贮藏方式对三种野菜品质的影响

实验通过对运城市常见3种野菜荠菜、藜菜和苣荬菜分别进行冷藏、冷冻、盐渍、常温放置4种处理,测定了其Vc、硝酸盐和蛋白质含量。结果表明,4种贮藏方式对野菜品质的影响有显著差异,盐渍对野菜中蛋白质,Vc的含量降低最多,冷藏处理则最少;盐渍对野菜中硝酸盐的含量增加最多,冷冻处理则最少。贮藏后3种野菜中蛋白质、Vc的含量均低于鲜样,硝酸盐均高于鲜样。测定方法简便快速准确,对指导人们合理食用野菜和进一步开发野菜提供了可靠的理论依据。     

不同生长发育阶段几种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量

测定了荠菜、泥胡菜和多头苦荬菜等3种野菜不同发育阶段叶中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量。参考蔬菜中硝酸盐含量分级评价标准，参考我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量限量标准（以NaNO2计≤4．0mg／kg），考虑到各种野菜的维生素C的含量，对这3种野菜评价如下：泥胡菜和多头苦荬菜的各个时期的叶，硝酸盐含量低于轻度污染水平444mg／kg，亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准，所以，它们属于一级野菜，可以安全食用；果期荠菜的叶，硝酸盐含量低于807mg／kg，属于中度污染水平，亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准，属二级蔬菜范围，不宜生食，煮熟或盐渍可安全食用：荠菜的期于各期叶的硝酸盐含量高于807mg／kg而低于1268mg／kg，亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准，属于三级蔬菜，不可生食和盐渍，可熟食。     

广东产苋科6种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及VC的含量

测定了广东产苋科6种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量。结果表明:青葙、刺苋的硝酸盐较高、亚硝酸盐含量符合我国无公害蔬菜限量标准,维生素C含量又较为丰富,它们为品质较好的野菜;繁穗苋维生素C含量高,硝酸盐含量高,亚硝酸盐含量较低,煮熟可安全食用;空心莲子草、皱果苋和苋菜的维生素C含量较高,亚硝酸盐含量较低,但硝酸盐含量严重超标,须采取一定的措施,限量食用。     

接种乳酸菌对大白菜腌渍发酵的影响

以接种乳酸菌和自然发酵进行大白菜腌渍,测定发酵过程酸,pH,亚硝酸盐,硝酸盐及成品中Vc含量,结果表明,接种发酵使腌渍过程酸快速积累,pH值迅速下降,亚硝酸盐生成曲线平缓,峰值低,成品中亚硝酸盐含量低,硝酸盐分解被控制,成品中硝酸盐含量高,成品在Vc含量高。     

食用野菜需适量

近年来,返璞归真,回归自然成为一种时尚,食野菜也成为一种时髦。殊不知在野菜营养、保健、无污染等优点的背后,对人体健康不利的一面也是不容忽视的。 据测定,几种常见野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量极高,如马齿苋中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量分别为4597.0毫克/ 千克、0.63毫克/ 千克,蒲公英的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量分别为2136. 2毫克/ 千克、0.84毫克/ 千克。医学界早已证明硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐对人体的健康具有大的危害作用:一方面亚硝盐和仲胺在人体内合成致癌性极强的有机物,它对人体的所有重要器官都具     

晋南野菜和蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C含量分析

目的对山西南部的10种野菜和4种常食用蔬菜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C含量进行测定。方法硝酸盐含量测定采用镉柱法;亚硝酸盐含量测定采用盐酸萘基乙二胺法;维生素C含量测定采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法。结果苜蓿、黄瓜和西红柿的硝酸盐含量低于轻度污染水平,亚硝酸盐含量低于亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准,维生素C的含量较低,属于一级蔬菜,可以安全生食;马齿苋、荠菜、蒲公英的硝酸盐含量低于中度污染水平,亚硝酸盐含量低于或相当于亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准,维生素C的含量高或较高,属于二级蔬菜,不宜生食,可盐渍和熟食;苣荬菜、车前草、苦菜、胡萝卜的硝酸盐含量过高,低于重度污染水平,不宜生食和盐渍,可以熟食;藜菜、菠菜、白蒿、地肤的硝酸盐含量高于1234mg/kg,属于高度污染水平,亚硝酸盐含量超过或相当于亚硝酸盐含量限量标准,维生素C的含量高或极高,不宜食用或限量食用。结论大多数供试野菜的各个指标含量均高于栽培蔬菜。     

黄鹌菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及VC的含量

本文测定分析了不同生长发育阶段黄鹌菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和VC的含量,以及漂烫对其影响。结果表明:在各个不同发育阶段,黄鹌菜的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量变化不大,除了花期属于二级野菜外,其余各期均为一级野菜;随着漂烫时间的加长,其硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和VC的含量逐渐降低。     

