对甲苯磺酰肼为氮源制备氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂

以Ti（SO4）2为前驱物,尿素为沉淀剂,对甲苯磺酰肼为掺杂剂,采用水热沉淀法结合固相反应法制得了锐钛矿相掺氮纳米TiO2粉体。采用XRD对制备的掺氮氧化钛结构进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察了不同煅烧温度制备的光催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。结果表明,煅烧温度高于120℃时氮可掺进TiO2晶体中,且温度越高,掺氮量越高;煅烧温度为180℃时,氮掺杂TiO2粉体可见光催化活性最强,在波长不低于400nm的可见光作用下,对亚甲基蓝的4h降解率达48.5％。     

尿素为氮源制备氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂

以Ti(SO4)2为前驱物,尿素为沉淀剂和掺杂剂,采用水热法结合固相反应法制得了锐钛矿相掺氮纳米TiO2纳米粉体。采用XRD对制备的掺氮氧化钛结构进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察了不同煅烧温度制备的光催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。结果表明,煅烧温度高于160℃时氮可掺进TiO2晶体中,且温度越高,掺氮量越高;煅烧温度为200℃时,氮掺杂TiO2粉体可见光催化活性最强,在波长不低于400nm的可见光作用下,对亚甲基蓝的4h降解率达62.5%。     

硫铁共掺TiO_2水热合成及其光催化性能的研究

以TiCl4为钛源,FeCl3和硫脲为掺杂剂,分别在不同温度下水热反应2 h制备硫和铁共掺杂的纳米TiO2,采用XRD、可见分光光度计对样品进行表征,并以在可见光激发下纳米TiO2对甲基橙光催化降解体系评价其光催化活性。结果表明,水热温度在160℃以上时,硫铁的共掺杂能促使锐钛矿晶粒的形成。金红石TiO2与少量的锐钛矿TiO2混合能有效提高光催化性能,其中以水热温度为170℃的共掺样品的催化效果最好。     

硫铁共掺TiO2水热合成及其光催化性能的研究

以TiC14为钛源,FeCl3和硫脲为掺杂剂,分别在不同温度下水热反应2h制备硫和铁共掺杂的纳米TiO2,采用XRD、可见分光光度计对样品进行表征,并以在可见光激发下纳米TiO2对甲基橙光催化降解体系评价其光催化活性.结果表明,水热温度在160℃以上时,硫铁的共掺杂能促使锐钛矿晶粒的形成.金红石TiO2与少量的锐钛矿TiO2混合能有效提高光催化性能,其中以水热温度为170℃的共掺样品的催化效果最好.     

氮掺杂氧化钛纳米晶的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,与尿素混合制成含氮前驱体,于一定温度的空气气氛下煅烧2小时,制得掺氮TiO2光催化剂。用TEM和XRD等手段对制备的掺氮氧化钛进行了表征,并对其可见光照射下的光催化性能进行了测试。结果表明,400℃￣600℃煅烧温度下的样品为锐钛矿型,700℃煅烧温度下锐钛矿相开始向金红石相转变。掺杂氮是以化学键形式掺入TiO2晶格的,含量约为3%,并随煅烧温度的升高而略有降低,600℃煅烧温度下的样品可见光催化活性最强,在波长不低于400nm的可见光作用下,对亚甲基蓝的4小时降解率超过80%。     

掺铁二氧化钛纳米粉体的水热法制备与表征

以Ti(SO4)2为前驱物，尿素为沉淀剂，硝酸铁(Fe(NO)33)为掺杂剂，采用水热沉淀法制得了结晶度完好，平均粒径为十几个纳米的锐钛矿型掺铁TiO2纳米粉体。利用XRD、TEM、ED和IR等测试手段对粉体的晶相组成、晶粒形貌及晶粒度等性能进行了表征，探讨了水热合成温度、保温时间和体系的pH值等对水热反应的影响，同时还对掺杂粉体的光催化性能进行了研究。     

多种光源下氮掺杂TiO_2光催化降解染料废水的研究

以尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂纳米TiO2粉末,以甲基橙溶液为模拟染料废水,分别在可见光、模拟太阳光和紫外光条件下,研究了氮掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解染料废水的性能。结果表明:氮掺杂可以提高TiO2的可见光催化活性;氮含量和煅烧温度对氮掺杂TiO2光催化活性影响较大,n(N)∶n(Ti)为10%且经500℃煅烧的氮掺杂TiO2在可见光和模拟太阳光下均具有最佳的光催化活性;然而在紫外光下,氮掺杂TiO2的光催化活性低于未掺杂的TiO2样品。     

