稻壳炭脱硅制活性炭及吸附性能研究

研究稻壳炭脱硅工艺,探究氯化锌法和磷酸法活化脱硅稻壳炭工艺。结果表明,通过热碱溶解回流有很好的脱硅效果。磷酸活化法制备稻壳活性炭相对氯化锌活化法而言,得率较高,在浸渍比为2∶1,浓硫酸添加量为1%,预处理温度240℃,预处理时间1 h,活化温度500℃的实验条件下制得的活性炭,亚甲基蓝吸附值66 mg/g,碘吸附值679 mg/g。实验表明该工艺制得的活性炭不仅吸附性能较好且产量高,在工业应用上具有很好的经济价值。     

活性炭对恩诺沙星吸附的热力学与动力学研究

从热力学和动力学角度,研究了活性炭对水溶液中恩诺沙星的吸附行为。热力学研究表明：活性炭对恩诺沙星的吸附符合Freundlieh等温吸附方程。测得△H=-16．02kJ·mol^-1,说明活性炭对恩诺沙星的吸附过程为放热过程,且IAHI〈20kJ·mol^-1,表明吸附过程为物理吸附。同时测得吉布斯自由能AG〈0,受温度影响不大,表明吸附质从溶液到吸附剂表面的吸附过程是自发过程。动力学研究表明：活性炭对恩诺沙星的吸附更好地符合伪二级动力学描述,测得其表观活化能眈为105．72kJ·mol^-1。     

活性炭对头孢氨苄吸附的热力学与动力学研究

从热力学和动力学角度研究了活性炭对水溶液中头孢氨苄的吸附行为。热力学研究表明:活性炭对头孢氨苄的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,ΔH25.24 kJ.mol-1,且40 kJ.mol-1,说明该吸附是一个物理吸附且过程中吸热。同时测得吉布斯自由能ΔG0,受温度影响不大,表明吸附质从溶液到吸附剂表面的吸附过程是自发过程。动力学研究表明:该吸附过程比较符合伪二级动力学描述,其表观活化能Ea为21.75 kJ.mol-1。     

活性炭对呋喃西林吸附的热力学与动力学研究

文章从热力学和动力学角度,研究了活性炭对水溶液中呋喃西林的吸附行为。热力学研究表明:活性炭对呋喃西林的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。ΔH=-8.76kJ?moL-1,且|ΔH|40kJ?moL-1,说明该吸附为放热过程且为物理吸附。同时测得吉布斯自由能ΔG0,受温度影响不大,表明吸附质从溶液到吸附剂表面的吸附过程是自发过程。动力学研究表明:活性炭对呋喃西林的吸附更好地符合伪二级动力学描述,测得其表观活化能Ea为9.68kJ?moL-1。     

活性炭对电镀废水中Cr~(6+)的吸附——活性炭选择吸附的热力学和动力学方法

通过活性炭对电镀废水中Cr~(6+)的间歇法和流动法吸附实验研究,获得了吸附平衡时间、最佳pH 值,测得了吸附等温线和穿透曲线,并以吸附动力学角度测定了吸附速度和扩散系数。采用吸附初期的吸附速度和扩散系数等动力学参数来判断和比较活性炭吸附性能优劣是一种好方法。它既与测量吸附等温线所得结果一致,并且又和孔结构分布相联系。     

活性炭吸附ADN过程的动力学与热力学

通过不同温度下的静态吸附实验,研究了活性炭吸附ADN的动力学和热力学特征。以吸附量和解吸率为指标对3种活性炭(AC、BC、CC)进行对比研究,利用准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型考察了ADN的吸附动力学,并利用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型描述吸附热力学行为。结果表明,活性炭AC是分离ADN的理想吸附剂,3种活性炭吸附ADN的动力学曲线更符合准二级动力学模型;Freundlich模型描述活性炭AC对ADN的吸附规律更为合适,该吸附△G0,△S0,吸附过程可自发进行;不同吸附量下的△H0,吸附为吸热过程。     

活性炭对盐酸左氧氟沙星吸附的热力学与动力学研究

从热力学和动力学角度,研究了活性炭对水溶液中盐酸左氧氟沙星的吸附行为。热力学研究表明活性炭对盐酸左氧氟沙星的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。测得ΔH=-33．43kJ·mol^-1,说明这是一个放热过程,且（ΔH）〈40kJ·mol^-1,表明吸附过程为物理吸附。两时测得吉布斯自由能ΔG〈0,受温度影响不大,表明吸附质从溶液到吸附剂表面的吸附过程是自发性的。动力学研究表明活性炭对鼓酸左氧氟沙星的吸附更好地符合伪二级动力学描述,表观活化能Ea=40．65kJ·mol^-1。     