鲜姜、煮姜、泡姜中Vc、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量测定

测定姜经不同处理后Vc、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量,以评价不同处理方法对营养成分Vc和有害成分硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的破坏情况。方法：通过紫外吸收分光光度计在特定波长下的吸收值来计算所测成分的舍量。结果：生姜经煮沸15min后,Vc的含量为2．30mg／100g,只有鲜姜中Vc的20．65％,而泡姜中Vc的含量达5．86mg／100g,为鲜姜中的52．60％：鲜姜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量分别为39338．5mg／100g和0．3046mg／100g,煮姜和泡姜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量都很低。     

不同包装方式对野菜灰绿藜低温贮存品质的影响

研究了在0～4℃低温贮存条件下,保鲜袋开口、密封、打孔3种处理方式对野菜灰绿藜失重率、Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,低温贮存条件下,与开口处理相比较,密封处理和打孔处理能有效降低贮存期间灰绿藜的失重率,延缓Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质的损失,但对硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的影响不大;密封处理与打孔处理相比,密封处理能更好地降低灰绿藜低温贮存期间的失重率和可溶性糖的损失,而打孔处理能更好地降低可溶性蛋白质的损失。     

几种常见野菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量

几种常见野菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量韩涛，马红梅，李丽萍，黄万荣北京农学院食品科学系１０２２０８近年来，野生蔬菜因其营养、保健、无污染等优点日益受到人们的关注。杨恩孚等人［１］曾具体分析过７２种野菜中的维生素含量，其中胡萝卜素的含量只有７种低于胡萝卜；...     

子午岭林区常见野生蔬菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C含量的测定

测定了子午岭林区常见19种野生蔬菜中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C的含量,比较蔬菜中硝酸盐分级评价标准和我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐限量标准及维生素C的含量发现,香椿硝酸盐含量处于安全水平,但亚硝酸盐含量高于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐的限量标准,且维生素C含量小于50 mg/100g,不属于无公害蔬菜的范畴,建议少量食用或经过特殊处理后再食用;其余17种野生蔬菜均属于安全无公害蔬菜,且维生素C的含量高,可放心食用.     

冷藏对蔬菜中亚硝酸盐及硝酸盐含量的影响

目的 探索冰箱冷藏(4℃)条件下蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量随时间的变化,对冷藏食品的安全性进行评价.方法 分别采用重氮偶合分光光度法和麝香草酚分光光度法对生菜、菠菜、油麦菜及苦苣4种常用蔬菜在冷藏条件下其亚硝酸盐及硝酸盐的含量变化进行测定.结果 1～4d内,生菜、苦苣中的亚硝酸盐含量随着时间的延长逐渐增加;菠菜、油麦菜中亚硝酸盐含量分别在第2天和第3天达到最大,之后逐渐降低,而菠菜中亚硝酸盐含量在第4天又出现上升趋势.4种蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量4d中最大值仅为0.419 4 mg/kg(生菜),均＜4 mg/kg的限量值.苦苣和油麦菜中硝酸盐含量在1～4d内逐渐上升.菠菜中硝酸盐含量第2天达到418.48 mg/kg,之后又降低至20.83 mg/kg.生菜中硝酸盐含量在第3天达到最大值317.26 mg/kg,之后逐渐下降,但均在安全范围内(432 mg/kg).结论 在4℃下冷藏4d后,4种常见蔬菜均可安全食用.可见,冷藏能有效减缓亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐含量的升高.     

不同贮藏蔬菜中亚硝酸盐变化的研究

本研究以大白菜、甘蓝、白萝卜为试验材料,研究了室温、低温、腌制三种贮藏蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量的变化及其形成的机理。结果表明:室温、腌制两种贮藏方法的初期都出现“亚硝峰”。形成“亚硝峰”的原因依贮藏方法而异,室温贮藏蔬菜中“亚硝峰”的形成是由于采摘后菜体内硝酸还原酶的活性增强导致蔬菜内硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐;腌制贮藏蔬菜中“亚硝峰”的形成是由于发酵过程中杂菌所致。腌制菜中“亚硝峰”的峰值大大高于室温贮藏,并超过FAO/WUO规定的ADI值,腌制后期亚硝酸盐含量在安全食用范围。室温、低温贮藏蔬菜中亚硝酸盐含量的最高值小于ADI值,可以放心食用。     

Nitrate and nitrite quantification from cured meat and vegetables and their estimated dietary intake in Australians

