钴铬铜复合离子掺杂黑色玻璃的制备及光吸收特性研究

以钠硼硅玻璃为基质,引入过渡金属离子为着色剂制备了单一离子着色玻璃和复合离子掺杂黑色玻璃,测定了各玻璃样品的透射光谱。结果表明,不同过渡金属离子对不同波段的太阳光产生吸收,钴铬铜复合离子掺杂黑色玻璃对到达地表的所有太阳光波段的吸收率可达到99%以上。     

一批中国汉墓出土钾玻璃的研究

本文对中国汉墓出土的各类玻璃珠、玻璃耳珰和玻璃杯等进行了研究。对14件样品进行了分析,其中有7件样品的SiO_2用湿化学法分析,SiO_2平均含量为74.85％。玻璃成分主要属于K_2O-SiO_2系统。大部分样品的K_2O含量在13.7％以上,这种玻璃成分与西方古代的钠钙玻璃迥然不同。玻璃的确切来源,尚不清楚。分析表明,玻璃的颜色系由Co、Mn、Fe和Cu等着色元素引起。此外对玻璃风化表面的组成变化进行了探讨。     

EXCEL平台设计彩釉着色剂配方与可见光谱

为探索彩釉的着色剂配方,主要分析了玻璃中着色剂着色方法.根据过渡金属离子的单色光吸收特征,选择着色离子种类,在EXCEL平台初步设计着色离子配方,按此制造玻璃的可见光谱与要求一致的基本方法,再根据生产工艺条件对配方进行调整.     

金属离子掺杂对TiO_2:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)上转换材料发光性能的调控研究

稀土文章采用水热法合成掺杂不同金属离子的Ti O2:Yb3+/Er3+上转换发光材料。系统的探讨了不同的金属离子对Ti O2:Yb3+/Er3+发光材料发光性能、形貌以及晶型的影响。具体到通过荧光光谱数据分析离子价态、离子半径等对红、绿光性能的影响;通过SEM数据分析掺杂不同金属离子对应样品形貌的变化;通过XRD数据分析掺杂不同金属离子对应样品的晶型的变化。结果表明离子价态以及离子半径都会改变Ti O2:Yb3+/Er3+材料的发光性能,但与Ti O2:Yb3+/Er3+材料发光性能之间不存在线性关系;掺杂不同金属离子不会改变样品的形貌;掺杂不同金属离子得到了纯相的Ti O2:Yb3+/Er3+样品,且不改变样品的晶型。     

金属离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能的影响研究

锐钛矿型的TiO2具有光催化性能,在其制备过程中掺入杂质离子是改善其光催化性能的重要方法.采用不同的掺杂将会不同程度的改善其光催化活性.阐述了碱金属离子、过渡金属离子、贵金属离子、稀土离子等金属离子掺杂纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响.     

凝胶法制取掺杂SiO_2玻璃的光吸收

以凝胶法低温制取了由钒到铜七种过渡金属离子均匀掺杂的SiO_2玻璃。根据每种离子在玻璃中的光吸收及玻璃的颜色推断出其在玻璃中所处的配位及离子存在的价态,同时与用其它方法制取的进行了比较,对影响玻璃光吸收的一些因素进行了探讨。也确定了为得到透明玻璃态物质各种离子的最大允许掺杂浓度。     

金属硼酸盐的化学合成、应用及展望

金属硼酸盐具有独特的结构,在光学、分子筛、催化剂和磁性方面有着广泛的应用.金属硼酸盐主要包含稀土金属硼酸盐、碱土金属硼酸盐、稀土和碱土金属复合硼酸盐、二元金属稀土硼酸盐及多硼酸盐.激活离子主要为稀土离子和过渡金属离子,包括稀土离子单掺杂、过渡金属离子单掺杂、稀土离子双掺杂、稀土离子和过渡金属离子的双掺杂等.主要对稀土金...     