对二甲苯在活性炭固定床上的吸附动力学

研究了对二甲苯在活性炭固定床上的吸附动力学。考察了初始浓度、气体流量、床层长度等因素对吸附透过曲线的影响。同时,采用Yoon—Nelson模型对吸附透过曲线进行线性回归分析。实验结果表明,随着初始浓度的增大,透过时间缩短,吸附量增大：气体流最对透过曲线的形状影响不大：床层长度基本不影响透过曲线;Yoon-Nelson模型可以较好的模拟固定床吸附过程。     

直接合成法制备载银稻壳活性炭及其对苯并噻吩的吸附

分别采用直接合成法和浸渍法制备了载银稻壳活性炭脱硫吸附剂,通过N2吸附-脱附、TEM及XRD测试手段对其进行表征,通过静态吸附实验研究了载银稻壳活性炭对苯并噻吩的吸附性能。结果表明,直接合成法在活化稻壳制得活性炭的同时将银颗粒均匀地负载在活性炭的表面;与浸渍法相比,直接合成法上的活性组分分散更均匀,粒径更小,且NO3-在稻壳活化过程中也起到了增加活性炭比表面积、孔体积和孔径的作用。通过对比实验证明了直接合成法制备的载银活性炭对模拟汽油中的苯并噻吩具有较高的吸附容量,30℃时,模拟汽油中的硫含量为542.6 ppm,吸附剂的硫吸附容量达到了15.58 mg/g。     

Lipid adsorption capacities of magnesium silicate and activated carbon prepared from the same rice hull

This study is a comparison of the lipid adsorption capacities of synthetic magnesium silicate and activated carbon produced from rice hulls of the same origin. The lipids examined were the free fatty acids, diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols of frying oils. Pure oleic acid, an unused sunflower frying oil and a used sunflower frying oil were used in the experiments. The produced adsorbents, magnesium silicate and activated carbon, have surface areas of 680 and 43 m²/g, respectively. The lipid adsorption capacity of the produced magnesium silicate was found as 644 mg polar compounds/g adsorbent and it is higher than the capacities of the industrial adsorbents, Magnesol XL and activated carbon. This value is only 368 mg polar compounds/g adsorbent for the activated carbon produced from the same‐origin rice hull.     

Study of adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for Methylene Blue adsorption on activated carbon developed from Egyptian rice hull (Part II)

Adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from Egyptian rice hulls (ERHA) is studied experimentally. Results obtained indicate that the removal efficiency of Methylene Blue at 25 °C exceeds 99% and that the adsorption process is highly pH-dependent. Results showed that the optimum pH lies between 5 and 9. The amount of Methylene Blue adsorbed form aqueous solution increases with the increase of the initial Methylene Blue concentration and temperature. Smaller adsorbent particle adds to increase the percentage removal of Methylene Blue.The results fit the BET model for adsorption of MB on ERHA, corroborating the assumption of that the adsorbate molecules could be adsorbed in more than one layer thick on the surface of the adsorbent.A comparison of kinetic models at different conditions (pH, Temperature, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration) applied to the adsorption of Methylene Blue on the adsorbent was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, the pseudo second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models, respectively. Results showed that the pseudo second-order kinetic model correlate the experimental data well.     

Kinetic modeling of pentachlorophenol adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbon fibers

The adsorption equilibrium data of pentachlorophenol (PCP) onto activated carbon fiber (ACF) in felt form were obtained in a batch adsorber at T = 25 °C and pH 12 and the Langmuir isotherm fitted reasonably well with the experimental data. The rate of adsorption of PCP on ACF was investigated in this work and the experimental concentration decay data were obtained in a differential column batch adsorber. The overall rate of adsorption of PCP was interpreted by a diffusional model that takes into account the external mass transport and intrafiber diffusion. The experimental concentration decay can be described quite well with the diffusional model if the overall rate of adsorption is mainly controlled by intrafiber diffusion and the external mass transport is not important to the overall rate of adsorption. Moreover, intrafiber diffusion was significantly affected by restricted diffusion since the molecular diameter of the PCP was closed to 55% of the average pore diameter. The effect of restricted diffusion was estimated using correlations reported in the literature. The molecules of PCP adsorbed on the surface of the pore also hindered the diffusion of PCP molecules inside the pores.     