二氧化硫脲为硫源制备硫掺杂二氧化钛及其光催化活性

以钛酸四丁酯为TiO2的前驱物,二氧化硫脲为掺杂硫的源物质,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺硫改性的TiO2光催化剂。采用XRD对制备的掺硫二氧化钛结构进行了表征,探讨了溶胶-凝胶制备工艺、硫掺杂量及催化剂煅烧温度对该催化剂光催化活性的影响。结果表明,掺硫改性的TiO2经600℃煅烧后光催化活性有了明显提高,且硫的掺杂有一个最佳值,即二氧化硫脲的掺杂质量百分数为4%。经掺硫改性后的TiO2在可见光区具备更强的光催化活性,在波长不低于400nm的可见光作用下,对亚甲基蓝的4 h降解率最高可达89.5%。     

氮掺杂TiO_2水热法制备及其光催化活性的研究

以钛酸四丁酯、尿素、无水乙醇为原料,采用水热合成方法制备了掺氮和不掺氮的二氧化钛前驱体。以250W高压汞灯为光源,达旦黄水溶液为活性评价体系,设计正交表研究了N-TiO2光催化实验的最佳条件。研究了N-TiO2对不同拟污染物的降解能力,分析了可见光条件下N-TiO2和TiO2光催化活性。     

SnxZn(1-x)WO4光催化剂的水热合成及其可见光催化活性

采用水热合成法制备新型可见光催化剂Sn_xZn_(1-x)WO₄，以甲基橙染料废水为探针污染物，考察Zn²⁺与Sn²⁺物质的量比、水热温度和水热时间对Sn_xZn_(1-x)WO₄光催化剂的催化活性、表面形貌和比表面积的影响。结果表明，在Zn²⁺与Sn²⁺物质的量比为0.25、水热温度100 ℃和水热时间12 h条件下，合成的Sn_0.8Zn_0.2WO₄催化剂活性最好，光照30 min后，对甲基橙染料的脱色率达98.62%，较SnWO₄催化剂(合成条件为原始pH值，160 ℃水热反应24 h)提高46.66%。采用水热合成法制备的催化剂Sn_xZn_(1-x)WO₄具有良好的可见光活性。     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

The Influence of Glow and Afterglow Cold Plasma Treatment on Biochemistry,Morphology, and Physiology of Wheat Seeds

Cold plasma (CP) technology is a technique used to change chemical and morphological characteristics of the surface of various materials. It is a newly emerging technology in agriculture used for seed treatment with the potential of improving seed germination and yield of crops. Wheat seeds were treated with glow (direct) or afterglow (indirect) low-pressure radio-frequency oxygen plasma. Chemical characteristics of the seed surface were evaluated by XPS and FTIR analysis, changes in the morphology of the seed pericarp were analysed by SEM and AFM, and physiological characteristics of the seedlings were determined by germination tests, growth studies, and the evaluation of α-amylase activity. Changes in seed wettability were also studied, mainly in correlation with functionalization of the seed surface and oxidation of lipid molecules. Only prolonged direct CP treatment resulted in altered morphology of the seed pericarp and increased its roughness. The degree of functionalization is more evident in direct compared to indirect CP treatment. CP treatment slowed the germination of seedlings, decreased the activity of α-amylase in seeds after imbibition, and affected the root system of seedlings.     

正反向同时引发ATRP制备凹凸棒土/聚苯乙烯杂化粒子

通过脱醇法在凹凸棒土（ATP）表面接枝γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）实现氨基化（ATP-APTES）,再经酰胺化反应接枝α-溴代异丁酰溴,从而在ATP表面固载ATRP引发基团（ATP-Br）;最后以2,2-偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）和ATP-Br为双组分引发体系进行正反向同时引发原子转移自由基聚合（SR&NI ATRP）制备ATP接枝聚苯乙烯杂化粒子（ATP@PS）。结果表明AIBN结合ATP-Br引发体系进行SR&NI ATRP具有活性/可控聚合的特征,随催化剂用量增大,体系过早偏离一级动力学行为。聚合温度在80℃,投料比为单体/催化剂/AIBN/ATP-Br=200/0.3/0.05/0.5的条件下,接枝聚合物和游离聚合物分子量差异随转化率（c）增大逐渐增加,转化率为31.1%时,两者分子量分布（PDI）均保持在1.54以下,ATP-Br表面ATRP引发基团的引发效率为6.3%。杂化粒子在PS基体中分散得到明显改善。     

Effects of Two Distinct Psychoactive Microbes,Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus JB-1 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri 6475, on Circulating and Hippocampal mRNA in Male Mice

