合金元素对非晶形成能力及力学性能的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备了直径为(Φ)4mm的合金Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2,Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2和Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2.通过X射线衍射(XRD),差式扫描量热法(DSC)以及压缩实验研究了Ni,Cu和Nb合金元素对Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2, Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2和Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2合金的非晶形成能力和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2和Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2可以形成块体非晶,他们的约化玻璃转化温度Trg为0.57.非晶合金Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2和Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2具有较高的压缩断裂强度.Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2的断裂方式不是沿剪切带断裂,而是断裂成很多碎片.Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2断裂时这两种方式共同存在.     

Cr/Mo比对FeCoMoCrZr非晶合金晶化过程及磁性能的影响

采用单辊急冷法制备了一系列不同Cr/Mo比的FeCoMoCrZr非晶薄带,并对该系非晶合金进行等温热处理。用XRD和VSM研究Cr/Mo比的变化对(Fe0.58Co0.42)73Mo17-xCrxZr10系非晶合金晶化过程和磁性能的影响。结果表明,x在9~17之间变化时,所制备的合金薄带为非晶结构;(Fe0.58Co0.42)73Mo5Cr12Zr10非晶合金的晶化过程为:Am→α-Fe(Co)+CrFe4+Fe23Zr6+Cr2Mo,(Fe0.58Co0.42)73Cr17Zr10非晶合金的晶化过程为:Am→α-Fe(Co)+Am′→α-Fe(Co)+CrFe4+Fe3Ni2+未知相;Cr/Mo比例的增加降低了合金的热稳定性,促进了退火后α-Fe(Co)相的析出。两种合金的饱和磁化强度Ms随退火温度的变化趋势相同但幅度不同,在低于晶化峰值温度Tp退火,(Fe0.58Co0.42)73Mo5Cr12Zr10合金的Ms随退火温度的升高缓慢上升;而(Fe0.58Co0.42)73Cr17Zr10合金的Ms随退火温度的升高快速大幅上升。     

Inconel 625合金中析出相演变研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

本文综述了Inconel 625合金析出相的析出与演变行为,重点介绍了该合金不同类型析出相包括γ′相、γ″相、δ相、Ni2(Cr,Mo)相以及MC,M6C,M23C6型碳化物和Laves相;阐明不同成形工艺、热处理及高温蠕变过程中析出相的析出与演化行为,论述不同类型的析出相对合金性能的影响;指出Inconel 625合金快速成形及焊接过程中产生裂纹的主要因素,并提出未来重要的发展方向是如何通过选择与控制相析出来进一步提高Inconel 625合金的热强性和热疲劳性能。     

Co-Al-W基高温合金发展概述

传统Co基高温合金的强化机制为固溶强化与碳化物强化,强化效果弱于Ni基高温合金中的有序相γ'强化,从而使得Co基高温合金的应用受到限制。直到2006年,在Co-Al-W三元相图中发现稳定的L12相——Co3(Al,W),这种新型γ'相强化的Co-Al-W基高温合金有以下特点:(1)含Ta合金熔点高于Waspaloy合金;(2)硬度与屈服强度不低于Ni基高温合金;(3)γ/γ'两相之间的晶格错配度与Ni基高温合金在数值上接近,符号上相反,而正的晶格错配度更有利于蠕变性能。综上所述,Co3(Al,W)相的发现为Co基高温合金的发展开辟了新道路。自2006年以来,针对Co-Al-W基高温合金的组织与性能进行了大量研究。Co-Al-W基高温合金的微观组织为γ/γ'两相,此外还会存在一些二次相,其中包括富集Al和Ti元素的B2-CoAl相、富集难熔元素的拓扑密堆相m-Co7W6以及易在时效过程析出的c-Co3W相。这些二次相通常在晶界析出,容易成为裂纹的发源地,同时会弱化固溶强化效果,对合金的高温性能不利。虽然Co-Al-W基高温合金得到了立方形态的γ'相共格析出,但由于γ'-Co3(Al,W)相高温稳定性差,需要对其进行合金化,因此,这种γ'相强化的Co基高温合金正在由简单的Co-Al-W三元合金发展成为复杂的多元合金。综合来看,主要添加的合金化元素有Ta、Ti、Nb、V、Mo、Ni和Cr。其中,γ'相形成元素包括Ta、Ti、Nb、V、Mo,这些元素的分配系数均大于1,且能有效提高γ'相固溶温度与体积分数; Cr、Fe、Re的分配系数小于1,是γ相形成元素,添加后均降低γ'相固溶温度,其中Cr会提高γ'相的体积分数。众多合金元素中,Cr、Mo和Ni元素的过量添加会降低γ/γ'两相间的晶格错配度,从而改变γ'相形态甚至破坏γ/γ'两相组织。合金的组织与性能密切相关,γ/γ'两相、γ'相为立方形态且γ'相高温稳定性高的合金具有优异的性能。Co-Al-W基高温合金的流变应力随温度变化分为三个阶段:首先随温度升高而降低;然后随温度升高而异常升高;最后再次随温度升高而降低。故而存在峰值温度与峰值强度,Co基高温合金多应用在峰值温度下,以便获得最高的屈服强度。此外,由于Co-Al-W基高温合金中γ/γ'两相晶格错配度为正,在蠕变过程中会出现平行于拉应力的筏化,对合金的高温性能有利。除了Ta、Ti等元素能强化合金外,少量B元素的添加有晶界强化作用,可以提高合金的力学性能。添加Cr元素的Co-Al-W基高温合金在高温氧化过程中会形成三层氧化层,分别是最外层的Al_2CoO_4、富Cr并含有Cr2O和Cr2O3的中间层以及最内层的Al_2O_3。其中Cr_2O_3和Al_2O_3氧化层均致密且具有保护作用,可显著提高合金的抗氧化能力。本文简单介绍了Co-Al-W基高温合金的发现与发展,综述了近年来Co-Al-W基高温合金的研究现状,并指明了未来Co基高温合金的发展方向。     

