流域水环境集成规划刍议

本文从从环境规划方法学的历史演变入手，系统阐述了流域水环境集成规划产生的背景，基本概念，目标体系与路线，初步建立了流域水环境集成规划的理论框架，为我国流域水环境规划与管理开拓了新的思路。     

基于低冲击开发理念的城市水系统规划研究

低冲击开发是一种让渡自然、遵循自然规律的发展理念,其目的在于提供一种城市与自然和谐相处的发展模式。本文回顾了城市水系统发展历程,分析了现状存在的问题,探讨了问题产生的根源,并且将低冲击开发理念与城市水系统体系规划相融合,提出了城市水系统生态规划模式及工作框架,分析了城市水系统规划方略的组成主体,为解决当前城市发展面临的水危机问题,提供一种新的思路。     

基于ET的水资源与水环境综合规划研究（Ⅱ）- 模型

本文根据基于ET的区域水资源综合规划的理念、研究框架、目标及调控体系,构建了基于ET的区域水资源与水环境综合模拟模型（WQQCM）,该模型由分布式水文SWAT模型、人工水平衡AWB模型及分布式地下水MODFLOW模型耦合而成,实现地表水和地下水、天然水循环和人工水循环、水量和水质联合模拟,作为区域水资源与水环境综合规划的工具。本文以天津市为例对模型从地表水径流、地表水水质、地下水以及模型模拟ET结果等方面进行了校验,校验结果表明模型可支撑不同节水、水资源配置、点源和非点源水污染控制、水生态修复规划方案的情景模拟,为区域水资源与水环境规划提供数据支撑。     

水资源适应性利用理论及其在治水实践中的应用前景

水系统受气候变化和人类活动的影响,一直在不断地变化,因此水资源的开发利用也应适应这种变化,而不能按照固定的控制阈值或约束条件来进行。当然,也不是被动的、随意的去适应。在对水系统及其与环境变化关系剖析的基础上,分析了水资源适应性利用的原理与模式;基于对环境变化下水资源适应性利用机理的认识,提出水资源适应性利用理论的框架体系,阐述了其基本理念和关键内容;基于对我国现代治水实践的分析,分析了其暗含的水资源适应性利用理论的内容,以及我国治水实践中存在的问题及应用水资源适应性利用理论解决这些问题的可能途径。研究认为,水资源适应性利用理论对水资源合理开发、综合利用、科学管理具有重要的指导作用,为环境变化下水资源利用研究与实践奠定理论基础。     

增城市绿道规划与创新性实践

正绿道是经规划、设计、管理的线性网络用地系统,具有生态、娱乐、文化和审美等多种功能。西方国家自20世纪90年代以来就广泛开展绿道的规划建设运动,而国内的绿道规划及建设实践活动起步较晚,理论研究尚处于摸索阶段,对"绿道"内涵理解存在片面性、单一性。增城市是广东省县域经济的领跑者,本文旨在通过对增城绿道的规划与建设实践进行总结,探讨如何将源自国外的绿道规划更好地整合到我国的城乡规划建设体系中,使其更好地服务于我国的城市发展建设。     

循环经济理念下的水资源管理模式研究

对循环经济理念的水资源管理及文献进行了综述,阐述了循环经济的基本概念、理论及相关的实践.最后,对于循环经济在水资源管理方面的运用进行了相关研究.     

生态水利与城市水资源科学配置

在综述了国内外有关生态水利研究的基础上，对生态水利的内涵、理论框架及实践原则进行了分析和阐述。对城市水资源的配置进行了分析，认为要把生态水利的发展观充分渗透到城市水资源配置的规划、设计、实施、管理各个层面，提出了基于生态水利思想的城市水资源科学配置的理论框架。     

经营城市理念与实践对流域综合治理的启示

经营城市理念旨在以城市资源的整合、挖掘与价值发现、价值实现为主线,实现资源配置在容量、结构和秩序上的最大化和最优化,提升城市价值和综合竞争力。文章在分析经营城市概念及内涵的基础上,以山东省青岛市、江苏省苏州市等城市为例,研究了经营城市理念实践的不同模式和特点,从运用经营城市的市场化理念、增强规划统筹和约束功能、借力重大战略协同效应、鼓励因地制宜、注重部门协同合力、开展流域综合治理市场化探索相关理论研究、加强流域综合治理市场化试点成效跟踪及总结等方面,提出了运用市场化方式实施流域综合治理的启示。     

