野生桑葚中花色苷成分分析

运用固相萃取纯化技术与高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测器/电喷雾质谱联用技术,采用ZorbaxSB-C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),甲醇-5%甲酸水溶液为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为520nm,以矢车菊素3-葡萄糖苷为对照,外标法测定了野生桑葚花色苷含量,并通过紫外扫描光谱和电喷雾质谱正离子碎片信息确定了花色苷的成分组成。结果表明:野生桑葚总花色苷含量为154.27mg/100g,含有的三种花色苷成分分别为矢车菊素3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-芸香糖苷和天竺葵素3-葡萄糖苷,其相对含量为67.52%、31.29%和1.06%。     

红树莓花色苷含量测定及成分分析

运用HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS技术建立了测定红树莓花色苷含量的方法,并确定了花色苷的成分组成。采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),甲醇-5%甲酸水溶液为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为520 nm,以矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷为对照,用外标法定量,并通过紫外扫描光谱信息和ESI+碎片离子信息对花色苷组成成分定性分析。结果表明:红树莓总花色苷含量为105.69 mg/100 g,其主要含有的4种花色苷成分为矢车菊素-3-槐糖苷、矢车菊素-3-槐糖-5-鼠李糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷,相对含量分别为22.05%、13.83%、33.74%和30.38%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定减肥类保健食品中6种蒽醌苷元的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定减肥类保健食品中橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚6种蒽醌苷元含量的方法。方法 减肥类保健食品以甲醇沸水浴提取、稀盐酸超声水解、二氯甲烷萃取等前处理后,采用BDS HYPERSIL C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经二极管阵列检测器分析,外标法定量。结果 6种蒽醌苷元在1～50μg/ml质量浓度范围内线性良好,r均高于0.998;检出限均为0.04 mg/g。平均加标回收率为85.2%～98.1%;精密度（n=6）在7.0%以内。结论 该方法可用于减肥类保健食品中6种蒽醌苷元的同时检测。     

HPLC-ESI-MS分析紫色小白菜中花色苷组成分析

采用HPLC-ESI-MS方法测定并分析"新紫冠"紫色小白菜中花色苷的组分及其含量。结果表明,"新紫冠"紫色小白菜中含有矢车菊及飞燕草两类花色苷,以矢车菊-3,5-双葡萄糖苷标准品测得总花色苷含量为51.36μg/g·fw,其中矢车菊类花色苷含50.71μg/g·fw,占总含量的98.73%,飞燕草类花色苷含0.65μg/g·fw,仅占1.27%。矢车菊类花色苷全部以酰基化的形式存在,共检测出10种矢车菊类花色苷及相应的9种同分异构体,其中矢车菊-3-阿魏酰-槐糖苷-5-丙二酰-葡萄糖苷是含量最多的花色苷成分,达16.36μg/g·fw,占总含量的31.85%。     

UPLC-Q-Tof/MS同时测定桑葚保健酒中五种花色苷含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-Tof/MS)法测定桑葚保健酒中五种花色苷(天竺葵-3-O葡萄糖苷、氯化芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-O芸香葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-5-二葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-O葡萄糖)含量。方法:色谱柱:ACQUITY UPLC Ben C18 Column (2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸,进样量为2μL,流速为0.5mL/min,梯度洗脱,柱温为40℃,ESI+电离模式。结果:五种花色苷在100～800ng/mL范围内线性关系、回收率良好。桑葚保健酒中矢车菊-3-O-芸香葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量丰富,达到398.0ng/mL以及532.8ng/mL。     

HPLC法测定不同产地黑豆皮中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的含量

目的：建立黑豆皮中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的含量测定方法,测定5个不同产地黑豆皮中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的含量。方法：采用HPLC法测定黑豆皮中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的含量,色谱柱采用Phenomenex Luna Su C18 柱 (250mm×4.60mm,5μm);流动相A相为0.5%磷酸溶液,B相为水-乙腈(50:50),进行梯度洗脱;流速0.8mL/min;检测波长520nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。结果：矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷标准曲线回归方程为：Y＝2×107X－33120(r＝0.9998),在 0.1041～1.041μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为92.4%、 92.5%和95.5%,不同产地黑豆皮中矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量范围为5.263～12.829mg/g。结论：所用方法简便、准确,可用于不同产地黑豆皮的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定3种杂交翠菊花色苷的含量