过渡金属离子对Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)电解质离子导电性的影响

本文研究了掺杂过渡金属离子(Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、V~(5+)、Mn~(2+))对Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)(SDC)材料离子导电性的影响。用电化学阻抗谱、SEM、XEDS等检测手段对样品的离子导电性、显微结构和微区元素进行了检测分析,并对影响机理进行了探讨。结果表明:掺杂过渡金属离子对SDC电解质材料的离子电导率有不同程度的影响,且主要是对晶界离子电导率产生较为显著的影响。Ni、Cu对SDC晶界离子电导率的提高相对较为显著,从而导致其对宏观离子电导率的提高也较为显著;其它过渡金属离子和铝离子对SDC电解质晶界离子电导率提高作用相对较小,故而对其宏观离子电导率的提高作用也较小。     

掺杂过渡金属离子的纳米TiO_2光催化降解制革废水

以石英砂为载体,液相沉积水解法制备的纳米TiO2膜为光催化剂,通过掺杂过渡金属离子对膜进行改性。在高压紫外灯光、低压紫外灯光和自然光照射条件下,分别对制革废水进行处理。以CODCr为评价指标,分析了不同光照条件对TiO2膜光催化性能的影响。结果表明,在高压紫外灯光照15 min后,Hg/TiO2膜光降解率最高,CODCr去除率为50.23%。通过探讨各种掺杂离子对膜的改性规律发现,改性效果与过渡金属离子电荷和半径的比值有关。对于同周期的元素,第二过渡周期的掺杂效果好于第一、第三过渡周期,但掺杂规律不像第一、第三过渡周期那样明显,随原子半径的减小而增大。对于同一族的元素,离子的掺杂作用基本上随着原子半径的增大而增大。     

Na2O-Gd2O3-P2O5闪烁玻璃的辐照损伤及热漂白性能

讨论了掺稀土离子铈(Ce3+)和铽(Tb3+)的Na2O-Gd2O3-P2O5系统闪烁玻璃的辐照损伤特性及热处理效应.对不同组成及不同掺杂浓度的玻璃样品进行了不同剂量的60Co辐照处理.采用紫外和可见透射光谱及根据实测结果计算的辐照诱导吸收系数比较了辐照前后玻璃样品的光学透过性能.掺Ce3+玻璃样品显示出优良的抗辐照特性,其原因在于可变价的铈离子具有吸收由电离产生的自由电子和/或空穴的能力.该系统玻璃试样具有良好的热漂白特性,经250℃、3小时退火处理即可完全消除由辐照产生的色心.     

一批中国古玻璃化学成分的质子激发X射线荧光分析

质子激发X射线荧光(proton induced X-ray emission,PIXE)技术是一种高灵敏度、非破坏性、多元素定量测定的分析方法。采用外束PIXE技术对内蒙古地区和博山出土的一批古代玻璃的化学成分进行了定量测定。结果表明：内蒙古地区出土的玻璃中,西周时期的玻璃珠是含有少量K2O和CaO助熔剂的釉砂,其主要成分为SiO2;汉代的玻璃珠属于PbO—SiO2玻璃;多数元代的玻璃制品和部分北魏时期的玻璃珠属于K2O—CaO—SiO2玻璃。博山出土的元末明初的玻璃基本为KzO-CaO—SiO2系玻璃,并采用了Cu,Fe等微量元素作为着色剂。结合实验结果,对相关问题进行了讨论。     

Influence of oxidation-Reduction conditions of synthesis on oxidation states of Cr, Mo, and Co Ions in high-silica glasses

Investigations of porous high-silica glasses treated by aqueous solutions of Cr, Mo, and Co salts and subjected to thermal treatment in air and vacuum have been carried out. The results have been analyzed using EPR spectra and electron absorption spectra. The influence of the oxidation-reduction conditions of synthesis of high-silica glasses on the oxidation states of ions introduced into the glass has been demonstrated. It has been shown that chromium ions are strongly affected by the ambient environment and that their introduction into the glass structure is accompanied by a change in the oxidation state; this effect is less pronounced for molybdenum, and cobalt ions are most stable.     

