Rene′95粉末合金喷丸强化研究

研究了Ｒｅｎｅ′９５热等静压粉末高温合金喷丸后的残余应力场、组织结构、致密度及其与疲劳性能的关系。结果指出，喷丸强化能够有效地提高合金高周和低周疲劳强度。     

Rene‘95粉末合金喷丸强化研究

研究了Ｒｅｎｅ’９５热等静压粉末高温合金喷丸后的残余应力场、组织结构、致密度及其与疲劳性能的关系。结果指出，喷丸强化能够有效地提高合金高周和低周疲劳强度。     

拉-拉疲劳载荷下钛合金湿喷丸的残余应力松弛及再次喷丸工艺EI北大核心CSCD

采用湿法喷丸强化工艺(wet shot-peening)对TC4钛合金表面进行处理,研究高、低周的拉-拉疲劳过程中合金残余应力松弛规律,探讨再次喷丸工艺(re-shot-peening,RSP)对疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:在拉应力载荷状态下,残余压应力依然发生松弛现象。疲劳载荷水平对喷丸TC4钛合金残余压应力场(CRSF)的松弛速率、松弛程度和松弛范围具有重要影响。高周疲劳(HCF)过程中残余应力松弛主要发生在近表层0~30μm,松弛速率较慢。低周疲劳(LCF)过程中残余应力松弛发生在0~80μm,范围更大,速率更快。RSP周期对于TC4钛合金的疲劳寿命也具有较大影响。在25%和50%初始喷丸疲劳寿命进行RSP处理会显著提高疲劳寿命,而在75%初始喷丸疲劳寿命处进行RSP处理对于疲劳寿命基本没有影响。此外,RSP的强化效果与疲劳载荷水平相关,对于高周疲劳寿命提高明显。     

高周疲劳和低周疲劳统一的能量表征方法研究

对高周疲劳和低周疲劳寿命预测模型进行了研究,提出了一种能够将高周疲劳和低周疲劳统一表征的能量形式参量.用统一的能量形式表征参量对高温合金GH141的760℃高周疲劳和低周疲劳数据进行处理,得到理想的能量-寿命方程.用1Cr11Ni2W2MoV钢500℃和粉末盘材料FGH95的600℃高温低周疲劳和高周疲劳数据对统一表征方法进行验证,验证结果表明,用能量形式的表征参量能够得到理想的能量-寿命方程.     

基于单轴缺口试样的一种低周疲劳测试方法与应用

对于漏斗式小曲率半径的缺口圆棒与缺口薄片试样提出了一种采用轴向测量应变的低周疲劳测试方法.通过有限元分析建立小曲率半径的漏斗式缺口圆棒或薄片试样的轴向测试应变到缺口根部Tresca等效应变的应变转换模型,并由疲劳损伤等效假设建立基于缺口试样疲劳实验数据的材料低周疲劳寿命估算模型;完成了大曲率半径漏斗光滑试样和小曲率半径缺口试样的Ti-4Al-2V合金低周疲劳试验,基于缺口试样的疲劳试验所建立的材料低周疲劳寿命估算模型与基于大曲率半径漏斗试样的低周疲劳寿命估算模型有良好的符合度.新方法也方便应用于N18锫合金缺口薄片试样的材料高温单轴低周疲劳行为试验研究,可推荐于材料低周疲劳测试规范修订采用.文中获得的Ti-4Al-2V合金和N18锆合金的不同温度下单轴低周疲劳行为试验数据与寿命估算模型有宜于工程应用.     

表面处理对Ti-6-22-22合金高温疲劳寿命的影响

采用喷丸和离子注入对Ti-6-22-22合金机械加工样品进行表面处理,研究表面处理对Ti-6-22-22合金室温和高温疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明,喷丸和离子注入对材料疲劳S-N曲线的影响与实验温度有关.喷丸和离子注入对Ti-6-22-22合金的室温疲劳强度影响较小,400℃时的疲劳强度明显提高.SEM断口分析显示,400℃长寿命疲劳后的表面处理样品裂纹在亚表面萌生.     