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对3种不同颜色的杂交翠菊花色苷含量进行测定。使用1%盐酸甲醇溶液分别对3种不同颜色翠菊花色苷进行提取,以矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷为对照品,使用Zorbax SB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-5%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为520 nm。结果表明,粉红色、紫红色、蓝紫色3种杂交翠菊花色苷含量分别为168.15、614.89、193.89 mg/100 g,紫红色杂交翠菊具有较好的应用开发价值。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方黄葵颗粒中金丝桃苷、虎杖苷的含量

目的建立复方黄葵颗粒中金丝桃苷、虎杖苷含量测定方法。方法采用Zorbax SB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×150mm,5μm)不锈钢柱,以乙腈-0.5%柠檬酸(14:86)为流动相测定金丝桃苷含量;采用Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)不锈钢柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸(11:89)为流动相测定虎杖苷含量。结果金丝桃苷对照品浓度在20.76～519.0μg/ml范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回收率为99.45%;虎杖苷对照品浓度在7.776～194.4μg/ml范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回收率为98.23%。结论本方法简便可行,具有较好的准确性和精密度,可有效地控制本品质量。     

云南丽江和吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分的分析

采用高效液相色谱法对云南丽江、吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分进行测定。通过标准品的分析,建立了飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷的回归方程,相关系数为0.9939~0.9968,精密度RSD为2.00%~3.73%,回收率在98.90%~100.99%,方法准确可行。通过6种标准品的对比,供试的15个样品中,所有越橘品种均有飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷3种花色苷,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为223.99 μg/g、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为153.34 μg/g,二者占总花色苷的65%。采用欧氏距离聚类分析表明,集群1为飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量较高的三种越橘,代表品种为丽江雷戈西、丽江奥尼尔、靖宇杜克;集群2为6种花色苷总含量较高的越橘品种,代表品种为丽江北陆与靖宇早蓝,说明飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量与花色苷总含量是评价越橘花色苷特点的重要因子。     

RP-HPLC法测定保健食品中五种主要黄酮类成分

目的:建立RP-HPLC法测定保健食品中多种黄酮类成分的含量.方法:采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为Kromasil C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速:1.0ml/min,检测波长260nm,柱温:30℃,测定大豆甙,染料木苷,染料木素,大豆甙元和芦荟苷五种黄酮类化合物的含量.结果:五种黄酮类成分的线性范围分别为:4.088～204.4、3.448～172.4、3.208～160.4,3.528～176.4、4.784～239.2μg/ml,相关系数依次为:0.9997、0.9998、0.9998、0.9995、0.9996.加样回收率(n=9)分别为:100.1%、97.4%、100.9%、99.5%、100.8%,;RSD分别为:1.4%、1.1%、1.2%、1.4%和1.7%.保健食品样品中五种成分的平均含量(n=5)分别为:156.81、168.42、41.98、39.84、36.55μg/ml;RSD分别为:2.6%、1.3%、1.8%、2.8%和2.3%.结论:该方法准确,重现性好,可作为此保健食品的质量控制标准.     

Influence of species,harvest date and size on composition of capers (Capparis spp.) flower buds

Physical and chemical properties of raw flower buds at three different sizes (x ≤ 8 mm, 8 < x ≤ 13 mm, x > 13 mm) of Capparis spinosa var. spinosa and Capparis ovata var. canescens harvested in June and August were determined. C. Spinosa buds were more firm and spherical than C. ovata. Water, crude fiber, crude oil, total carotenoids and starch values of species in both harvests increased as bud size increased. All materials contained high amounts of Na, K, P, Ca, Mg and Mn, but decreasing Mn in August. Small buds harvested in June were more suitable to processing for physical and chemical properties. Values of analyses were variously affected by species, size and harvest date.     

Natural occurrence of scirpentriol in cereals infected by Fusarium species.