Effect of coloring impurities on the absorption in neodymium phosphate laser glass at a lasing wavelength

This paper reports on the results of the investigation of KGSS 0180/35 neodymium phosphate glasses produced on an industrial scale under oxidizing conditions and glasses prepared under experimental conditions in which iron and copper in small amounts rather than neodymium are introduced into the glass composition. The experimental glasses are synthesized by varying the redox conditions of melting. The oxidation states of transition metal impurities (Cu, Fe, V, Ni, Co) and the nonactive absorption coefficients of glasses at the lasing wavelength are determined. It is revealed that the main contribution to the nonactive absorption coefficient of the KGSS 0180/35 glass produced on an industrial scale is made by Cu²⁺ ions at a concentration higher than 0.5 ppm. At a lower copper concentrations, the total contribution of Fe²⁺, V⁴⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ impurity ions to the nonactive absorption coefficient is comparable to that of Cu²⁺ ions. It is demonstrated that a decrease in the concentration of coloring impurities in glasses and the optimization of redox conditions of melting make it possible to prepare phosphate laser glasses with a nonactive absorption coefficient of the order of 0.001 cm^?1. In terms of the nonactive absorption coefficient, these glasses are on a par with similar glasses of foreign manufacture and satisfy the requirements imposed on glasses by developers of high-power high-energy laser facilities.     

COMPARISON OF EFFECT OF TiO2 AND PbO ON LIGHT ABSORPTION OF SOME COLORED GLASSES *

Series of glasses have been melted with TiO₂ or PbO as major constituents. To each member of the series, equal amounts of one of the following coloring ions have been added: Fe, Cu, U, Ce, and Mn. Complete spectrophotometric curves in the visible region have been obtained for the glasses. The color imparted by the ions to the glass is correlated with the position of the ion taken in the glass structure and conclusions are drawn showing that TiO₂ and PbO additions to glasses make it easier for the coloring ions to take part in the glass network.     

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Optical and EPR Absorption Spectra of Phosphate and Fluoride Glasses Containing Lead

The induced optical and EPR absorption spectra of phosphate and fluoride glasses containing lead are investigated. It is revealed that exposure to gamma radiation leads to the formation of radiation-induced defects responsible for the induced absorption band with a maximum at 12500–13500 cm⁻¹ and the EPR signal in the form of an almost symmetric line with a g factor of 1.999 and a linewidth of ≈26 Oe. Analysis of the intensities of the absorption bands and the EPR signals in the spectra of glasses with low terbium, tin, and carbon contents and the study of their thermal bleaching demonstrate that the color centers are electron traps, whereas the paramagnetic centers are hole-trapping centers. Examination of the change in the parameters of the absorption bands in the spectra of glasses with different R ₂O contents (R = Na, K, Rb, Cs) makes it possible to determine the location of the color centers associated with the Pb⁺ ions in the structure. It is established that the glasses under investigation are characterized by the nonlinear absorption of radiation at a wavelength of 1.06 μm. The mechanism of formation of radiation-induced defects is considered. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Fizika i Khimiya Stekla, Bocharova, Karapetyan.     

Optical and EPR Studies of Redox Interactions of Polyvalent Ions (Cr, Cu) in Glass

Chromium centers in isolated Cr ions and Cr(III)-Cu(II) redox interactions were investigated by optical and EPR spectra. Line shapes and intensities of high-field Cr(III)-Cu(II) superimposed EPR absorption lines were sensitive to alkali content of host glasses. High-field chromium g values (1.94 to 1.99) and intensities (190 to 3600) were calculated. The increase in g values from 1.96 to 1.98 is related to an increase in Cr(V) and to a conversion from Cu(I) to Cu(II) with increased alkali content. Two components of Cr powder spectra near g = 2.0 and g = 5.0 correspond to isolated octahedral Cr centers described by Landry et al. Cr-Cr pair structure was not observed for low Cr₂O₃ concentrations. Three components of optical absorption bands near 340 nm, 430 to 460 nm, and 600 nm were measured in Cr(III)-Cu(II) redox systems. Electronic interactions of Cr(III)-Cu(II) redox systems and the structure of Cr centers are discussed.     

