油泥-煤混合热解挥发分析出特性

利用热重分析的方法对含油污泥、煤及其混合试样的挥发分析出特性进行研究,分析了含油污泥、煤的混合比例及升温速率对含油污泥-煤混合热解过程的化学动力学参数和挥发分析出特性参数的影响规律.实验结果表明,随着混合试样中含油污泥含量的增加,挥发分析出份额越大,混合试样总失重量增加;混合试样的热解反应整体活化能要小于两种单一组分;煤中加入少量的含油污泥就可以使挥发分初析温度显著降低,挥发分析出的温度区间在含油污泥质量分数为33%左右时达到最大;当混合试样中含油污泥质量分数超过33%时,挥发分析出高峰时的温度接近含油污泥,且挥发分最大析出速度、挥发分析出特性指数随含油污泥含量的增加而增大,增加含油污泥对混合试样挥发分的析出有明显的促进作用;在10～30,℃/min的变化范围内,热解曲线随升温速率的增大向高温方向偏移,挥发分析出特性指数随升温速率的增加略有增大,升温速率的增大对于挥发分的析出略有促进作用.     

污泥-花生壳共热解气相产物研究

采用外热式反应釜,以CH_3COOK为催化剂进行污泥-花生壳共热解气相产物的研究。考察花生壳添加量、热解温度、催化剂添加量、热解时间对共热解气相产物的产率、组成和热值的影响。研究结果表明:随着花生壳添加量的增加,气相产物的产率和热值均先增大后减小,花生壳添加量为80%时,气体热值达到最大,CH_4体积百分数达到10.57%;随着热解温度的升高,气相产物的产率和热值均先增大后减小,H_2体积百分数呈增大趋势,热解温度为600℃时,气体热值达到最大,CH_4体积百分数达到21.86%;随着催化剂添加量的增加,气相产物的产率和热值均先增大后减小,催化剂添加量为6%时气体热值达到最大;随着热解时间的延长,气相产率迅速增大后趋于平缓,气体热值缓慢增大后减小,热解时间为150 min时,气体热值达到最大值27.92MJ/m3,CH_4体积百分数达到28.33%。     

基于FLIC的油泥焚烧产物模拟研究

文章对含油污泥的焚烧过程进行了数值模拟,并建立了含油污泥焚烧过程的一维数学模型,采用SIMPLE算法对离散方程进行求解,计算了焚烧产物、炉内固体残留物,以及气体和固体温度特性。结果表明:在炉体床层的上部,CO2浓度在700 s时出现峰值;随着风从鼓风机中引入,含油污泥中的水分迅速蒸发;含油污泥的挥发分均出现先升高再下降的趋势,最大挥发分含量达到82.4%;固定碳是燃烧过程中的一个中间产物,灰分中的残留量较少;不同床层高度的气体温度随着反应的延续而升高。     

高含灰量海藻热解产物及热解特性研究

对高含灰海藻进行水洗和酸洗预处理,比较了预处理前后海藻的基本特性及在700℃时管式炉热解产物成份,并进行了动力学特性分析。结果表明:高含灰海藻酸处理后,含灰量由34.9%降为12.4%,有机挥发份从56%升为64%,热值由8.89MJ/kg上升为17.65MJ/kg;高含灰量对海藻热解有明显影响作用,处理前海藻有机物有两次降解峰,而水洗和酸洗后海藻在500℃以下几乎降解完全;海藻在700℃时,热解产气率(87mL/g)低,焦油含量少(15%),经水洗和酸洗后的原料产气率高(195mL/kg),焦油得率36%;通过建立热解动力学模型,得到了原料的活化能E和频率因子。     

热解温度对2种煤在流化床中热解产物的影响

利用小型流化床热解试验台,对比分析了小龙潭褐煤和李嘴孜烟煤在不同热解温度下的热解过程,获得了不同热解温度下热解产物产率和成分的变化规律.结果表明:与李嘴孜烟煤相比,煤化程度较低的小龙潭褐煤热解后产生的煤气产率较高,煤气中H2和CO2的体积分数较高,CH4的体积分数较低,焦油产率较低,焦油中烷烃类质量分数较高;当热解温度从500℃升高至700℃时,小龙潭褐煤和李嘴孜烟煤的煤气产率均明显升高,半焦产率有所降低;焦油和热解水产率随着温度的升高先升高后降低,在550~600℃内达到最大值;随着热解温度的升高,煤气中H2的体积分数明显升高,而CO2体积分数则有所降低,同时焦油中烷烃类质量分数降低,萘类芳烃类质量分数升高.     

