大豆磷脂超临界CO_2萃取研究

在压力 ２５－３５ ＭＰａ,温度 ３５－５５℃,流量为 ３０ ｋｇ／ｈ萃取条件下,用超临界 ＣＯ２萃取浓缩 磷脂中的油。研究超临界ＣＯ２萃取大豆浓缩磷脂的萃取效率与时间关系,分析萃取压力 和温度对萃取速率的影响。探讨萃取的动力学问题,并实验验证ｙ＊与ｘ关系假想。     

超临界CO2萃取分离植物甾醇的研究

研究了超临界 Ｃ Ｏ２ 萃取分离油脂脱臭馏出物中植物甾醇的工艺条件。结果表明：当萃取温度为 ４０℃～６０℃,压力为 １５ Ｍ Ｐａ～３０ Ｍ Ｐａ 时,植物甾醇纯度达到 ５０％ ～９５％ ,回收率达到８５％ ～４１％ 。     

不同萃取条件对麦胚中天然维生素E的SFE—CO2提取的影响

研究以小麦胚芽为试验材料,利用超临界流体萃取技术从麦胚中提取了天然维生素Ｅ。结果表明：麦胚中天然维生素Ｅ的超临界ＣＯ２适宜萃取条件为萃取压力２８￣３５ＭＰａ、萃取温度４０￣４５℃,ＣＯ２流量２ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,萃取时间９０ｍｉｎ。     

超临界CO2萃取茶油的初步研究

初步研究了用超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取茶油的工艺,探讨了不同时间、压力、温度条件下对茶油提取率的影响。结果表明,当萃取时间３￣４ｈ,压力３５￣４０ＭＰａ,温度４０￣５０℃时,即可获得９０％以上的提取率,且用此法萃取的茶油纯度较好,可以省略油脂的精炼工艺。     

超临界流体萃取番茄籽油的研究

番茄籽油是一种优质的保健植物油，含有较多的必需脂肪酸亚油酸，而且其中天然维生素Ｅ的浓度很高（０．９％左右），比维生素Ｅ之王的小麦胚芽油（０．１％～０．５％）高得多。采用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术从番茄加工副产品番茄籽中提取出番茄籽油。研究了不同的压力、温度、流量和萃取时间对萃取率的影响。当萃取压力在１５ＭＰａ～２５ＭＰａ，温度４０℃～５０℃，流量２０ｋｇ／ｈ，萃取１ｈ～２ｈ，即可将番茄籽中８０％以上的番茄籽油萃取出来。     

大豆粗磷脂的超临界CO_2提纯工艺研究

研究了大豆粗磷脂的超临界ＣＯ２提纯工艺，探讨萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间对萃取率的影响。通过正交试验得到优化工艺条件为：萃取压力２０ＭＰａ，萃取温度５０℃，萃取时间５ｈ。     

超临界CO2萃取大豆磷脂的工艺研究

研究了超临界ＣＯ２萃取大带头旨的工艺,探讨了萃取压力,萃取温度、萃取时间对萃取率的影响。通过正交试验得到优化工艺条件为：萃取压力３０ＭＰａ,萃取温度５０℃,萃取时间６ｈ。     

溶剂萃取技术制备粉状大豆磷脂

以膏状大豆磷脂为原料，用丙酮为溶剂制备了粉状磷脂。对萃取参数进行了优化，研究了洗涤次数，溶剂与膏状磷脂的比，丙酮中水的含量及萃取时的温度对粉状磷脂的纯度的影响。用正交设计优化工的萃取条件。在12℃，洗涤5次，膏状磷脂（g）：溶剂（ml）=30：250，萃取2min可得纯度为98．5％的粉状磷脂。     

超临界CO2纯化辣椒色素的研究

研究了用超临界ＣＯ２流体纯化溶剂法提取辣椒色素的方法．用超临界ＣＯ２流体作萃取剂，从液体或固体物料中实现萃取、分离和纯化物料从而制备高纯度辣椒色素是可行的．使产品符合ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ残留溶剂标准要求（已烷含量２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）的最佳工艺参数是：萃取压力１８ＭＰａ，萃取温度２５℃，萃取剂流量２．０Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，萃取时间３ｈ．     

超临界CO2从大豆粗磷脂中萃取分离磷脂

以大豆粗磷脂为原料,通过超临界CO2萃取进行了提纯磷脂的研究。考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对萃取效果的影响,并通过正交实验对萃取磷脂工艺条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间5.5 h。在最佳条件下,提纯磷脂中丙酮不溶物达98.2%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the