基于循环经济理念的水资源可持续利用策略

循环经济是人类经济发展模式的必然选择,环境和资源是循环经济的核心。进入21世纪,随着人口的快速增长,科学技术的迅速进步,经济活动的飞速发展,对环境产生的负荷也在同步增长,同时资源的有限性更明显、更迫切地显现出来。水资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。循环经济观即是实现人口、资源与环境可持续发展的必要途径,也是水资源新战略的重要理论依据。辽宁省是水资源严重短缺的省份,供需矛盾突出,本文以辽宁省为例,探讨了基于循环经济理念的水资源可持续利用策略。阐述了循环经济的基本概念,论述了辽宁省水资源状况,从可持续发展的需求出发,以循环经济的理念创新思维,提出了水资源可持续利用战略与措施。     

城市水资源可持续利用的系统调控研究——以南京市为例

从当前城市水资源可持续利用的结构性问题入手,应用现代系统理论,探讨了对水资源可持续利用进行系统调控的方法与思路,初步构建了包括行为系统、支持系统、约束系统和决策系统四大子系统的水资源可持续利用调控框架体系,并以南京市为例,论述了该调控系统的运行机制与实现途径,以期为全面推进城市水资源的可持续利用提供有益的思路与行动框架。     

Integrated watershed management: A planning methodology for construction of new dams in Ethiopia

Integrated watershed management (IWM) is emerging as an alternative to the centrally planned and sectoral approaches that currently characterize the planning process for dam construction in Ethiopia. This report clarifies the concept of IWM, and reviews the major social, environmental and economic problems caused by dams in Ethiopia and elsewhere. Dams are planned from a top‐down perspective in Ethiopia, some people are relocated against their will, haphazard land‐use changes can occur, and soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation can increase. Many communities affected by dam constructions have not been sufficiently recognized or compensated, and environmental protection measures such as land‐use planning and soil and water conservation have not been adopted in watersheds in which construction of dams is occurring. Furthermore, revenues generated from hydropower and water supplies often benefit urban dwellers, or the national economy, at the expense of rural inhabitants in watersheds. Creation of a multistakeholder platform, integration of soft system methodology with hard system tools, and completion of environmental protection measures should be among the major components of an improved planning methodology for construction of new dams in Ethiopia. This translates into an environment wherein science and knowledge can help watershed inhabitants create a diversity of locally appropriate resource management solutions. Effective implementation of environmental policies and strategies could improve the quality of watershed‐based developments. The conclusion is that the IWM approach is a good alternative to effectively address the social, environmental and economic problems associated with planning and constructing new dams in Ethiopia.     

Analysis of scenarios for wastewater and urban drainage systems in Brazil based on an integrated modeling approach.

Brazil is currently facing widespread problems in the urban environment associated with inadequate wastewater and urban drainage systems, particularly for low-income communities. These problems are promoted by the rapid and often unplanned urbanization process in developing cities and are compounded by a lack of funding, absence of planning, ineffective institutional arrangements, and inappropriate policies to provide the framework for integrated wastewater and stormwater management. Because planning for the provision of wastewater and urban drainage systems is a complex task, an integrated-modeling approach is proposed to provide a practical methodology for sanitation and urban drainage planning in Brazilian cities. In the model development, as well as technical aspects, other aspects related to institutional, financial, socio-economic, environmental and public health issues were also taken into account.     

国际水资源保护和管理的最近动态——水与可持续发展

阐述了可持续发展及其要求 ,水在可持续发展中的作用 ,国际关于水资源保护和管理的最近动态。最后提出 ,可持续发展是经济社会以及人口、资源和环境的协调统一 ,应从根本上将“先污染后治理”及“防治污染”改为“避免污染”的战略 ;从传统的整体规划向机能整体性规划发展 ;保护和建立河流系统环境 ;着手研究和解决全球环境问题。     

Implementation of the Alberta Water for Life strategy: strategic partnerships in action.

