Some features of spinning cuprammonium fibres into precipitation baths containing calcium salts

Conclusions On the basis of data on precipitating power and the rate of dehydration of cuprammonium solutions of cellulose, the fundamental possibility has been demonstrated of spinning fibres from such solutions into precipitation baths containing calcium salts, using the technological scheme for viscose fibre manufacture.The dependence of the basic characteristics of the freshly-spun fibre on calcium salt content and temperature of the precipitation bath has been found.Moscow Textile Institute. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 11–13, January–February, 1987.     

A set of textile auxiliaries for finishing Lanom fibre

Conclusions The effect of TA on the physico-chemical properties of aqueous solutions has been investigated, as well as the electrophysical and frictional properties of Lanom fibre.It has been shown that the preparations Stearox 6 and composition 2 are effective for finishing Lanom fibre at a content of 0.3–0.6% on the fibre surface.Treatment with these TA assures the needed physico-mechanical and electrophysical properties, reduces the coefficient of friction by 17–26% as compared with that of the untreated fibre, and improves the ability of Lanom fibre to be processed.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 42–43, November–December, 1986.     

Structure of a biocatalyst fibre containing modified β-galactosidase

Conclusions A connection between the composition of the spinning solution intended for preparation of a biocatalyst fibre, the conditions of fibre spinning, and the porosity characteristics of the fibre structure has been established.The possibility of purposefully regulating the catalytic properties of a biocatalyst fibre by varying the fibre structure has been demonstrated.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 21–23, January–February, 1989.     

Shortened methods for finishing viscose fibres

Conclusions -- The possibility has been demonstrated of shortening the finishing time for high modulus viscose fibre by combining peroxide bleaching and high-temperature treatment of the fibre after cutting.-- The combined high-temperature treatment was carried out in the finishing apparatus; the degree of fibre whiteness thereupon attained 79–80% while its shrinkage is reduced.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 37–38, January–February, 1991.     

Effect of aluminum sulfate content of the precipitation bath on fibre physico-mechanical properties

Conclusions A high-strength fibre is obtained on spinning into precipitation baths containing 30–45 g/liter aluminum sulfate and 65–70 g/liter sulfuric acid, and having a bath density of 1.30–1.31 kg/m³. The relative breaking load of the fibre is 28 cN/tex, its elastic modulus in the wet state is 1380 MPa, and its elongation at break is 16%.At an aluminum sulfate content of 15–17 g/liter in the precipitation bath, an increase in sulfuric acid concentration from 90 to 129 g/liter leads to an increase in relative breaking load and the relative strength of fibre in a loop.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 40–41, May–June, 1987.     

Special features in spinning viscose fibre and yarns into a precipitation bath containing sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate

Conclusions The possibility of obtaining a viscose fibre with increased strength up to 25–28 cN/tex, and improved fatigue properties, a low-shrinkage fibre, or a fibre with less loss of strength in the wet state has been demonstrated under experimental conditions. The process of preparing a crimped viscose fibre has been checked out under manufacturing conditions.Eliminating zinc sulfate from the technological process and reducing the specific norms for consumption of sulfuric acid (thanks to the use of precipitation baths which are less concentrated in sulfuric acid) and for neutralizing agents affords an opportunity to reduce contamination of wastewater and to obtain ecological and economic benefits.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 16–18, November–December, 1986.     

Effect of internal stresses on the structure and physical and mechanical properties of a complex glass fibre

The correlations of internal stresses arising in a complex glass fibre during with the shape of the fibre as a function of the surface properties of the lubricant and the tension of the fibre in the pack layers were obtained in differential and integral form. The results of the studies confirm the validity of the proposed analytical model of formation of internal stresses in a complex fibre during its drying. The conclusion that the different lengths of the monofilaments in the complex fibre is the basic cause of formation of the twisted structure of the complex fibre was experimentally confirmed.Fiberglass Plastics—Certificate AF, Moscow. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 46–48, January–February, 1994.     

Sorption of water vapor by chemically modified polyamide fibre

Conclusions Sorption and desorption isotherms of water vapor by chemically modified PCA fibre have been analyzed.It has been shown that the modified PCA fibre absorbs water vapor like cotton fibre over a wide range of variation in relative humidity.The elevated sorptive capacity as compared with Kapron fibre is explained by an increase in the number of active hydrophilic functional groups and volume of sorbing pores.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 20–21, January–February, 1984.     

Interaction of a moving fibre having flexural rigidity with a friction body

Equations were obtained which can be used to account for the hysteresis effects of crumpling a fibre on a friction body, and consideration of the flexural rigidity allows explaining the nonlinear dependences of the fibre tension on the bending radius. A design was developed and a fast fibre tension tester which executes high-precision measurements of fibre tension with a minimal effect on the moving fibre is being installed in enterprises.Stekloplastik-Sertifikat Co., Zelenograd. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 46–49, May–June, 1996.     

Tests of a filter with a filtering layer of synthetic fibre waste

Conclusions A fibre filter ensures thorough clean-up of wastewater from viscose fibre manufacturing from suspended particles and dispersed sulfur.The high rate of filtration of the fibre filter (27 m/h), reduction in water consumption, and 30% reduction in time for washing the filter show that economy can be achieved by replacing the quartz filter with a fibre one in the scheme of wastewater clean-up.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 49–50, September–October, 1983.     

