漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱法测定苏联纤维的主体结构

自红外光增产生以来,就被广泛地应用于高聚物材料的鉴定中,并取得了极大的成效.近年来,傅立叶变换红外光谱的广泛应用,以及各种反射附件的应用,使得高聚物材料的分析鉴定工作更加快速和全面.目前,纤维鉴定多采用显微镜及红外光谱法进行定性鉴定.用红外光谱法检验纤维的制样方法有两种:(1)破坏纤维外形的制样方法,如KBr压片、溶液铸膜、糊剂是浮、热压铸膜.冷压膜、热解和水解;(2)保留纤维外形的制样方法,如用各种反射元件及IR-PAS方法进行测定.其中第一种方法制样复杂费时,而第二种方法简单、快速、方便.     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法在纤维分析中的应用

本文综述了傅立叶变换红外光谱法在纤维分析中的应用与进展。内容涉及衰减全反射和漫反射傅立叶变换红外光谱法,傅立叶变换红外光声光谱法、显微傅立叶变换红外光谱法,傅立叶变换红外光谱仪与各种仪器的联用,以及计算机技术的应用与发展。     

J-116结构胶粘剂与QY8911树脂匹配性研究

本文利用漫反射傅立叶交换红外光谱法、扫描电镜法和溶度参数法研究了J－116结构胶粘剂和QY8911树脂之间的相容性．     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法在高聚物研究中的应用

本文介绍了红外光谱的相关知识、测定原理,以及采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对几种高聚物进行结构剖析的实例。结果表明,用红外光谱法可以准确地剖析出高聚物的组成,该方法分析速度快,重现性好,结果令人满意。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法测定食品中反式脂肪酸

建立了一种食品中反式脂肪酸含量的测定方法,以酸水解法提取食品中脂肪酸,用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对反式脂肪酸含量进行了快速测定,回收率达到89.26%~106.51%,相对标准偏差2.29%,结果重复性好,准确可靠。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法研究马来酸酐与聚乙二醇酯化反应

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法跟踪监测马来酸酐与聚乙二醇的酯化反应,根据酯化产物在不同反应时间上的特征红外吸收峰面积的变化半定量的作出酯化反应动力学曲线,并考察了催化剂、反应温度等对酯化反应动力学曲线的影响,找出获得单酯产物的最佳反应条件。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法在橡胶分析中的应用与进展

简介了用橡胶分析的傅立叶变换红外光谱透射法，漫反射ＦＴＩＲ法，衰全反射ＦＴＩＲ法，ＦＴＩＲ－光声光谱法，ＦＴＩＲ仪与各种仪器的联用，以及计算机技术在ＦＴＩＲ分析中的应用与进展。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法快速测定乙丙共聚物中的乙烯含量

研究了用傅立叶变换红外光谱法测定乙丙共聚物中乙烯含量的方法。建立了傅立叶红外光谱法快速测定乙丙共聚物中乙烯含量的标准工作曲线,对其准确性和精密度进行了评价。结果表明,测定样品的最大相对误差为2.82%,重复测定同一样片的相对标准偏差为0.48%,方法的准确性和精密度良好。该方法适用于乙烯质量分数为0%~33%的乙丙无规共聚物和嵌段共聚物的测定,并且已在生产中得到很好的应用。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法测定铝阳极氧化膜厚度

利用反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱法对铝阳极氧化膜厚度进行了无损测定。结果表明:常温环境下,以金镜为本底,用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪扫描铝阳极氧化膜的反射光谱,由于入射到膜的内外层表面的反射光达到一定相位差时会引起干涉,通过反射光谱的干涉条纹,利用公式计算出氧化膜的厚度。该方法操作简便,测定速度快,应用于实际样品的无损测定,结果满意。     

用傅立叶变换红外光谱漫反射法测药物中头孢氨苄的含量

利用红外漫反射技术，直接测定固体药品头孢氨苄的含量，并绘制出标准曲线。与经典测定方法比较，本方法相对误差小于4％，(经典法偏差大于12％)且此方法快捷、方便、准确、无污染。     