Alberta's Water for Life Strategy was introduced in 2003 with three main goals: safe, secure drinking water supply; healthy aquatic ecosystems; and, reliable, quality water supplies for a sustainable economy. The strategy establishes a framework of partnerships within the province that are charged with stakeholder consultation, integrated watershed planning, policy recommendations and implementation of a broad range of initiatives within this diverse prairie ecosystem. The Government of Alberta has established a framework of partnerships charged with implementation of the strategy: the province-wide Alberta Water Council, watershed planning and advisory councils that work on a basin-wide basis and watershed stewardship groups that deliver on-the-ground programs at the local and community level. The authors discuss the mandate(s) of each partnership group, key actions and deliverables. Examples are provided of specific projects undertaken by each partnership and a summary is provided of lessons learned based on the authors' direct experience over the past five years.     

水利规划环境影响评价指标体系研究

规划环境影响评价是战略层次上的环境影响评价,规划环境影响评价指标体系的建立是规划环境影响评价从理论研究阶段进入可操作的实际应用阶段的重要步骤。建立水利专项规划环境影响指标体系的实质就是建立水利规划环境影响评价的具体评价内容。丈中分析了水利规划环境影响评价指标体系的特点,提出了建立指标体系的基本框架、原则,以我国水资源配置为主的水利规划环境影响评价为背景,提出了具体研究内容。     

基于SD和GM(1,1)模型的西安市污水回用方案研究

以系统动力学原理为基础,利用系统动力学软件(Vensim)构建了西安市污水回用系统动力学模型(SD模型),并结合灰色GM(1,1)模型对市区人口、GDP、城市工业总产值等主要变量进行模拟分析,对不同污水回用发展方案进行了模拟分析预测.结果表明:保证在2020年污水二级处理率达到90％,再生回用率达到45％的发展方案能有效缓解城市缺水状况,逐步改善城市水环境,实现经济与环境的协调发展.     

我国城市综合节水管理框架构建及节水管理现状分析

为了提高城市节水管理的系统性和协调性,提出构建城市综合节水管理框架。利用城市综合节水管理框架理论,通过对政策与规划、管理机构建设和管理手段选择等3个方面的分析,揭示我国节水在管理政策制定、管理协调机制、用水需求控制和非传统水源开发利用方面存在的问题;并提出增强政策关联和配套程度,加强机构的协调配合,建立高效的水需求管理和统筹规划多种水源的建议。     

An Integrated Framework to Evaluate Resilient-Sustainable Urban Drainage Management Plans Using a Combined-adaptive MCDM Technique

Due to the inevitability of urban flood in presence of the rainfalls exceeding design capacity of urban drainage system, resilience approach has been recently considered instead of the conventional urban drainage management. However, acceptance of resilience approach necessitates considering sustainability in the selection of urban drainage projects due to the various aspect of flood impacts. This paper presents a new integrated framework to show how urban drainage plans are resilient and sustainable. The framework consists of several indicators including technical, economic, social, environmental and planning aspects. On the other hand, the selection of suientropy of the probability distribution p _i . In fact, entropy reduces the effect of plan among available suggested plans is complicated in presence of multiplicity of the indicators. A new combined-adaptive multi criteria decision making technique including combination of Adaptive analytical hierarchical process, Entropy and TOPSIS is here introduced to facilitate the decision making process as well as dealing with uncertainties due to the subjective experts’ preferences. Moreover, presented framework are applied on a part of urban drainage system of Tehran, Capital City. Four urban drainage plans are designed and suggested to be evaluated along with existing system in terms of their sustainability and resilience. The results shows the presented framework provide comprehensive information regarding the behavior of the urban drainage plans against urban floods as well as their sustainability for urban managers. In addition, presented framework facilitates and accelerate the complicated process of decision making. Therefore, it can be employed as comprehensive decision support tool for resilient and sustainable urban drainage management.     

厦门市水域生态规划初探

按照"六位一体"的理念,坚持亲水原则、系统性原则、脉原则和立体原则,从水生态、水安全、水健康、水景观、水文化及水经济的角度,对厦门市水域生态进行了系统的研究,提出了"一环、两线、三射、六片"的城市水域生态格局框架。本研究成果可为厦门市生态城市建设提供理论指导。     

云南省区域水资源与社会经济协调发展研究

根据2012年云南省各区域水资源、社会经济发展及城市环境的基础数据,构建"水资源-社会-经济-环境"评价指标体系,以综合指数法分析研究区域水资源与社会经济发展的协调性,旨在为区域水资源的可持续利用和水生态文明建设提供依据。