2024铝合金喷丸试件疲劳寿命试验及仿真研究

现有的喷丸材料疲劳性能研究扩展有限元模型没有考虑残余应力对裂纹扩展的影响。对2024铝合金的喷丸与未喷丸试样进行三弯疲劳试验,以明确喷丸工艺对试件疲劳寿命的强化作用。通过ABAQUS建立试件的二维平面应力模型,导入残余应力并利用扩展有限元法模拟循环载荷下裂纹的萌生与扩展,对比试验结果来验证该扩展有限元数值模型的正确性。最后基于该数值模型,改变载荷工况,研究不同载荷工况下残余应力对疲劳寿命的影响,得到喷丸残余应力强化作用与载荷工况的关系。结果表明:喷丸引入的残余应力可以有效地增强试件的疲劳寿命;过大的循环载荷可能造成喷丸残余应力发生松弛;在最大载荷不变的前提下,应力比越小,试件疲劳寿命越短;应力比越大,残余应力对疲劳寿命强化效果越明显。     

热障涂层对K417G合金高温低周疲劳行为的影响

研究了涂覆热障涂层的K417G合金800℃下由应变控制的高温低周疲劳行为,并对其循环应力-应变数据和应变-疲劳寿命数据进行了分析,给出了涂覆热障涂层K417G合金的高温应变疲劳参数。结果表明:K417G合金无涂层和涂覆热障涂层状态下的低周疲劳均属于应力疲劳,以弹性损伤为主;总应变幅较大时,涂覆热障涂层的K417G合金低周疲劳寿命稍优于无涂层的K417G合金。疲劳试样断口的微观分析表明:热障涂层对K417G合金低周疲劳裂纹萌生方式无明显影响;疲劳裂纹通常萌生于疲劳试样的表面或近表面,表现为穿晶扩展。     

喷丸强化对S280新型超高强度不锈钢疲劳性能的影响

为了研究适宜S280新型超高强度不锈钢的喷丸强化工艺,对S280钢进行不同工艺的喷丸强化,分析了S280钢及其不同工艺喷丸强化后的试样的表面形貌、粗糙度、旋转弯曲疲劳寿命以及疲劳断口形貌,测定了喷丸强化试样的残余应力场.结果表明:喷丸强化后S280钢疲劳寿命有了显著的提高,而大强度的铸钢丸喷丸对其疲劳寿命提高更为有利;喷丸前后的S280钢的疲劳裂纹源均在表面,但喷丸强化使疲劳裂纹由多源变为单源.     

高温对核电工程材料低循环行为的影响研究

对核电工程材料（钛合金T42NG与T225NG和主螺栓材料18Cr2NiWA)开展了室温与350度高温下的低周疲劳性能试验研究,获得了各材料单调R－O本构模型和M－C寿命估算模型,基于这些模型,研究了材料的循环强化与软化规律,了温度系数λσ,λΔσ,和λNf对钛合金静强度,循环强度和低周疲劳规律的影响效应;根据温度对寿命的影响系数λNf与应变幅Δε/2呈线性规律的重要发现,提出了考虑温度效应的用于高温低周疲劳寿命估算的λ－M－C模型,进而总结出一种现行方法更简便的高温疲劳试验方法。     

Aluminium powder metallurgy technology for high-strength applications

A literature survey of aluminium powder metallurgy (PM) for high-strength applications was undertaken. Improvements in aluminium—base alloys made via ingot metallurgy (IM) are reaching the point of diminishing returns. PM offers an alternative technology, capable of producing alloys having improved fatigue, corrosion, and stress-corrosion resistance, as well as improved strength and toughness at room or elevated temperatures. The steps involved in powder metallurgy: powder manufacture, powder processing, de-gassing, and consolidation, are described. The merits and deficiencies of the various processes for each step are compared. The key to successful application of Al powder metallurgy alloys appears to be the de-gassing and consolidation of the powder. The properties of several new PM alloys are compared, with particular emphasis on highstrength, corrosion-resistant alloys and alloys developed for use at elevated temperatures.     