稻壳污泥活性炭的制备及其吸附性能测试

本文以稻壳污泥炭为原料,经过酸洗、除硅、活化、煅烧等一系列工艺制备了活性炭,利用亚甲基蓝溶液进行了活性炭吸附性测试,考察了工艺条件对活性炭吸附性能的影响。研究结果表明,在422℃条件下,不经ZnCl₂溶液活化,煅烧3h制成的活性炭吸附值最高,为16.5mg·g^-1。利用XRD、BET、TG、SEM等表征手段对原料炭或活性炭进行了分析,结果表明,制备的活性炭属于介孔炭,其比表面积为26.05m²·g^-1,优于部分其他生物质活性炭。     

Hydrogen adsorption characteristics of activated carbon

Hydrogen adsorption on activated carbons was investigated in the present works up to 100 bars at 298 K. Coconut-shell was activated by potassium hydroxide, resulting in activated carbons with different porosities. All of prepared activated carbons are microporous and show the same adsorption properties. The complete reversibility and fast kinetics of hydrogen adsorption show that most of adsorbed quantity is due to physical adsorption. A linear relationship between hydrogen adsorption capacity and pressure is obtained for the all samples regardless of their porosities. Hydrogen adsorption capacities are linear function of porosities such as specific surface area, micropore surface area, total pore volume, and micropore volume. The maximum hydrogen adsorption capacity of 0.85 wt.% at 100 bars, 298 K is obtained in these materials.     

Kinetic and equilibrium studies of cobalt adsorption on apricot stone activated carbon

The activated carbon from apricot stone with H₃PO₄ and its ability to remove Co²⁺ are reported. The FTIR spectroscopy brings insights on interactions between the functional groups of the carbon and Co²⁺. Adsorption studies are carried in batch mode by varying the initial Co²⁺ concentration and pH. A comparison of two kinetic models on the overall adsorption rate shows that the system is described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Freundlich model fits the data with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 111.11 mg/g at pH 9. The enthalpy and free energy indicate an endothermic and not spontaneous process.     

Kinetic,isotherm and thermodynamic study of nitrate adsorption from aqueous solution using modified rice husk

In this article, we prepared anionic sorbent using rice husk (RC). Anionic rice husk (ARC) structural characteristics and adsorption properties for nitrate removal from aqueous solution were investigated. The sorption of NO₃^? by batch method is carried out. The optimum conditions of sorption were found to be: a sorbent dose of 0.4 g in 100 mL of NO₃^? solution, contact time of 90 min, pH = 7. In optimum condition, removal efficiency was 94.3% for the NO₃^?. The nitrate adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the experimental isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change were calculated and the results showed that the adsorption of nitrate on ARC was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The effect of other anions were also studied and was found that the anions reduced the nitrate adsorption in the order of carbonate > chloride > phosphate > sulphate. ARC was used for the removal of NO₃^? from real wastewater (urban wastewater) that high performance of adsorbent was considerable.     

Preparation of powdered activated carbon from rice husk and its methane adsorption properties

Success of adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage process is mainly based on the characteristics of the adsorbent, so various synthesized adsorbents were analyzed for methane adsorption on a thermodynamic basis. Activated carbon from rice husk (AC-RH) was synthesized and its methane adsorption capacities were compared with phenol based activated carbons (AC-PH₂O and AC-PKOH). The adsorption experiments were conducted by volumetric method under various constant temperatures (293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K) and pressure up to 3.5MPa. Maximum methane adsorption was observed in AC-RH as its surface area is higher than the other two adsorbents. The experimental data were correlated well with Langmuir-Fruendlich isotherms. In addition, isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated by using Clausius-Clapeyron equation.     

Removal of strontium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon: kinetic and thermodynamic studies

This work reports the adsorption of strontium from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon. Various factors such as pH, initial concentration of strontium, particle size and temperature were considered. The optimum conditions obtained were: pH value = 4.0, contact time = 8 h, initial concentration of Sr(II) = 100 mg/l, particle size = 270 μm and temperature of 293.15 K. The adsorption of strontium(II) on activated carbon follows pseudo-first order kinetics and the energy of activation E_a calculated using the Arrehenius equation was found to be 3.042 kJ/mol.The adsorption isotherms could be fitted by the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity Q_o being 5.07×10^–4 mol/g at 293.15 K. A dimensionless separation factor R_L was used to judge the favourable adsorption. The values of the mass transfer coefficient β_L (cm/s) at different temperatures indicated that the velocity of mass transfer of Sr(II) ions onto activated carbon was slow. The intraparticle diffusion mechanism is of great importance in determining the overall rate of removal and the negative entropy of activation ΔS^# value 145.13 J/mol K, reflects that no significant change occurs in the internal structure of activated carbon during adsorption of strontium(II). The Gibbs free energy ΔG°_ads values range from –36.61 kJ/mol to –41.75 kJ/mol at 293.15–333.15 K, which show the physical adsorption properties of activated carbon and indicate the feasibility of the process.