氢化松香甘油酯的合成反应研究

以氢经松香和甘油为原料、ZnO为催化剂进行酯化反应的研究。探索了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间以及甘油加入方式对酯化反应的影响，找出了最佳反应参数为：原料松香与甘油的摩尔比2．0：1、催化剂用量（质量分数）0．2％、反应温度270℃、反应时间3h、甘油的加入方式为一次性全部加入。     

ZnO催化合成歧化松香甘油酯反应的研究

以歧化松香和甘油为原料,ZnO为催化剂,进行歧化松香甘油酯合成反应的研究。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速度及保护气种类对酯化反应进度的影响,确定了催化酯化合成歧化松香甘油酯的最佳工艺条件为:原料歧化松香与甘油的摩尔比2.0∶1.0、催化剂用量0.2%(以歧化松香计)、反应温度270℃、反应时间3.0 h、搅拌速度400 r/min、CO2作保护气。在线采样跟踪研究酯化反应的动力学实验数据,运用Eviews软件回归分析,确定不同温度下反应体系的动力学参数,其中反应级数为一级,阿累尼乌斯方程中指前因子为k0=1.372×104min-1和反应活化能为Ea=66.019 kJ.mol-1。     

固体酸催化合成聚合松香甘油酯

研究用负载型固体酸催化聚合松香和甘油的酯化反应，探讨了反应温度、催化剂用量、甘油用量、甘油加入方式等因素对酯化效率的影响，选择适宜的反应条件。     

氢化松香甘油酯合成的工艺条件

以氧化锌为催化剂、氢化松香和甘油为原料进行酯化反应。采用正交实验方法，考察了4个因素4个水平对酯化率的影响，结果表明氢化松香甘油酯合成的最佳工艺条件为：核醇比2．0：1，反应温度270℃，反应时间3h，催化剂用量0.2%，所得产品符合国家标准GB10287－88的质量要求，并通过极差分析，确定影响酯化率的主要因素是反应温度。     

合成氢化松香乙酯的新工艺研究

以DRC为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,通过氢化松香与乙醇的直接酯化反应合成氢化松香乙酯。探索了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、物料配比等因素对反应酯化率的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度180℃,催化剂用量为原料氢化松香质量的6%,反应时间6h,醇与酸的摩尔比为3∶1。在最佳条件下酯化率达92.2%。还探讨了用阴离子交换树脂柱层析分离纯化氢化松香乙酯粗产物的方法。此外,利用红外光谱对氢化松香乙酯精制产物进行了表征;用GC-MS分别对氢化松香乙酯粗产物及其精制产物进行了定性和定量分析,比较了柱层析前后化学组成的变化。     

合成氢化松香乙酯的新工艺研究

以DRC为催化剂，在无溶剂条件下，通过氢化松香与乙醇的直接酯化反应合成氢化松香乙酯。探索了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间、物料配比等因素对反应酯化率的影响，确定最佳反应条件为：反应温度180℃，催化剂用量为原料氢化松香质量的6％，反应时间6h，醇与酸的摩尔比为3：1。在最佳条件下酯化率达92．2％。还探讨了用阴离子交换树脂柱层析分离纯化氢化松香乙酯粗产物的方法。此外，利用红外光谱对氢化松香乙酯精制产物进行了表征；用GC—MS分别对氢化松香乙酯粗产物及其精制产物进行了定性和定量分析，比较了柱层析前后化学组成的变化。     

硫锆催化合成三醋酸甘油酯的反应动力学

研究了甘油和乙酸以氧化锆负载硫酸为催化剂合成三醋酸甘油酯的反应动力学,建立了酯化反应动力学方程. 考察了温度、催化剂用量、反应时间以及反应原料摩尔配比对反应速率的影响. 实验结果表明,反应时间10 h,催化剂用量为甘油的5%(w),甘油/乙酸=1:8(摩尔比)的条件下,三醋酸甘油酯的收率达93.8%. 100~130℃时,反应活化能为113.245 kJ/mol.     

用酯化改性的歧化松香作增粘剂制备EVA热熔胶的初步研究

研究了以歧化松香为原料,用甘油和季戊四醇进行酯化改性,并以改性产物作为增粘剂制备EVA热熔胶。初步讨论了多元醇的用量、反应温度及催化剂对酯化反应的影响。实验结果表明,歧化松香与多元醇物质的量比为1:1左右,反应温度为260～270℃,催化剂次磷酸的加入量为总反应物的0．16%,且分批加入时,合成的歧化松香酯的性能较为优良。以合成的歧化松香甘油酯和歧化松香季戊四醇酯作为增粘剂制备的EVA热熔胶,固化时间均为5s,T型剥离强度可分别达到5．1 kN/m和2．8 kN/m。     

松香甘油酯的合成

在减压体系下以高效无毒、绿色环保且廉价的羧酸盐和碱性盐类化合物为催化剂催化松香和甘油酯化反应合成松香甘油酯。考察了催化剂种类和用量、n(松香)∶n(甘油)、反应时间和反应温度对酯化反应的影响,得出较佳的反应条件为n(松香)∶n(甘油)=1∶0.77、m(松香)=15.0g、m(催化剂B)∶m(松香)=1∶50、反应时间10h、反应温度230℃。在上述条件下,所得产物松香甘油酯的酸值为9.84mg KOH/g、软化点为96.5℃、色号为8~9(铁钴法)。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成三乙酸甘油酯

三乙酸甘油酯是一种用途广泛的精细化工产品。以乙酸、甘油为原料,通过酯化反应合成乙酸甘油酯。考察了催化剂用量、带水剂、酸醇摩尔比和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响;确定了适宜的反应条件:催化剂(一水硫酸氢钠)的用量为原料总质量的4.0%、带水剂甲苯的用量为甘油质量的1%、乙酸与甘油的摩尔比为5.0和反应时间约8 h,其产品收率为84.5%(酯化率97.3%)。利用红外光谱分析、元素分析,对产品进行了物性及结构表征。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。