and transport number of calcium ions relative to sodium ions was evaluated with respect to the extent of resin loading and the methods of preparation. It is found that the membrane potential, transport number, permselectivity, and relative transport number are prominently high in the solvent evaporation method compared with the gelation method. The transport number of calcium ions relative to sodium ions in the solvent evaporation method increased monotonously with increasing resin loading. However, the increase of resin loading did not influence much on the relative transport numbers in the gelation method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 198–207, 2006     

萘酚改性烯丙基化环保型酚醛树脂的合成及研究

分别以环保型PF(酚醛树脂)和萘酚改性环保型PF为母体,成功合成了烯丙基化PF和萘酚改性烯丙基化PF,并制备了萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI(双马来酰亚胺)共聚树脂;然后分别以上述树脂作为基体树脂,制备了玻璃纤维增强型复合材料。结果表明:当基体树脂为萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI共聚树脂时,相应复合材料的冲击强度(321.6 kJ/m2)和弯曲强度(524.1 MPa)比萘酚改性烯丙基化PF基复合材料提高了11.0%和46.3%,比未改性环保型烯丙基化PF基复合材料提高了42.8%和258.2%,说明萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI共聚树脂的增韧效果优于萘酚改性烯丙基化PF;萘酚改性烯丙基化PF/BMI共聚树脂基复合材料的耐热性能优于未改性烯丙基化PF体系,这是因为前者800℃时的残炭率(39.62%)高于后者(10.92%)所致。     

乙酰丙酮镍催化含硅芳炔树脂的固化反应行为

通过凝胶时间测定、差示扫描量热分析、FT-IR分析研究了乙酰丙酮镍催化含硅芳炔树脂体系的固化反应行为,并计算了反应动力学参数. 结果表明,乙酰丙酮镍对含硅芳炔树脂固化有显著的催化作用,加入0.2%(w)乙酰丙酮镍可较大幅度降低树脂固化反应的活化能和温度,初始固化温度降低约35℃,固化反应活化能为104.2 kJ/mol,比含硅芳炔树脂的固化活化能(121.2 kJ/mol)低;乙酰丙酮镍催化含硅芳炔树脂可发生Glaser偶合、Strauss偶合、环三聚、Diels-Alder和固化反应;树脂固化物保持优异的热稳定性,在氮气气氛下5%失重温度为620℃, 1000℃时残留率为87.8%.     

Particulate reinforcement and formaldehyde adsorption of modified nanocrystalline cellulose in urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive

In this study, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was used for reinforcement and formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorption of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive in fiberboard. The original NCC was modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane for improving the wetting property with UF resin adhesive. The UF resin adhesive with modified NCC was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared. The HCHO emission and bending and bonding strength of the UF resin adhesive with modified NCC were tested according to Chinese National Standard GB/T 17657-1999. Compared with the original UF resin adhesive, modified NCC led to limited effects on the crystal structure, thermal stability, and characteristic absorption peaks of UF resin adhesive. The HCHO emission of the UF resin adhesive with 1.0% modified NCC decreased by 13.0%, while the bending and bonding strength increased by 40.5 and 158.3%, respectively. The improvements of modified UF resin adhesive were destroyed by the reunion of NCC when the content was more than 1.5%.     

Hydrometallurgy Wastewater Split-Up by Fluidized-Bed Ion-Exchange Continuous Equipment

ABSTRACT

A proposed operation of a semicontinuous fluidized-bed ion-exchange system was studied. The system splits a liquid current into two currents, one being more concentrated and the other more depleted. This operating technique has been used to split up a mixture of alkaline ions (Na⁺, K⁺) using a strongly acidic resin. The equipment operates simultaneously in two multistage columns, one for loading and the other for elution of the resin. The experimetal testing system employs a hydrometallurgy wastewater containing cobalt and copper as heavy metallic ions, and the resin used was of the chelating iminodiacetic type, Lewatit TP-207. At cyclic steady state, the equipment can split up the wastewater, producing an effluent concentrated in cobalt in the outlet stream of the loading column, and a concentrated stream of copper in the effluent of the elution column. The hydrodynamics and approach to the stationary state of the system were analyzed, and the selective recovery of metals was subsequently tested experimentally. This behavior presents certain similarities with a parametric pumping operation of the system, with the two columns operating at different pH values or temperatures.     

含磷环氧树脂的合成及改性研究

9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)与环氧树脂E-51进行加成反应,生成含磷量1%、2%、3%的阻燃环氧树脂,其氧指数超过29,当磷含量超过2%时,其阻燃效果达到UL-94 V-0级,但随着DOPO含量的增加,环氧树脂固化物的拉伸强度从30MPa下降到26MPa,弯曲强度从98MPa下降到43MPa。通过对DOPO含磷环氧树脂添加三环氧丙基缩水甘油醚(TGIC)2.5%~10%后,其固化产物的氧指数略有下降,但初始分解温度(1%分解)均维持在300℃以上,以UL-94标准测定阻燃效果没有变化,但拉伸强度(10%TGIC添加量)分别提高36%、45%、67%。