长期高温服役乙烯裂解炉管焊接接头损伤分析

为了研究长期高温服役后乙烯裂解炉管焊接接头的损伤情况,对服役6a(年)后的Cr35Ni45Nb合金焊接接头的显微组织、高温持久性能、硬度等进行了分析。结果表明:经过长期高温服役后,Cr35Ni45Nb合金焊接接头母材及焊缝区域的原始共晶碳化物发生粗化,形成了连续的网状结构,二次碳化物聚集长大成块状;碳化物M7C3和NbC分别转变为M23C6和G相;焊接接头的高温持久性能下降,硬度升高;熔合线附近区域是整个焊接接头的最薄弱区域;该乙烯裂解炉管服役6a后焊缝热影响区的损伤较为严重,炉管不宜继续使用。     

超超临界电站用镍铁基高温合金TCP相和碳化物相析出的热力学计算

利用材料相图与性能模拟计算软件JMatPro,研究了难熔元素W,Mo,Nb和Fe含量的变化对一种新型镍铁基高温合金拓扑密排相(TCP)和碳化物相析出及高温性能的影响。结果表明:新型镍铁基高温合金晶内强化相为γ′相,晶界为M23C6碳化物;在合金中添加Mo,W,Nb均可提高合金的持久强度和屈服强度;增加合金中Mo,Nb,Fe的含量会提高Laves相和σ相的析出温度;为避免在长期服役过程中合金析出较多的TCP相,在合金中添加不超过0.6%(质量分数,下同)的Nb或不超过1%的Mo和W,以使TCP相的析出温度尽可能低于使役温度。     

ICP-AES测定镍基高温合金中主量与杂质元素分析技术

研究了ICP－AES法测定镍基高温合金中Al,B,Co,Cr,Fe,Hf,Mo,Ta,Ti和W等10个元素的分析方法，进行了基体元素Ni及共存元素对10个分析元素的光谱干扰研究，选择了合适的分析谱线和内标线，加入回收率为99．0％－100．4％，方法准确，快速，简便。     

K3镍基铸造高温合金回炉料的利用

一、问题的提出 我厂从1969年开始试制涡桨型发动机,该发动机涡轮部分的高压、中压涡轮工作叶片,高压涡轮导向叶片等六种叶片毛坯都是采用K3镍基铸造高温合金精密铸造的。 K3镍基铸造高温合金中,有许多价格昂贵的合金元素(如Ni、Cr、Co、Mo、W等),其中Ni占70％,Cr约占10％,Co、Mo、W各占50％左右,主要元素镍是从国外进口的。 长期以来,特别是1973年涡桨型发动机转入批生产后,精铸车间堆积的K3合金回炉料     

碳化物特性对Ni3Al基表面强化复合材料组织与性能的影响

将真空常压烧结的方法制得的Cr3C2-Ni-Al和WC-Ni-Al复合焊丝氩弧堆焊于碳钢表面时,利用氩弧物理热和Ni-Al反应热,促使碳化物硬质颗粒与自生成的Ni3Al金属间化合物基体复合.XRD分析表明,在堆焊过程中两种焊丝中的Ni,Al均化合反应生成Ni3Al金属间化合物.微观组织与硬度试验表明,受各自物理特性(密度、熔点)的影响,两种碳化物硬质相在Ni3Al基体中分布均匀程度不同,其强化效果也迥异:WC仍以原始的大颗粒形态偏聚于焊层层间界面处,而起不到弥散强化作用;Cr3C2则发生分解,并反应析出条块状的Cr7C3相,均匀分布于Ni3Al基体中,很好地强化了基体材料.Cr7C3/Ni3Al复合材料的室、高温硬度远高于传统高温耐磨材料stellite合金.该合金有望成为一种新型的高温耐磨表面强化材料.     