傅里叶变换红外光声光谱在火炸药研究领域中的应用

阐述了傅里叶变换红外光声光谱（FTIR－PAS）的基本原理，测试条件及其在火炸药研究领域中的应用，证实了该技术在含能材料分析和研究中的实用价值。     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速鉴别药用辅料

本文建立了采用近红外光谱法对41种常用药用辅料进行快速、准确、无损鉴别的方法,每个品种6批次样品共得246张光谱,215张用于建立模型,41张用于验证模型。在3966~10414cm-1的范围内,使用二阶导数9点平滑光谱预处理方法,结合第一范围标定法建立的“总库1”定性分析模型可准确鉴定30种辅料,其余5大类11种辅料被直接转入“子库2-6”进一步鉴定,直至完全分离。结果表明,对验证集样品鉴别准确度达100%。对比于操作繁琐、费时的传统检测方法,该方法快速、准确,适用于制药企业在原料进厂时逐桶定性鉴别和车间投料的过程控制。     

红外光谱技术的进展及其应用

对漫反射、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱和差谱等技术及其应用进行了简单介绍     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速鉴别药用辅料

该文建立了采用近红外光谱法对41种常用药用辅料进行快速、准确、无损鉴别的方法,每个品种6批次样品共得246张光谱,215张用于建立模型,41张用于验证模型。在3 966¹0 414 cm-1内,使用二阶导数9点平滑光谱预处理方法,结合第一范围标定法建立的"总库1"定性分析模型可准确鉴定30种辅料,其余5大类11种辅料被直接转入"子库2-6"进一步鉴定,直至完全分离。结果表明,对验证集样品鉴别准确度达100%。对比于操作繁琐、费时的传统检测方法,该方法快速、准确,适用于制药企业在原料进厂时逐桶定性鉴别和车间投料的过程控制。     

Analysis of Solid Wood Surfaces by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (Drift) Spectroscopy

Comparison of infrared spectra of wood taken by several methods indicated that the DRIFT spectrum of a dispersion of wood powder in KBr, expressed in Kubelka-Munk units, agreed best with the spectrum taken by transmission FTIR of solid wood sections; the DRIFT spectrum of solid wood, expressed in Kubelka-Munk units, was a close second, while the solid-wood DRIFT spectrum expressed in absorbance units differed most. The DRIFT spectrum of solid wood depended to a minor extent on the grain orientation and choice of late- vs early-wood. The spectrum depended strongly, however, on surface roughness with rougher surfaces producing more transmission-like spectra. Depth of penetration at 2242 cm-¹ (90% loss in intensity of CN peak of polyacrylonitrile placed under wood sections) varied between 37 and 138 μm with an inverse linear relationship to wood density. DRIFT spectral analysis of chemically treated wood surfaces indicated an increase in carbonyl functional groups after chlorine or nitrogen dioxide treatment, followed by water extraction, and disappearance of aromatic nuclei after chlorine treatment. The DRIFT spectrum of heat-treated wood suggested formation of furan aromatic structures, while that of wood treated with oxygen radiofrequency plasma showed no discernible changes. The last result was most likely due to wood ablation predominantly by physical sputtering rather then chemical oxidation, coupled with the shallowness of plasma-induced effects compared with the depth of infrared light penetration.     

Methyl Orange Paired Microextraction and Diffuse Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Monitoring for Improved Signal Strength of Total Mixed Cationic Surfactants