Low cycle fatigue life prediction in shot‐peened components of different geometries – part II: life prediction

This study investigates the effects of shot peening on the low‐cycle fatigue performance of a low‐pressure steam turbine blade material. The finite element model incorporating shot‐peening effects, which has been introduced in part I, has been used to predict the stabilised stress/strain state in shot‐peened samples during fatigue loading. The application of this model has been extended to different notched geometries in this study. Based on the modelling results, both the Smith–Watson–Topper and Fatemi–Socie critical plane fatigue criteria have been used to predict the fatigue life of shot‐peened samples (treated with two different peening intensities) with varying notched geometries. A good agreement between experiments and predictions was obtained. The application of a critical distance method considering the stress and strain hardening gradients near the shot‐peened surface has been found to improve the life prediction results. The effects of surface defects on the accuracy of life predictions using the proposed method were also discussed.     

A STUDY OF FATIGUE AND CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF FOUR HIGH TEMPERATURE SOLDERS

Creep and cyclic deformation behavior of two lead-free high temperature solder alloys, 95Sn-5Ag and 99Sn-1.0Cu, a high lead alloy 97.SPb-1.SAg-1.0Sn, and an Ag-modified eutectic alloy 62.SSn-36.1Pb-1.4Ag, were studied. Room temperature and high (100°C and 150°C) temperature fatigue tests (with cyclic strain amplitude up to 6.0%) for the four solders were conducted, with the fatigue lives ranging from a few cycles to more than 100,000 cycles. It is shown that among the alloys studied, 62.SSn-36.1Pb-1.4Ag (the modified Sn-Pb eutectic alloy) has the lowest fatigue resistance in term of low cycle fatigue life (strain controlled). The high lead alloy, 97.SPb-1.5Ag-1.0Sn, has the highest strain fatigue resistance in the large strain region (Δ > 2.0%). Temperature has a significant effect on alloys 95Sn-5Ag and 99Sn-1.0Cu, but has a negligible effect on the Ag modified Sn-Pb eutectic alloy 62.5Sn-36.1Pb-1.4Ag and 97.5Pb-1.5Ag-1.0Sn. Creep studies show that these alloys generally have a very significant primary creep regime (up to 20%); thus, any realistic constitutive relation has to take such a primary creep phase into consideration. Cyclic deformation of alloy 95Sn-SAg was simulated by using a constitutive relation built upon a 2-cell model, which covers both primary and secondary creep. This model provides a good estimate of the peak stresses (the minimum stress and the maximum stress in each cycle); it agrees with experimental results when the applied cyclic strain is small and/or the applied strain rate is very low.     

Improvement of fatigue properties by shot peening for Mg-10Gd-3Y alloys under different conditions

In the present study we investigated the influence of shot peening on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) performance of the Mg-10Gd-3Y magnesium alloys in four different conditions referred to as-cast, cast-T6, as-extruded and extruded-T5, respectively. The results show that shot peening can cause different degree of enhancement of fatigue performance for Mg-10Gd-3Y alloys depending on the Almen peening intensity applied; and that the Almen intensity could always be found that conferred the optimum improvement. The effect of shot peening was quantified, and for the as-extruded and extruded-T5 alloys it was found to be superior to that for the as-cast and cast-T6 alloys. The peened extruded-T5 Mg-10Gd-3Y alloy showed the highest fatigue strength at 10⁷ cycles of 240 MPa. The results of the analyses established a connection between the grain size, ductility and precipitates within the studied alloys. Microstructure affected the magnitude of the surface roughness induced by shot peening and also the maximum compressive residual stress and its relaxation during fatigue, and then determine the beneficial effect of shot peening.     

Low-cycle fatigue properties of eutectic solders at high temperatures

This paper details the deformation mechanism and low‐cycle fatigue life of eutectic solder alloys at high temperature (around 0.8T_m). Grain boundary sliding generally nucleates a wedge‐type cavity that reduces the low‐cycle fatigue life of metals. In this study, grain boundary sliding has promoted intergranular failure contributing to the reduction in fatigue life of Sn–Ag–Cu alloy. However, grain boundary sliding has exerted no deleterious effects on fatigue resistance of eutectic Pb–Sn and Bi–Sn alloys. The phase boundary sliding with very fine microstructure induces exceptional ductility in these alloys leading to superior low‐cycle fatigue endurance for theses eutectic Pb–Sn and Bi–Sn alloys.     

