恒温恒湿空调系统的节能研究

从空调风系统、温湿度精度控制及空气处理设备3个方面对恒温恒湿空调系统的节能问题进行了研究.提出利用排风的能量对新风进行预处理、在满足规范要求的前提下适当降低换气次数、对风系统进行全年节能性运行调节等节能措施,以有效降低风系统所需能耗;对系统的温湿度控制策略进行了研究,认为考虑空气处理设备的热湿惰性,有利于降低温湿度补偿所浪费的能源及设备本身的能耗;对加湿器、加热器和表冷器3种空气处理设备的关键节能问题也进行了讨论.     

冷水系统大温差对纺织空调的影响

根据纺织厂空调制冷系统能耗大的特点提出了在冷水系统中利用大温差技术,减少空调输配系统能耗的技术方案,理论分析了冷水大温差技术对车间温湿度、喷水室热交换效率和冷水机组效率的影响;以某空调制冷系统为例,进行了两种不同水温方案的比较,并进行了节能效果分析,结果认为该技术能节约输配能耗,对空调效果没有大的影响.     

棉纺织厂空调节能分析

从空调系统设计、系统运行和空调设备的选型等方面，根据棉纺织厂空调能耗的特点，提出了在空调设计中应推广采用冷负荷系数法计算冷负荷，合理确定温湿度基数、新风负荷，并认真作好冷冻水管的保温；在设备选型中注意选用流体动力式喷水室、蒸发冷却技术和喷雾轴流风机等有关降低空调能耗的节能措施。     

纺织厂空调的节能设计与节能运行

探讨了纺织厂空调的节能设计和节能运行,通过合理运用除尘风作为前纺空调的二次回风、细纱工艺排风作为筒子空调的一次回风、增强空调室热湿交换的设计及合理的喷嘴布置、水泵流量配置等节能方案;运用变频调速、双速电机、新型节能设备等节能新技术新设备;在严格执行节能操作、节能调节、分时段调整送风机转速、停开空调室的节能运行情况下,纺织厂空调的节能设计和节能运行达到了节约能耗、降低生产成本的目的。     

基于能耗监测系统的某织布车间空调能耗分析

对西安某纺织厂织布车间空调系统的估算能耗和实际运行监测能耗进行对比,在此基础上,从控制区域温湿度和风机水泵运行稳定性角度进一步分析了实际运行情况,并提出了优化节能措施。结果表明:织布车间在使用大小环境分区空调系统时,存在大小环境温湿度耦合效果不理想的情况;相同的空调系统在相同的室外参数和室内参数条件下,耗电量和实际运行情况均不相同,说明优化空调系统的运行状态可以节能。     

温湿度独立控制空调技术在细纱车间的应用

为解决细纱车间存在的能量消耗过大的问题,介绍温湿度独立控制控调系统,包括显热和潜热的处理系统;温湿度独立控制空调加置换通风技术的原理,及溶液置换通风空调系统运行原理。根据细纱车间空调现有的问题,探讨了该技术应用于细纱车间空调的途径。以细纱车间空调应用为例,利用焓湿图对该技术应用前后的空气调节过程进行对比与能耗分析。结果表明,使用带置换通风的温湿度独立控制空调系统不仅能满足生产工艺要求,而且节省了大约68%的冷负荷。     

涤纶车间空调节电的途径

指出了降低企业空调系统电能损耗的途径,包括:合理取风、选择经济的空调温湿度、合理配套设备和科学管理及隔热保冷等,并分别讨论了有关的降耗措施和方法。     

干式冷却技术在卷烟空调节能中的应用探讨

为了解决目前卷烟厂空调系统在夏季运行时出现的冷热空气处理设备同时运行的问题,在卷烟厂空调系统中采用了干式冷却技术,可简化空气处理过程,避免冷热空气处理设备同时运行.通过对两种方式下的运行工况进行分析和计算,结果表明:采用干式冷却技术理论上可节省空调系统54.7%供冷量,且不需加热和加湿,同时降低水泵运行功耗和冷水机组供冷量.     

纺织空调自动化控制系统的应用

为了降低空调能耗,节省用工,介绍了纺织空调系统技术的管理现状以及智慧型空调自控系统及使用效果.指出,采用空调自动化控制系统取代人工调节,可满足车间恒温恒湿工艺要求,节约用电约20％;空调自动化控制系统实现了直观控制全厂的温湿度状况,方便进行微量调节,操作简单,及时准确,缓解了空调能源消耗的压力.     

调整空调系统工作状态的节能降耗措施

文章根据气候变化,及时、合理地调节空调系统的工作状态,设置适宜的车间温湿度控制线和空调系统送风参数。在满足车间换风次数基本要求、保证员工健康安全的生产环境、符合生产工艺基本条件的前提下,尽可能地降低空调系统的送风量和用水量,是降低空调系统能耗的重要措施之一。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press