We report a novel methyl orange paired microextraction (MOP‐ME) and diffuse reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (DRS‐FTIR) spectral monitoring for improved signal strength of total mixed cationic surfactants (CS⁺) for its quantification in real water samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that describes the rapid quantitative determination of total mixed CS⁺ using MOP‐ME/DRS‐FTIR. The method is based on separation and preconcentration of CS⁺ using chloroform as the extracting solvent by the formation of ion‐pair complex with anionic methyl orange (MO^?) followed by DRS‐FTIR analysis. The intense vibration peak obtained at 2919 cm^?1 in the FTIR spectra was used for the optimization of all analytical parameters and for the determination of mixed CS⁺. The best extraction efficiency of CS⁺ from the aqueous solution was obtained at pH 4.0 when extracted for 3 min in chloroform at a stirring rate of 250 rpm. The linearity range obtained for the determination of total mixed CS⁺ in water sample was 0.150–300 μg L^?1 with the limit of detection and limit of quantification as 0.05 and 0.150 μg L^?1, respectively. The good recovery percentage (97.1–109.5%) from wastewater showed that the method is very selective for the determination of total CS⁺ in complex sample matrices. The advantages of the MOP‐ME/DRS‐FTIR method are its simplicity, selectivity, and sensitivity toward the analysis of total mixed CS⁺ in wastewater samples.     

粘合剂溶度参数测定初探

本文应用浓度参数的测定，对Ｊ－３０改胶粘剂和双马树脂（ＥＭＩ）胶粘剂的匹配性进行了探讨．     

Isomer Identification of Monohydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites by Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The foundation for a systematic approach utilizing spectral/structural correlations was established for unambiguous identification of monohydroxylated polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolite (PAHm) isomers. Using elements of a theoretical/empirical valence-bond model developed earlier in our laboratory for isomer identification of chlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin isomers, both gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) spectroscopy were employed for PAHm isomer identification. Results indicate that PAHm isomers also can be systematically identified by these techniques. However, many of the parameters leading to the success of the dioxin analysis (high symmetry of the parent dioxin molecule and laterally stabilized delocalization from chlorine substituents through ether linkage oxonium ions) are not generally present in the PAHm ring systems under investigation. The observed infrared parameters in PAH metabolites are C--O stretch, O--H stretching and bending vibrations, along with C=C skeletal stretching vibrations. In addition, 13 C NMR parameters such as chemical shift perturbations for carbons adjacent to functional groups have been observed.     

多组分钼铋催化剂上丙烯氨氧化反应的原位漫反射红外光谱研究

在原位条件下利用漫反射红外技术对丙烯选择氨氧化反应进行了研究.结果表明:(1)丙烯氨氧化反应的速率控制步骤是丙烯脱除α-H生成烯丙基中间物种,其吸收峰在1487 cm-1;(2)催化剂表面上氨中间物种存在四种结合方式:(i)氨解离形成NH2中间物种(1553 cm-1);(ii)Bronsted酸性位上形成NH4 中间物种(1659 cm-1和1443 cm-1);(iii)Lewis酸性位上形成配位氨中间物种(1257 cm-1),它是由丙烯醛生成丙烯腈所需的氨物种;(iv)通过估算法初步确认催化剂表面上存在Mo=NH中间物种(1029 cm-1),它是由丙烯直接生成丙烯腈所需的氨物种;(3)丙烯腈生成路线有两条:一是丙烯在钼亚氨物种作用下直接生成丙烯腈,反应机理模型为Grasselli模型;二是丙烯选择氧化生成的中间产物丙烯醛在配位氨物种作用下通过加成反应生成丙烯腈.以上结果不仅完善了丙烯氨氧化反应机理,而且对丙烯醛在反应过程中作用的认识更进了一步.     

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of Commercial AlN Powders in Vacuum up to 700°C

AlN powders produced via three major industrial processes, i.e., chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from triethyl aluminum, carbothermal reduction and nitridation of alumina, and direct nitridation of aluminum, are analyzed by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with in situ heating in vacuum up to 700°C. Powders from the CVD and direct nitridation processes showed OHs over tetrahedrally coordinated Al ions (Al^IV) above 250°C, indicating a boehmite (AlOOH)-like surface oxide structure on the surfaces of original powders, while the powder from the carbothermal process did not present an apparent Al^IV–OH band, implying a θ-Al₂O₃-like surface oxide structure. The bands at 2245 and 2120 cm⁻¹ appearing above 200°C, which were not identified previously, might be assigned to cyanato and cyano groups, respectively.