城市污水污泥热解温度对产物分布的影响

用直径200mm的外热式固定床反应器,以城市生活污泥为试验物料,在250-700℃之间对其进行了中低温热解的试验研究,得到气、液、固3种热解产物的产率随热解温度的变化规律。结果表明,固体产物的产率随热解终温的升高而下降,在250-450℃范围内减少较快,在450-700℃范围内减少非常缓慢;而热解液产率在450℃以下呈上升趋势,450-550℃热解液产率较高,550℃达最高值43%,550℃以上呈下降趋势;液态产物中有明显的分层现象,最下层为热解产生的水分及水溶性有机物,中间层为脂肪酸类及硫醇类物质,最上层为脂肪族、烯族碳氢类物质;热解气产率在整个试验温度范围内均呈增加趋势,450℃后气体产生速率明显增加。450℃左右,有机物发生二次裂解反应。这些规律为城市生活污泥热解技术的实际工业应用提供了可靠的基础性资料。     

生物质废弃物在回转窑内热解研究--Ⅰ.热解条件对热解产物分布的影响

研究了生物质类废弃物在回转窑内的热解特性,讨论了物料种类,热解终温,加热方式,给料粒径和含水率对热解产物分布的影响。物料挥发份和热解终温高,加热快,粒径小,有利于燃气产率的提高以及炭产率的降低,而水分的提高会提高焦油的产率并降低炭的产率。同时,还研究了回转窑内的温升特性和热解气体的瞬态析出特性。     

沼渣热解动力学、热力学分析及热解产物特性研究

采用热重分析（TG）分析沼渣的热解特性,研究沼渣的热解动力学并计算指前因子A、焓变ΔH、吉布斯自由能ΔG、熵变ΔS等热力学参数。进一步考察温度对沼渣热解产物分布与性质的影响。其热解过程可分为3个失重阶段,其中第2阶段为主要失重阶段,采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa（FWO）法、Friedman法和Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose（KAS）法计算的平均活化能分别为410.00、471.32和420.01 kJ/mol,热力学参数计算结果表明沼渣热解过程具有稳定的能量输出。沼渣热解油的产率随温度上升先增加后降低。气体产物的高位热值（HHV）从400 ℃时的6.82 MJ/Nm³增加到700 ℃时的8.54 MJ/Nm³。红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼（Raman）光谱表明热解温度升高生物炭结构的有序性增加。     

丁苯橡胶气相热解产物反应机理的动力学计算与模型

为了更深入地了解废旧橡胶热解机理,运用分子动力学的方法,对应用广泛的丁苯橡胶的热解过程进行了模拟,并结合模拟结果和密度泛函数对其气相产物的反应路径进行推测计算。模拟结果表明:热解过程主要分为两个阶段,第一个阶段,主要发生丁苯橡胶链断裂形成短链和单体,第二阶段主要发生单体进一步生成气体。在第一个阶段,主要产物为1,3-丁二烯,还有部分苯乙烯,反应为放热反应,其中苯乙烯的形成不利于1,3-丁二烯后续生成H_2、■的热解反应;在第二阶段,1,3-丁二烯热解的主要气相产物为■,中间C—H键上的H原子更容易被夺去;苯乙烯热解的主要气相产物为H_2,乙烯基与苯基结合处的H原子最容易被夺去。此外,还会产生■等气体。这将为废旧橡胶热解得到特定的气相产物提供理论依据。     

煤和石油焦混合燃料的热解特性及其动力学参数

介绍了在热重分析仪上进行石油焦及其煤和石油焦混合燃料的热解试验,研究了样品种类、升温速率、掺混比等因素对石油焦及其煤和石油焦混合燃料的影响规律,同时对石油焦和烟煤进行了比较,并进一步研究了其热解的动力学参数。试验结果对利用石油焦作为锅炉替代燃料具有参考价值。     

