液固反应法合成Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂研究

采用液固反应合成技术,通过铝熔体润湿活化与助熔处理的无定型石墨的方法,成功地制备了Al-5%Ti-0.25%C细化剂合金,用SEM、OM及DSC分析手段,研究了该合金的组织特性与熔体反应机制.结果表明:Al-Ti-C细化剂合金组织由Al基体、针状及片状TiAl3相和TiC粒子团簇组成,TiC粒子为非化学计量比化合物,X为0.5～0.8;固-液反应制备Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂合金过程符合溶解-析出机制.     

Al-5%Ti-0.25%C对Al-Si活塞合金组织和性能的影响

探讨了Al-5%Ti-0.25%C中间合金对共晶Al-Si活塞合金组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,加入0.5%的Al-5%Ti-0.25%C中间合金后,初晶Si的平均尺寸由原来的45μm降为40μm,共晶Si变短,而且能细化共晶团,提高常温抗拉强度.Al-5%Ti-0.25%C中间合金的加入量达到1%时,常温抗拉强度不再继续提高.加入Al-Ti-C中间合金后随着静置时间的延长,常温抗拉强度变化并不明显.     

Al-Ti-C-RE中间合金的制备及细化性能研究

以工业纯铝、Ti粉、石墨粉、富铈稀土为主要原料,制备了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE中间合金,并对纯铝进行了细化试验.通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及能谱分析等方法,研究了该中间合金的微观组织和细化性能.结果表明:Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂主要由α-Al基体、TiAl3、TiC、Al20Ti2Ce等相组成;稀土元素的加入促进了TiC的形成;细化剂最佳添加量为0.5wt％,保温120 min,此时细化剂都具有良好的细化效果.     

RE对Al-5Ti-0.25C细化性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析手段,研究了RE对Al-5Ti-0.25C细化性能的影响,并对其细化机制进行了分析探讨。结果表明,加入质量分数为0.5%的Al-5Ti-0.25C中间合金能将3003铝合金晶粒尺寸细化至403μm,而Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE中间合金中由于RE元素的加入,w(Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE)=0.5%的中间合金可将3003铝合金晶粒尺寸细化至172μm。RE元素能够促进TiC粒子和TiAl3相生成,并促进TiC粒子在基体中均匀弥散分布,改变TiAl3形貌,还能与熔体发生反应生成Ti2Al20Ce相。     

制备工艺对Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE组织及细化效果的影响

采用两种不同的RE添加工艺制备了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂,并利用光学显微镜(OM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等研究了Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE显微组织及其对纯铝的细化效果.结果表明,两种制备工艺所得Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂的组织均由α-Al基体、长条状TiAl3相、TiC颗粒、包裹状和不规则块状Ti2Al20Ce相组成.采用先加稀土工艺制备的Al-5Ti-0.25C-2RE细化剂由于稀土元素促进了TiC粒子形成并充分改善了TiAl3相的尺寸,在0.5%的添加量时比后加RE制备的细化剂获得了更加优异的细化效果.     

Al-10%Mg中间合金细化Al-5%Fe合金的研究

通过改变Al-10%Mg中间合金晶粒细化剂加入量和熔体保温时间,研究了过共晶Al-5%Fe合金微观组织形态及力学性能.试验表明,在过共晶Al-5%Fe合金中加入Al-10%Mg中间合金细化剂,当加入量为1.2%、保温时间为90 min时,细化效果仍较好,Al-5%Fe合金中初生Al3Fe相由粗大板条状变为花朵状和颗粒状,尺寸明显减小,材料的强度和塑性明显提高.     

SCR技术制备Al-5Ti-0.25C合金的组织演化

利用SCR成形技术,使液固反应法获得的Al-5Ti-0.25C合金在强剪切应力场中凝固成形,制备了高细化活性的Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂,对纯Al细化时其晶粒尺寸小于80 μm.研究了SCR成形合金的微观结构及其形成机制.结果表明:SCR成形过程中合金熔体受到强烈剪切与热扰动作用,影响了自由晶TiC的迁移行为及TiAl3的溶解析出,从而改变了Al-5Ti-0.25C合金的组织形态;TiC粒子呈弥散分布以及与TiAl3形成二重粒子均能显著提高TiC粒子的形核能力.     

Al-6.55% Ti-0.22% C对AZ91D合金晶粒细化的影响

采用液-固反应法制备了Al-6.55%Ti-0.22%C合金晶粒细化剂。通过对AZ91D合金的细化试验,研究了细化剂添加量对AZ91D合金的细化作用并分析了细化机理。结果表明:随着细化剂添加量的增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,适宜的细化剂添加量为1%,添加量超过1%后,晶粒尺寸减小趋势变缓。     

粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的显微组织与晶粒细化性能

采用气雾化工艺制备Al-5Ti-1B合金粉,然后压制成Al-5Ti-1B合金,研究了粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的显微组织与晶粒细化性能,并与铸造Al-5Ti-1B合金进行了比较。结果表明:气雾化快速凝固可以抑制TiB_2粒子的团聚和细化TiAl_3相,使TiB_2粒子和TiAl_3相均匀分布在粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的α(Al)基体上。在纯铝熔体中添加0.2%(质量分数)的粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金并保温2 min,可使纯铝的晶粒组织从粗大的柱状晶细化为平均直径为183μm的等轴晶。保温时间延长至180 min,纯铝的晶粒平均直径仍保持在229μm。与铸造Al-5Ti-1B合金相比,粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金具有更强的晶粒细化能力和抗细化衰退能力。     

Al-Ti-B细化剂对ZL205A铝合金组织性能的影响

研究了Al-5Ti-B细化剂的类型、加入量和精炼工艺对ZL205A合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,Al-5Ti-B细化剂中TiB2相聚集分布时,会诱发细化效果的不均匀性,细化剂中的粗大Al3Ti相会残留于合金基体中,降低合金的力学性能;Al-5Ti-B细化剂在Ti加入量为0.25%时,ZL205A合金的细化效果良好且力学性能最佳,屈服强度、抗拉强度与伸长率分别可达378 MPa、455 MPa和8.9%;采用C2Cl6精炼时,细化剂中的TiB2颗粒会发生"中毒"现象,加剧TiB_2相的聚集。采用氩气精炼并控制静置时间可以保证TiB_2相的稳定性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.