激光熔覆镍基合金层的组织与高温耐磨性能

为了改善304不锈钢工件的高温耐磨性能,利用CO2激光器在其表面熔覆了Ni基高温合金层。研究了熔覆层的物相组成、显微组织、成分分布,测试了其显微硬度、高温耐磨性能等,并与基材进行了对比。结果表明:Ni基合金熔覆层的组织从熔池底部到表层为胞状晶—柱状枝晶—树枝晶;熔覆层的主要组成相是Ni3Cr2,NbC,Mo2C与Cr23C6;Ni基合金粉末中添加难熔元素Cr,Mo,Nb等对熔覆层的组织起到了固溶强化、硬质相强化和弥散强化作用;熔覆层的平均显微硬度达到了405 HV,高温耐磨性能是基体的2倍多。     

Changing Rule of Carbon-Enriched Zone and Diffusion Behavior of Carbon in Aging 0Cr6Mn13Ni10MoTi/1Cr5Mo Dissimilar Welded Joints

The microstructures, the changing rule of carbon-enriched zone, the diffusion behaviors of elements C and Cr, and thecarbide type of 0Cr6Mn13Ni10MoTi/1Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints after aging at 500℃ for various times and afterlong-term service in technical practice were investigated by using the optical microscopy electron probe microanalysis,scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that in aging0Cr6Mn13Ni10MoTi/1Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints, the main carbides are M_3C and a few carbides are M_7C_3 andM_(23)C_6. The M_3C carbide decomposition and dissolution with increasing aging time or aging temperature and theanti-diffusion of C and Cr cause the decrease and disappearance of the carbon-enriched zone. The results are differentfrom those of the A302/1Cr5Mo dissimilar welded joints in previous studies.     

Microstructure evolution in a Ni–Mo–Cr superalloy subjected to simulated heat-affected zone thermal cycle with high peak temperature

A typical Ni–Mo–Cr superalloy with basic composition of Ni–17Mo–7Cr (wt.%) was fabricated and the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties while it underwent simulated heat-affected zone thermal cycle (HAZ) treatment was investigated. The results show that the Ni–Mo–Cr alloy was mainly made up of Ni based solid solution and MoC carbides. The critical peak temperature that a unique lamellar-like structure occurred in the alloy was found to be 1300 °C, and they were firstly determined to be Ni matrix and carbides (MoC and chromium carbides) generated through local melting. Due to the formation of unique structure, the alloy exposed to HAZ thermal cycle with a peak temperature of 1300 °C could still maintain excellent high-temperature mechanical performance. The work carried out here will provide valuable guidelines in designing and applying the Ni–Mo–Cr series superalloys.     

合金元素在MCrAIY涂层中的行为

采用电弧离子镀在新型γ′-Ni     

Effect of Ti(C,N) addition on sintering behaviour and properties of binder-modified WC-10Co cemented carbide

In the present investigation the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-10Co, WC-8.3Ti(C,N)-12Co, WC-8.3Ti(C,N)-6Co-6Ni and WC-7Ti(C,N)-2Mo₂C-6Co-6Ni cemented carbides were studied. Introduction of Ti(C,N) in WC-10Co cemented carbide imposed sintering difficulties and hot isostatic pressing was required to obtain fully dense material. The modification of the binder cobalt with nickel and molybdenum did not noticeably affect the sintered microstructure. In general the mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-containing cemented carbides were inferior to those of WC-10Co cemented carbide.     

Effect of thermal exposure on the stability of carbides in Ni-Cr-W based superalloy

The microstructure evolutions of Ni-Cr-W based superalloy during thermal exposure have been investigated systematically. M₆C carbides in the alloy decompose into M₂₃C₆ carbides at temperatures from 650 to 1000 °C due to its high content of Cr. The M₆C carbides decompose dramatically from 800 to 900 °C. At temperatures up to 1000 °C, a few M₂₃C₆ carbides form on the surface of M₆C carbides. The decomposition behavior of primary M₆C can be explained by the following reaction: M₆C → M₂₃C₆ + Me (W, Ni, Cr, Mo). At temperatures below 900 °C, coarse lamellar M₂₃C₆ carbides precipitate at the grain boundaries. The carbide lamellae line almost perpendicular to the grain boundaries. While the temperature is above 1000 °C, discrete M₂₃C₆ carbides precipitate at the grain boundaries. Moreover, there are lots of small M₂₃C₆ particles precipitated around M₆C carbides from 650 to 1000 °C.     