Yields of pyrolysis products from refuse-derived fuel

Pyrolysis yields and gas characteristics must be studied to control pollution caused by waste-energy recycling and to develop a refuse-derived fuel technology. In this study, refuse-derived fuel pyrolysis experiments were performed in a high-temperature tube furnace. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature, material mixture ratio, and pyrolysis rate on the yields of pyrolysis products, including gas, tar, and semi-coke, were studied. The volume fractions of the pyrolysis gas components (H₂, CO, CH₄, and CO₂) of the samples were also detected. Results showed that with increased final temperature, the tar and gas yields increased but the semi-coke yield decreased. The volume fractions of the components had the following trends: H₂ increased, CO initially decreased and then increased, CH₄ initially increased and then decreased, and CO₂ decreased. With decreased biomass, the tar yield decreased and then increased, whereas the semi-coke and gas yields increased and then decreased. Compared with slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis decreased the tar yield by 9.13%, increased the gas yield by 7.45%, increased the CO and CH₄ volume fractions, and decreased the CO₂ volume fraction.     

褐煤热解提质系统的煤气净化及脱硫

对褐煤热解提质系统所生产的副产热解煤气进行了简要分析,并针对褐煤热解提质系统的特点提出了四种煤气净化工艺,同时对煤气脱硫工艺进行了简要介绍,提出了煤气净化与煤气脱硫合理结合的几点建议.     

城市污泥与混矸煤混燃特性的实验研究

利用热重分析仪研究不同掺烧比例、不同钙硫比下低热值混矸煤与污泥的着火稳定性和综合燃尽特性。采用Coats-Redfern积分法确定污泥与煤混烧过程中化学动力学参数。结果表明:污泥与煤样的混烧特性从总体上表现为污泥和煤样共同作用的结果,低热值混矸煤中适当掺混污泥可以提高热失重率,改善低热值混矸煤的着火特性,达到更好的燃烧效果,当污泥的掺烧比为10%左右时,综合燃烧性能最好。Ca/S摩尔比对煤和污泥燃烧也有很大的影响,随着Ca/S摩尔比的增加,混合燃料的着火点和燃尽温度均增加,燃烧特性指数先变小再增大,可以得出为了增加脱硫的效果而增加Ca/S摩尔比,对混合燃料的燃烧起到负面的作用,所以需要寻求一个最佳的Ca/S摩尔比。其研究结果可为掺烧污泥的循环流化床锅炉的运行提供参考。     

我国煤热解多联产技术的发展概况

目前煤热解多联产已成为一项提高煤炭资源综合利用率的高新技术,是未来洁净煤主要的发展方向.以煤热解为核心的多联产工艺已成为我国煤炭利用的主要途径,通过煤热解多联产技术可有效地将煤炭化工和电力工业结合起来,不仅解决了煤炭利用率低下、化工产品制造成本高等问题,而且对我国的环境保护有着重要影响.介绍了国内外煤热解多联产工艺的研究状况,并对国内几种典型的煤热解多联产工艺进行了评述,总结了当前煤热解多联产工艺的优缺点和主要发展方向.     

Microwave-assisted metal-catalyzed pyrolysis of low-rank coal: Promising option towards obtaining high-quality products

Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis is considered to be a promising technology for coal-staged conversion due to its high efficiency and selectivity. This work was undertaken to investigate the pyrolysis behavior and products quality of microwave-assisted pyrolysis of low rank coal catalyzed by metallic catalysts (K, Ca and Fe) with both dielectric response and catalytic effect via a microwave tube furnace. The mechanism of metallic catalysts on catalytic cracking tar under microwave radiation was also investigated. The dielectric properties and physicochemical structure of coal chars were characterized by a vector network analyzer, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, and Raman. The chemical structure characteristics of generated tars were determined by FT-IR and GC-MS. Results manifested that microwave interacted preferentially with metal catalysts by polarization and conductivity loss could efficiently induce the occurrence of catalytic pyrolysis reactions to generate high yield syngas (CO + H₂). Specifically, the dielectric loss factor of resultant chars was considerably improved with the introduction of metallic catalysts especial for Ca and Fe. Furthermore, it is found that metal catalysts dramatically enriched the amorphous carbon structure in produced chars whereas in favour of suppressing the trend of carbon graphitization. Additionally, the transformation of larger polycyclic aromatic compounds into lighter tar species was catalytically accelerated, resulting in the large proportion of single-ring aromatics in tar under the synergistic effect between microwave and metal catalysts.     