CONSTANT AMPLITUDE AND POST-OVERLOAD FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR IN PM ALUMINUM ALLOY AA 8009

Abstract— The fatigue crack growth behavior of a recently developed, rapidly solidified, powder metallurgy, dispersion strengthened aluminum alloy, AA 8009, was studied at room temperature in laboratory air. Constant amplitude/constant Δ K and single spike overload conditions were examined. Alloy 8009 exhibited high fatigue crack growth rates and low closure levels in comparison to typical ingot processed aluminum alloys. It was proposed that minimal crack roughness and crack path deflection, along with limited slip reversibility, resulting from the ultra-fine microstructure were responsible for the relatively poor (versus ingot processed aluminum alloys) d a /d N versus Δ K performance of AA 8009.     

Fatigue of sintered steels (Fe-1.5 Mo-3 Mn-0.7 C)

The powder metallurgy process is ideally suited to the mass production of structural parts of complicated shape and with tight tolerances without appreciable loss of material. Because of its unique attributes such as reducing weight and production cost, powder metallurgy has made very significant in roads as a substitution technology in automotive parts, such as cams and gears in this process, we can improve the mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance of PM materials by changing of manufacturing parameters, for example, density, sintering temperature, sintering time, etc. In this research, the fatigue behaviour of sintered steel (Fe-1.5 Mo-3 Mn-0.7 C) was investigated with varying of density and sintering temperature. The results showed that in this steel, increase of porosity plays an important role in the fatigue limit of specimens also with sintering at high temperature which results in more spherical pores, the fatigue strength was improved. In this research, SEM fractography was also used to determine the mechanism of fatigue fracture.     

Enhancing the high cycle fatigue life of high strength aluminum alloys for aerospace applications

Hard anodized (HA) and micro arc oxidation (MAO) coatings of identical thickness were deposited on two different high strength aluminum (Al) alloys namely, 2024‐T3 and 7075‐T6. Further, as received Al alloys were also subjected to shot peening (SP) to induce subsurface compressive residual stresses followed by the MAO coating deposition (SP + MAO). The average velocity of particle‐in‐flight during the SP process was measured and utilized to calculate the kinetic energy of the peening particles. The bare and coated alloys were subjected to completely reversed stress (R = ?1) rotating beam high cycle fatigue tests at five different stress levels. In addition, the bare and coated alloys were also evaluated for their tensile properties, elemental composition, phase constituents, surface, and cross‐sectional morphologies including the surface roughness (Ra, Rz) and correlated the same with the corresponding fatigue behavior. Irrespective of substrate alloy composition and stress levels investigated, the duplex SP + MAO treatment resulted in significant fatigue life enhancement over and above the fatigue life of corresponding bare (not shot peened) Al alloy, while the hard anodized and plain MAO (both without prior shot peening) continue to exhibit significant fatigue debit. Driven by the compressive residual stresses present beneath the subsurface region of SP + MAO coating interface, fractured surface examination of SP + MAO coatings clearly highlights the crack‐branching associated multiple crack deflection as the predominant operative mechanism responsible for diminishing the crack growth rate and therefore enhance the fatigue life as compared with the near linear crack extension without significant deflections leading to relative premature failure of plain MAO coated alloys.     

An eigenstrain-based finite element model and the evolution of shot peening residual stresses during fatigue of GW103 magnesium alloy

Magnesium alloy GW103 samples were heat treated to different ageing conditions and then shot peened using process parameters that deliver optimized high cycle fatigue (HCF) life. Significant HCF life improvements were observed in all samples, with a peak-aged sample showing the biggest increase. In order to simulate the effect and evolution of residual stresses during low cycle fatigue (LCF), a Finite Element (FE) model was employed, taking into account both the shot-peening-induced plastic strains and the influence of hardening on subsequent deformation. Experimental and modelling results offer a basis for explaining the observed fatigue performance improvement due to shot peening.