两种AC-HVAF喷涂WC涂层微观组织以及耐蚀性研究

利用AC-HAVF喷涂技术在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢上制备了WC-10Co-4Cr,WC-12Co涂层,并利用XRD,SEM,电化学以及盐雾实验分析了涂层的微观组织以及耐蚀性.结果表明:两种涂层相组成与其粉末一致,未出现其他喷涂技术普遍存在的W2C以及W,AC-HAVF喷涂技术可以有效的抑制WC的分解;两种涂层都很致密且与基体结合良好,孔隙率低;电化学以及盐雾实验发现,WC-10Co-4Cr涂层的耐蚀性好于WC-12Co涂层,并较基体0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢有较大的提高,粘结相中Cr元素的加入以及孔隙率低是WC-10Co-4Cr涂层耐蚀性优异的重要原因.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr–Ni–Mo–Nb steel

Abstract

The microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium carbon Cr–Ni–Mo–Nb steel in quenched and tempered conditions were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray analysis, and tensile and impact tests. Results showed that increasing austenitisation temperature gave rise to an increase in the tensile strength due to more complete dissolution of primary carbides during austenitisation at high temperatures. The austenite grains were fine when the austenitisation temperature was <1373 K owing to the pinning effect of undissolved Nb(C,N) particles. A tensile strength of 1600 MPa was kept at tempering temperatures up to 848 K, while the peak impact toughness was attained at 913 K tempering, as a result of the replacement of coarse Fe rich M₃C carbides by fine Mo rich M₂C carbides. Austenitisation at 1323 K followed by 913 K tempering could result in a combination of high strength and good toughness for the Cr–Ni–Mo–Nb steel.     

航空用高强高韧钢16Co14Ni10Cr2MoEI

研究了16Co14Ni10Cr2Mo钢的力学性能和工艺性能。16Co14Ni10Cr2Mo钢的良好综合性能优于现用一般超高强度钢,可广泛地用于航空受力结构件。     

Investigation of WC–Co alloy properties based on thermodynamic calculation and Weibull distribution

The influence of alloy composition and sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and reliability of WC–Co cemented carbides was studied theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, through a hybrid approach of thermodynamic calculations and Weibull distribution, the comprehensive performance of ultrafine WC–Co cemented carbides with different C contents and inhibitor type was investigated in detail. The carbon content of WC–10?wt-% Co–0.5?wt-% Cr cemented carbides was carefully controlled within the range of 5.38?5.52?wt-%. The contents of Cr and V are chosen to be in the range of 0–1?wt-%. It is found that WC–10?wt-% Co–0.5?wt-% Cr alloys with 5.46?wt-% C or 5.5?wt-% C show excellent mechanical properties and high reliability. WC–10?wt-% Co alloys with 0.5?wt-% Cr and 0.4?wt-% Cr–0.2?wt-% V demonstrate high mechanical property and reliability. The results of this study can be used to design process parameters during the manufacture of WC–Co cemented carbides.     

Effects of Mo on microstructure of as-cast 28 wt.% Cr–2.6 wt.% C–(0–10) wt.% Mo irons

Microstructures of as-cast 28 wt.% Cr–2.6 wt.% C irons containing (0–10) wt.% Mo with the Cr/C ratio of about 10 were studied and related to hardness. The experimental irons were cast into dry sand molds. Microstructural investigation was performed by light microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. It was found that the iron with about 10 wt.% Mo was eutectic/peritectic, whereas the others with less Mo content were hypoeutectic. The matrix in all irons was austenite, partly transformed to martensite during cooling. Mo addition promoted the formation of M₂₃C₆ and M₆C. At 1 wt.% Mo, multiple eutectic carbides including M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ and M₆C were observed. M₂₃C₆ existed as a transition zone between eutectic M₇C₃ and M₆C, indicating a carbide transition as M₇C₃(M_2.3C) → M₂₃C₆(M_3.8C) → M₆C. At 6 wt.% Mo, multiple eutectic carbides including M₇C₃ and M₂₃C₆ were observed together with fine cellular/lamellar M₆C aggregates. In the iron with 10 wt.% Mo, only eutectic/peritectic M₂₃C₆ and M₆C were found without M₇C₃. Mo distribution to all carbides has been determined to be increased from ca. 0.4 to 0.7 in mass fraction as the Mo content in the irons was increased. On the other hand, Cr distribution to all carbides is quite constant as ca. 0.6 in mass fraction. Mo addition increased Vickers macro-hardness of the irons from 495 up to 674 HV₃₀. High Mo content as solid-solution in the matrix and the formation of M₆C or M₂₃C₆ aggregates were the main reasons for hardness increase, indicating potentially improved wear performance of the irons with Mo addition.