Preparation of heat-stable polypropylene fibres and their properties

Conclusions A method has been developed for preparing a modified polypropylene fibre by spinning from a mixture of polypropylene and a small amount of a thermoplastic acrylonitrile copolymer which contains a functional group which forms intermolecular chemical bonds during the fibre preparation process.It has been shown that in the given method of modifying PP fibre, its heat resistance is raised by 40–50°K.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 51–52, May–June, 1985.     

Lead-coated glass fibre mesh grids for lead–acid batteries

A lightweight lead-coated glass fibre mesh grid was tested for use in valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries. Plates made with these new grids show a higher material utilization over a wide range of discharge rates (i.e., 20–200 mA g^–1) and temperature (i.e., –15–25 °C) compared with conventional gravity-caste plates. The results also suggest that the lead-coated glass fibre grid can replace the conventional gravity-cast grid without causing any deleterious effects so far as the cycle life is concerned.     

Effect of a liquid on cohesion of the structure of a complex fibre

A fast and accurate method of assessing the cohesion of monofilaments in a complex fibre in liquid medium and in drying was developed. Theoretical and experimental studies revealed an important decrease in the interaction of the monofilaments in a complex fibre in aqueous medium with the simultaneous effect of tension and torque on the fibre and a sharp increase in the interaction during drying due to the appearance of capillary forms of bonding. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the structure and cohesion of a complex fibre and select technological processing conditions for maintaining defined fibre quality indexes.Moscow State Textile Academy. Stekloplastik—Sertifikat AF, Moscow. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 48–50, January–February, 1994.     

Giving polyacrylonitrile fibre long-term antistatic properties

Conclusions The possibility of conferring long-term antistatic properties on freshly spun PAN fibre by surface treatment with the preparation katanat has been examined.Results of a study of a pilot plant lot of Nitron fibre modified with katanat and also of articles made from it have shown that katanat gives PAN fibre stable antistatic properties without causing changes in physicohygienic properties and without exerting an irritating action.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 38–39, September–October, 1983.     

Degradation of viscose fibres in the finishing process and in service

Conclusions The change in degree of polymerization, loss in weight, and buildup of carbonyl and carboxyl groups have been investigated in boiling, bleaching, and washing ordinary viscose fibre, Siblon high-modulus fibre, and cotton.It has been found that Siblon high-modulus viscose fibre is preferable for blends with cotton with respect to resistance to degradation.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 36–37, September–October, 1984.     

Filtering properties of media based on fibrous carbon materials

Conclusions The filtering properties of specimens of carbon fibre materials prepared at final carbonization temperatures of 500 and 900°C, from a nonwoven material based on viscose fibre waste, have been investigated.The possibility of increasing the length of a filter working cycle two- to threefold with a charge of carbon fibre material as compared with the filtration time through a cotton charge, with an identical quality of viscose clarification, has been demonstrated.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 53–55, March–April, 1985.     

High-modulus,high-strength carbon fibre based on polyacrylonitrile

Conclusions -- The effect of the method of preliminary heat treatment and of the structure of fibre being subjected to boronation on the strength of high-modulus carbon fibres has been shown.-- A moreoriented structure of the fibre subjected to boronation and stress relaxation during the heat-treatment process aid in bringing about an increase in strength of high-modulus carbon fibre up to 3.0–3.5 GPa at an elastic modulus greater than 700 GPa.All-Union Scientific Research and Project-Technological Institute of Electrical Carbon Articles, Élektrougli. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 29–30, May–June, 1991.     

Fabrication of VION chemisorption fibre in concentrated solutions of hydrazine hydrate

The mechanism of the reaction of hydrazidation of Nitron fibre in aqueous and alcohol solutions of hydrazine hydrate in the 10–75 wt. % concentration range was investigated. The conditions for fabrication of an anion-exchange fibre with a static exchange capacity (SEC) of up to 3 meq/g by successive treatment of Nitron fibre with solutions of hydrazine hydrate with a concentration of 10 to 50% were developed. The chemisorption fibres obtained have satisfactory mechanical properties and satisfy the requirements set for them in textile processing.Military Academy for Chemical Defense, All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres, Mytishchi. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 15–17, March–April, 1995.     

Some features of relaxation processes in the heat-treatment of Lanom fibre

Conclusions In the application of a copper-nickel coating onto freshly-spun, slightly oriented polyacrylonitrile fibre, a rigid housing is developed, which represses changes in the electrophysical properties of the fibre.The slight change in specific electrical resistance of the fibre is connected with two factors: a difference in the thermal-relaxation properties of the coating and of the polymer; and partial oxidation of the copper coating by atmospheric oxygen.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 29–30, July–August, 1987.     

Use of chemical fibre manufacturing wastes for modification of petroleum paving asphalts

The effectiveness of using large-tonnage wastes from chemical fibre manufacturing plants for modifying petroleum paving asphalts is demonstrated. Addition of bottoms and acetate fibre wastes in the amount of 0.3 to 0.4 wt. % to asphalt—rubber composite reduces the ductility of the composite at 0°C by 20–70% and insignificantly affects the ductility of the composite at 25°C. Penatration of the composite is insignificantly altered. The softening point of the composite increases slightly. When the bottoms content in the composite is increased, the effect of increasing the fibre content becomes more even. This indicates the slight damping effect of the bottoms. Addition of acetate fibre to the polymer—asphalt binder in the amount of up to 0.4% increases the R & B softening point by 5–15%. IR spectroscopy showed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar groups in the bottoms and the oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups in the asphalt.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 52–55 September–October, 2004.