Local environment of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions in fluorophosphate glasses of the Ba(PO3)2-MgCaSrBaAl2F14 system

The induced optical absorption and EPR absorption spectra of fluorophosphate glasses of the compositions 40Ba(PO₃)₂ · 60MgCaSrBaAl₂F₁₄ and 5Ba(PO₃)₂ · 95MgCaSrBaAl₂F₁₄ doped with Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions are investigated within the model of the effective capture volume of free carriers. The concentration dependences of the relative number of radiation centers on the dopant concentration in fluorophosphate glasses are analyzed. It is established that the character of the distribution of dopant ions in glasses depends on the dopant concentration and the structure of the glass. The critical concentrations at which the oxygen local environment of Eu³⁺ or Tb³⁺ ions in the structure of fluorophosphate glasses transforms into a mixed local environment are determined for glasses of the compositions under investigation.     

Studies on Nonmetals During Irradiation: V, Growth and Decay of Color Centers in Barium Aluminoborate Glasses Containing Cerium

The radiation-induced absorption of a group of barium aluminoborate glasses was studied in a new facility for measuring optical absorption during irradiation with γ-rays. The results demonstrate that this technique provides significant new information on the kinetics of the radiation-induced coloring of glasses and suggest that most previous measurements are, at best, suspect. Barium aluminoborate glasses, both with and without Ce, were prepared under normal and reducing conditions. The coloring during irradiation and the decay after irradiation can be characterized by the absorption at 3.0 e V and at 2.25 or 1.90 e V. The Ce-free base glass continued to color as long as irradiated and, at a given dose, the absorption was at least 2 or 3 times that of the other glasses. The totally reduced 1% Ce glass colored to a constant level in the uv, but in the visible the coloring increased to a maximum and then decreased to a constant value. The partially reduced 1% Ce glass also colored to a constant value in the uv, but in the visible the original absorption decreased slightly. All the coloring curves recorded during irradiation are described accurately by expressions that include one or more increasing saturating exponential terms and may contain one linear or one decreasing saturating exponential term. After irradiation the coloring curves decrease and can be resolved accurately into one or more decreasing exponential components. Futhermore, all the observed coloring-curve features were derived from relatively simple kinetics.     

Near white light emission of Ce3+‐, Ho3+‐, and Sm3+‐doped oxyfluoride silicate glasses

The Ce³⁺‐, Ho³⁺‐, and Sm³⁺‐ single and co‐doped oxyfluoride silicate glasses for light emitting diodes are studied. These glasses were prepared by melt quenching method and their optical and structural properties were investigated by absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra, Commission International de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. It is found that the introduction of Al₂O₃ in glass composition can improve the emissions of Ho³⁺ and Sm³⁺. While the presence of B₂O₃ has the adverse effect and can suppress the emissions of Ho³⁺ and Sm³⁺. With substituting Na₂O for CaO in the glass compositions, CaF₂ crystals can be formed during the melt quenching process. We find the formation of CaF₂ crystals can change the emission behavior of Ho³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions. White light emissions can be achieved in the glasses and the luminescence colors can be tuned by varying the concentrations of the doped rare‐earth ions and the composition of glass matrix. The Ce³⁺‐, Ho³⁺‐, and Sm³⁺‐doped oxyfluoride silicate glasses presented here demonstrate promising applications in the fields of light emitting diodes.     

Effect of Iron Slag on the Corrosion Resistance of Soda Lime Silicate Glass

Soda lime silicate glasses containing different amounts of iron slag 0–30 % were prepared. The chemical durability of the prepared glasses was examined by immersion in HCl or HNO₃ solutions at room temperature. The results show that the glass durability increases with increasing the amount of slag in the glass composition to a certain amount, then followed by a decrease in the glass durability. Various mechanisms of corrosion and the role of the mobility of cations and their leaching into solution, also the effect of time of leaching are discussed. The densities of all glass compositions were measured. The quantitative analysis obtained from infrared absorption spectra in the range of (400–4000) cm^?1 in relation to the effect of corrosion on the absorption spectra has been studied in terms of structural concepts. The topography of the glass surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The concentration percentage of the ions present on the glass surface was determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).