Wheat, barley and oat grain samples naturally contaminated with Fusarium spp. were analysed for the presence of scirpentriol (STO). This toxin was detected in 1, 37 and 8% of 248 wheat, 32 barley and 99 oat grain samples, respectively, and the maximum concentration was 83 microg x kg(-1). Samples of wheat and oat grain with visible scab symptoms were also analysed, and STO (mean level 255 microg x kg(-1)) was detected only in oat samples infected with F. sporotrichioides and F. poae as the dominant species. We analysed 15 barley samples that were subdivided based on seed size into fractions of <2.5 and > 2.5 mm in diameter. The smaller kernels contained an average 94% of the STO in the samples (in kernel fraction > 2.5 mm 28 microg x kg(-1), <2.5 mm 297 microg x kg(-1)). In oats, STO levels were highest in the chaff, lower in the stalk's apical internode and lowest in the grain.     

A Factorial Approach to Modeling aw of a Multicomponent Food in the High Moisture Range (aw 0.90–1.00)

Water activity (a_w) depression in a multicomponent food such as fish sausage was investigated using a 4x3x3 factorial design on combinations of NaCl, nonfat dry milk (NFDM) and lard added to a fixed amount of minced fish. The effects of NaCl, NFDM, lard and the interaction NaCl x NFDM, were significant. The responses across levels of the above factors were linear. From the magnitude of effect of each factor, two extended models for predicting a_w were derived in terms of molal salt concentration and two empirical parameters called water activity depressing capacity, d_i, and water binding capacity, WBC, respectively. Both were demonstrated to predict accurately a_w of newly formulated fish sausage.     

Factors affecting linear alkylbenzene sulfonates removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands

The behavior of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and sulfophenyl carboxylate (SPC) biointermediates in a pilot subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) is reported for the first time. The effects of wetland configuration and operation on their treatment efficiency were investigated. The pilot SFCW constituted by eight beds of 55 m2 with different aspect ratios (1 x 1; 1.5 x 1; 2 x 1; 2.5 x 1), two water depths (i.e., 0.47 and 0.27 cm) at 5 cm below surface and two medium sizes (i.e., D60 = 10 mm and 3.5 mm) planted with Phragmites sp. That SFCW pilottreats urban wastewater (i.e., 200 inhabitants) and was operated at four hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) (20, 27, 36, and 45 mm d(-1)). Influent and effluent sampling was carried out from May 2001 to January 2002 with a weekly pattern. Main results were as follows: (i) water depth has a major influence on the performance of SFCW for the LAS removal, and HLR shows significant effect on SPC evolution; (ii) water temperature has a significant effect on the LAS evolution; (iii) biodegradation of LAS and SPC can occur under sulfate-reducing environment and mixed conditions (i.e., sulfate-reducing and denitrification), but aerobic respiration cannot be excluded; and (iv) C13 LAS homologues were generally removed in higher extent than the shorter alkyl chain counterparts. In the most appropriate conditions, LAS and SPC can be biodegraded up to 71% and 11%, respectively, in the pilot SFCW evaluated.     

Optimization of pH value and aluminium sulphate quantity in the chemical treatment of molasses

The aim of this investigation was to find the optimal working conditions for the chemical treatment of molasses that guarantee coagulation and precipitation of undesired macromolecules. Twenty experiments were performed, within the limits: 3.5pH8.5 and 0.1 mol Al/lc0.5 mol Al/l, on samples of molasses treated with Al₂(SO₄)₃ as a precipitant. The efficiency of the treatment was controlled through measuring both the zeta potential and solution absorbance at 560 nm. By analysing the experimental results, it was concluded that the optimum lies within reduced limits of: 4pH7 and 0.2 mol Al/lc0.4 mol Al/l, which covers nine experimental points. Based on these measurements, a mathematical model of absorbance changes was defined, in terms of pH and Al₂(SO₄)₃ quantity. The model was taken as the objective function, and the optimal calculated values were obtained: pH=5.3 and c=0.34 mol Al/l. They guarantee a minimal absorbance value of: 0.124 at 560 nm.     

Einfluß der Holzabmessungen auf die Zugfestigkeit von Bauschnittholz

The effect of timber dimensions on tensile strength was investigated in 750 and 200 tests involving spruce and Douglas fir respectively, with dimensions ranging in thickness from 30 mm to 70 mm, in width from 50 mm to 200 mm, and in length from 150 mm to 2,500 mm. Results show tensile strength to be essentially related to knot ratio and density and to decrease with increasing length, in accordance with relationship f _t,1=f _t,0·(l ₀/l ₁)^0.1. Since specimens tend to exhibit decreasing knot ratios with increasing width, tensile strength was shown to rise with increasing width. Apart from this relationship no significant effect of width and thickness on the 5-percentiles of tensile strength, as assumed e.g. in Eurocode 5, was detected.     