Discovery of the microbiota-gut–brain axis has led to proposed microbe-based therapeutic strategies in mental health, including the use of mood-altering bacterial species, termed psychobiotics. However, we still have limited understanding of the key signaling pathways engaged by specific organisms in modulating brain function, and evidence suggests that bacteria with broadly similar neuroactive and immunomodulatory actions can drive different behavioral outcomes. We sought to identify pathways distinguishing two psychoactive bacterial strains that seemingly engage similar gut–brain signaling pathways but have distinct effects on behaviour. We used RNAseq to identify mRNAs differentially expressed in the blood and hippocampus of mice following Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus JB-1, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri 6475 treatment and performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify enrichment in pathway activity. L. rhamnosus, but not L. reuteri treatment altered several pathways in the blood and hippocampus, and the rhamnosus could be clearly distinguished based on mRNA profile. In particular, L. rhamnosus treatment modulated the activity of interferon signaling, JAK/STAT, and TNF-alpha via NF-KB pathways. Our results highlight that psychobiotics can induce complex changes in host gene expression, andin understanding these changes, we may help fine-tune selection of psychobiotics for treating mood disorders.     

Effects of Three Different Doses of Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins on Severe Hypoxia–Ischemia-Related Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats

Hypoxia–ischemia (HI)-related brain injury is an important cause of morbidity and long-standing disability in newborns. We have previously shown that human plasma-derived inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (hIAIPs) attenuate HI-related brain injury in neonatal rats. The optimal dose of hIAIPs for their neuroprotective effects and improvement in behavioral outcomes remains to be determined. We examined the efficacy of 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg of hIAIPs administered to neonatal rats after exposure to HI for 2 h. Postnatal day 7 (P7) Wistar rats were exposed to either sham-surgery or unilateral HI (right carotid artery ligation, 2 h of 8% O₂) brain injury. A placebo, 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg of hIAIPs were injected intraperitoneally at 0, 24 and 48 h after HI (n = 9–10/sex). We carried out the following behavioral analyses: P8 (righting reflex), P9 (negative geotaxis) and P10 (open-field task). Rats were humanely killed on P10 and their brains were stained with cresyl violet. Male extension/contraction responses and female righting reflex times were higher in the HI placebo groups than the sham groups. Female open-field exploration was lower in the HI placebo group than the sham group. hIAIPs attenuated these behavioral deficits. However, the magnitude of the responses did not vary by hIAIP dose. hIAIPs reduced male brain infarct volumes in a manner that correlated with improved behavioral outcomes. Increasing the hIAIP dose from 30 to 90 mg/kg did not further accentuate the hIAIP-related decreases in infarct volumes. We conclude that larger doses of hIAIPs did not provide additional benefits over the 30 mg/kg dose for behavior tasks or reductions in infarct volumes in neonatal rats after exposure to severe HI.     

Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent or Delay Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the Knee Joint with a Focus on Sustained Delivery Approaches

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of knee PTOA after knee trauma. While a comprehensive therapy capable of preventing or delaying post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) progression after knee joint injury does not yet clinically exist, current literature suggests that certain aspects of early post-traumatic pathology of the knee joint may be prevented or delayed by anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions. We discuss multifaceted therapeutic approaches that may be capable of effectively reducing the continuous cycle of inflammation and concomitant processes that lead to cartilage degradation as well as those that can simultaneously promote intrinsic repair processes. Within this context, we focus on early disease prevention, the optimal timeframe of treatment and possible long-lasting sustained delivery local modes of treatments that could prevent knee joint-associated PTOA symptoms. Specifically, we identify anti-inflammatory candidates that are not only anti-inflammatory but also anti-degenerative, anti-apoptotic and pro-regenerative.     

小胶质细胞对阿尔兹海默病发生发展的影响作用

阿尔兹海默病(老年性痴呆,AD)是由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成的具有毒性作用的寡聚物而引起的老年人主要以记忆力下降和脑部形成老年斑、神经纤维缠绕为特征的神经退行性疾病. 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的固有免疫细胞,是脑内免疫监视的关键成分,发挥内源性免疫防御作用. 正常生理状态的小胶质细胞能有效吞噬和清除毒性Aβ寡聚体,阻止AD发生. 在AD病理过程中,过度激活的小胶质细胞通过补体依赖途径过度吞噬突触,导致突触丧失,同时大量释放炎症因子,促进Tau相关病理变化,对神经元造成直接损伤,导致认知功能下降. 由此可见,小胶质细胞在AD发生发展过程中起着双刃剑的作用,探明小胶质细胞的极化状态及其在AD疾病机理中的作用将为攻克AD的药物研发提供突破性思路.