High dietary nitrate and nitrite intake may increase the risk of gastro-intestinal cancers due to the in vivo formation of carcinogenic chemicals known as N-nitroso compounds. Water and leafy vegetables are natural sources of dietary nitrate, whereas cured meats are the major sources of dietary nitrite. This paper describes a simple and fast analytical method for determining nitrate and nitrite contents in vegetables and meat, using reversed-phase HPLC-UV. The linearity R² value was >0.998 for the anions. The limits of quantification for nitrite and nitrate were 5.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. This method is applicable for both leafy vegetable and meat samples. A range of vegetables was tested, which contained <23 mg/kg nitrite, but as much as 5000 mg/kg of nitrate. In cured and fresh meat samples, nitrate content ranged from 3.7 to 139.5 mg/kg, and nitrite content ranged from 3.7 to 86.7 mg/kg. These were below the regulatory limits set by food standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ). Based on the average consumption of these vegetables and cured meat in Australia, the estimated dietary intake for nitrate and nitrite for Australians were 267 and 5.3 mg/adult/day, respectively.     

Nitrate and nitrite in vegetables on the Danish market: content and intake

The contents of nitrate and nitrite in lettuce, leek, potato, beetroot, Chinese cabbage and white cabbage on the Danish market were determined for 3 years in the period 1993-1997 as part of the Danish food monitoring programme. These vegetables are supposed to provide the major contribution to the intake of nitrate from the diet. Results for nitrate and nitrite in fresh and frozen spinach are also shown. The highest content of nitrate was found in lettuce followed by beetroot, Chinese cabbage, fresh spinach, leek, frozen spinach, white cabbage and potatoes. For all the products a great variation in the content of nitrate was found. For lettuce a characteristic variation throughout the year is clearly seen with the highest content in the winter period the lowest content in the summer period. Generally, the content of nitrite was low but in spinach high contents were found, probably due to improper storage conditions during transportation. The intake of nitrate and nitrite from these vegetables is calculated on the basis of two different consumption surveys. For both surveys the average intake of nitrate from the vegetables included in the monitoring programme is estimated to be approximately 40mg day^-1, whereas for nitrite the average intake is approximately 0.09mg day^-1. The total intake of nitrate and nitrite is estimated to be respectively 61mg day^-1 and 0.5mg day^-1.     

京郊主要蔬菜产品器官硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量分析与评价

对京郊52种蔬菜产品,以及同一种类不同品种、同一品种产品的不同部位的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和VC含量等进行测定。结果表明：供试蔬菜产品器官的硝酸盐含量在不同种类、品种及其不同部位间存在明显差异。以蔬菜鲜质量器官中硝酸盐含量均值计算,根菜类(420.66mg/kg)＞叶菜类(281.24mg/kg)＞茎菜类(279.54mg/kg)＞果菜类(176.54mg/kg)＞花菜类(157.93mg/kg);同种蔬菜品种间的硝酸盐含量相差1.13～5.48倍;产品器官不同部位的硝酸盐含量也有较大差异,如结球叶菜硝酸盐含量外叶＞中叶＞内叶,叶柄＞叶片,黄瓜果实顶部、基部＞中部,果肉＞果心,萝卜根皮＞根肉。各供试蔬菜产品器官的亚硝酸盐含量多在1mg/kg以下,个别蔬菜种类如茼蒿可达6.74mg/kg,不同蔬菜种类、品种和部位间亚硝酸盐含量差异不如硝酸盐含量差异明显。果菜类、叶菜类和花菜类蔬菜产品器官的VC含量普遍较高,如辣椒可达146.56mg/100g,但品种间VC含量差异不显著。由此可见,目前京郊蔬菜产品器官中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量多在安全范围内,但仍建议消费者科学合理进行蔬菜种类搭配以保障人体健康。     

蔬菜中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的积累规律与控制方法

目前对蔬菜生产和加工中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的形成积累规律还缺乏清楚的认识和理解,对蔬菜中硝酸盐含量也没有系统的控制方法。文章对蔬菜,特别是叶类蔬菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的积累规律和控制方法进行了综述,以指导无公害蔬菜的生产。     

Nitrate and nitrite in vegetables from north China: content and intake

The contents of nitrate and nitrite in potato, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, scallion (shallot), celery, cucumber, tomato, eggplant and wax gourd taken from the north China market from 1998 to 1999 were determined. These vegetables provide the major contribution to the nitrate intake from the diet. The highest content of nitrate was found in celery followed by Chinese cabbage, cabbage, scallion, wax gourd and eggplant. For all the products, a great variation in the content of nitrate was found. Generally, the nitrite content was low. The average intake of nitrate and nitrite from these vegetables was estimated as approximately 422.8 and 0.68 mg day -1 , respectively.