Experiments and modelling of coal pyrolysis under fluidized bed conditions

INTRODUCTIONPyrolysisistheinitialandimportantstepinmostcoalconversionprocess3whichismainlyinfluencedbytemperature,pressure,heatingrate,coalparticlesize,coalrankandreactionenvironment.IthasbeenstudiedwithavarietyofexperimentalmethodsfSimpleweightlossm...     

生物质热裂解制取液体燃料的实验研究

在对生物质热裂解技术进行系统研究的基础上，率先在国内自行开发研制了以流化床反应器为主体的可连续运行的生物质热裂解制取游液体燃料系统，成功地制取出了产率高达60％的生物油。同时简要介绍了适合于生物油分析的GC－MS分析方法，得出生物油由于高水分含量和高含氧量需作进一步改性处理后才能投入实际应用。     

储运油泥热解机理研究

利用管式炉,通入氯气和二氧化碳两种不同气氛,研究储运油泥的热解特性.分析油泥的气、液、渣的不同特性,探讨两种气氛下的不同热解特点.二氧化碳气氛下油泥热解的最佳温度为450℃,而氮气气氛下为500℃2.二氧化碳气氛下的渣是致密性渣,氮气气氛下是薄壁型渣.冷凝液中的低烷烃类、单环芳烃,二氧化碳气氛下比氮气气氛下高.而气体成分中甲烷和氢气含量氮气气氛比二氧化碳下高.得出同温度下,氮气的热解程度大于二氧化碳,而且二氧化碳参与了热解反应.     

Effect of middle-temperature pyrolysis on the surface hydrophobicity of sub-bituminous coal

Middle-temperature pyrolysis is widely used to convert sub-bituminous coal into gas/liquid products and the coal char, which benefits the utilization of low rank coal resources. However, the coal char usually contains high-ash content because the volatile components in coal release from coal particle forming gas/liquid products while most of high-ash mineral components remain in the coal char. Therefore, the upgrading of the coal char is usually required to meet the requirement of calorific value for burning. It is necessary to find out the effect of middle-temperature pyrolysis on the surface hydrophobicity of coal. In this study, the effects of pyrolysis temperature (700, 800, and 900°C) and pyrolysis time (30 and 90 min) on the surface hydrophobicity of sub-bituminous coal were comprehensively investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attachment time, and flotation tests were used to reveal the changes of surface hydrophobicity and floatability of sub-bituminous coal before and after middle-temperature pyrolysis. The XPS results indicated the content of hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups was reduced while the content of hydrophobic functional groups on coal surface was increased after the pyrolysis. The attachment time of coal particle-bubble was reduced while the flotation recovery of coal was increased after the pyrolysis. The surface hydrophobicity and floatability of sub-bituminous coal were enhanced by middle-temperature pyrolysis, which makes the upgrading of the coal char feasible.     

Production of fuel by co‐pyrolysis of Makarwal coal and waste polypropylene through a hybrid heating system of convection and microwaves

The bituminous coal of the Makarwal range of Pakistan and waste polypropylene were converted into gaseous and liquid fuel using a hybrid heating process based on microwave metal interactions. The mixture of coal and polypropylene was heated by the volumetric heating generated by absorption of the microwaves and the conventional heating produced by the sparking of copper under microwave power in a domestic microwave oven. The heat generation capacity and range of sparking of copper were increased by the use of tightly coiled copper antenna. The heat generation efficiency of copper antenna was found to vary with variation in the shape of the copper antenna. Four types of antenna were used in the pyrolysis process, i.e. the antenna made of tightly coiled copper, copper mesh antenna, copper strips antenna and copper cylinder antenna. It was observed that copper coil and copper mesh antenna were more efficient and responsible for higher percent conversions while the multi‐strip antenna was next and the least percent conversion was observed for single strip cylinder of copper. The amount of products and the relative concentrations of the oil, wax and gases were observed to vary with variations in the relative amount of coal and polymers. Both the gaseous product and aqueous fraction were analysed for sulphides using lead acetate reagent. The gases were also analysed for the presence of alkynes and alkenes using aqueous solutions of copper‐I chloride and potassium permanganate respectively. The oily product which was composed of oil and wax was analysed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.