基于指纹图谱相似度的米糠油掺伪检测方法研究

为快速准确对掺伪米糠油进行定量检测,将棕榈油、棉籽油、菜籽油、大豆油掺入纯米糠油,气相色谱法测定C10∶0、C14∶0、C16∶0、C16∶1、C18∶0、C18∶0、C18∶1、C18∶1、C18∶2、C18∶3、C20∶0、C20∶1、C22∶0、C22∶1的含量,利用向量夹角余弦法计算纯米糠油与掺伪米糠油的相似度,建立了掺伪量与相似度的线性模型.米糠油掺混棕榈油,计算模型为y =5.802 3x3-17.469x2-0.269 2x +99.99(R2 =0.999 6).米糠油掺混菜籽油,计算模型为y=-23.62x3-8.380 6x2-6.138 3x+ 100.12(R2=0.999 4).米糠油掺混棉籽油,计算模型为y=-240.52x5+ 677.8x4-697.92x3+ 312.09x2-66.998x+ 99.97(R2=0.999 3).米糠油掺混大豆油,计算模型为y=12.33x3-26.047x2-2.6855x+100.05(R2=0.999 1).     

Rheological Properties Including Tensile Fracture Stress of Semolina Extrudates Influenced by Moisture Content

Semolina extrudates were reshaped, immediately after extrusion to form 0.5 mm thick × 2 mm wide × 130 mm long strips. Moisture content (W) was adjusted to 5 to 39% (dry basis) equilibrating in desiccators containing saturated salt solutions. The following tensile rheological properties of the prepared samples were determined at room temperature (21-24°C) using a Rheometrics solid analyzer: Young modulus (E), yield stress (σ_y), fracture stress (σ_c) and fracture stain (?_c). Each of E, σ_y and σ_c was fitted by a semilogorithmically linear function of W with a negative slope. The property ?_c fitted two semilogarithmically linear functions: for W < 24.2% a line with a positive slope and for W > 24.2% a line with near zero slope. Such data for moisture ranges used in conventional pasta drying can help to optimize conditions for pasta production without stress cracking.     

采用电子凸轮的多梳栉经编机成圈运动

为解决多梳栉经编机成圈机构运动链较长、整机适应性差的问题,采用电子凸轮驱动执行机构的传动方案实现多梳栉经编机槽针的复合运动。根据经编工艺、梳栉排布特点选定理论关键点位置,以拟合出槽针针钩点理论轨迹,其中锁边花梳栉针前垫纱理论关键点位置,低于针背垫纱理论关键点位置,且不能超过槽针针头圆弧半径大小。低速试验状态下,实测43/1 型经编机槽针针钩点运动轨迹。结果表明,地梳栉和贾卡梳栉排布区间实际关键点与理论关键点在Ｘ 方向的偏差在允许偏差±0.25mm范围内,花梳栉针背垫纱的偏差在X方向允许偏差在0~0.25mm范围内,锁边花梳栉针前垫纱的偏差在X方向允许偏差1.95mm 范围内,所有情况在Y方向的偏差都在允许的偏差范围±0.25mm内。     

基于电场分布的单波导矩形微波喷动床结构设计

针对矩形微波喷动床,基于喷动腔内电场强度及电场分布均匀性进行结构分析与优化。采用的评价指标为反映电场分布均匀性的变异系数COV、平均电场强度E_(mean)和反映电场局部集聚参数E_(max)/E_(mean)。利用多物理场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics对喷动腔内电场强度进行数值模拟,通过单因素和正交试验法分别分析喷动床结构参数a(喷动床宽)、H(波导位置)和L(喷动床高)对评价指标的影响。结果发现,a对COV和E_(max)/E_(mean)的影响最显著,H对E_(mean)的影响最显著;a与L的交互作用对COV,E_(mean)和E_(max)/E_(mean)的影响均显著。单波导矩形微波喷动床的优化结构为:a=427mm,H=200mm,L=1 000mm。