高炉镍铁渣粉在水泥基复合胶凝材料中的水化特性研究

通过对不同高炉镍铁渣掺量的水泥-高炉镍铁渣粉复合胶凝材料水化放热速率、高炉镍铁渣粉的反应程度、硬化浆体化学结合水含量以及水化产物中C-S-H凝胶Ca/Si的测定,分别研究了水泥-高炉镍铁渣粉复合胶凝材料的早期、中长期水化进程、浆体微观形貌以及水化产物特点等水化特性.研究结果表明:高炉镍铁渣的掺入会降低水化放热速率,并推迟水化加速期放热峰的出现时间;在复合胶凝体系中,随着高炉镍铁渣粉掺量的增大,其反应程度和硬化浆体中化学结合水含量将降低.复合胶凝材料水化生成的C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si低于水泥,且随着水化的进行呈降低趋势;高炉镍铁渣粉中的Al,在水化过程中会取代部分Si进入C-S-H凝胶中,形成C-A-S-H凝胶.     

镍铁渣粉磨性能及助磨剂对其助磨效果的研究

研究了粉磨时间对原镍铁渣和除铁镍铁渣细度的影响,并对不同细度的除铁镍铁渣微粉进行活性测试,确定了除铁镍铁渣的最佳粉磨细度;分别选用三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、二乙醇单异丙醇胺、乙二醇、木质素磺酸钙以及HY复合助磨剂,研究了不同助磨剂对除铁镍铁渣的助磨效果,并利用XRD、SEM等方法对试样进行分析。研究结果表明：HY复合助磨剂助磨效果明显优于单组分助磨剂,可显著提高镍铁渣微粉的细度、比表面积和活性,改善镍铁渣微粉的颗粒分布,并对镍铁渣微粉-水泥复合胶凝材料体系的凝结时间、安定性等物理性能无不良影响。     

不同激发剂对钢渣活性影响的研究

本文选用水玻璃、氢氧化钠、硫酸钠、硅灰、铝酸钠以及复合激发剂,系统研究了不同类别激发剂对钢渣活性的影响和激发机理.利用SEM和XRD对不同激发剂制备的钢渣胶凝材料水化产物进行了微观表征和矿物相分析,比较了不同龄期活性激发钢渣胶凝材料的抗压强度.结果表明:激发剂能促使钢渣水化产物中水化硅酸钙凝 胶含量增加,促进钙矾石晶体生成,破坏钢渣中玻璃体网络结构,增大钢渣水化浆体的密实度.硅灰作为激发剂对钢渣活性的激发效果最好,制备的水泥试块28 d抗压强度能达15.9 MPa.     

煤矸石胶凝材料的试验研究

采用煤矸石活化料、矿渣和熟料作为主要原料,外掺复合激发剂来制备煤矸石胶凝材料。研究了煤矸石活化料掺量、石膏掺量以及激发剂对煤矸石胶凝材料性能的影响;并借助XRD和SEM分析了其水化机理。试验结果表明:煤矸石活化料掺量为60%时,煤矸石充填胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了15.2 MPa、22.8 MPa和35.5 MPa;石膏掺量为4%时,煤矸石充填胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了15.7 MPa、24.4 MPa和37.8 MPa;复合激发剂最佳掺量为5%,煤矸石充填胶凝材料的3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度分别达到了27.5 MPa、35.4 MPa和55.4 MPa。     

不同激发剂对钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能影响的研究

通过往钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料中掺加不同掺量的减水剂、硫酸钠和水泥,研究不同激发剂不同掺量对其力学性能的影响及影响机理,并确定各激发剂的不同掺量,以达到提高力学性能的目的。分析研究表明,当减水剂掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为1.48MPa和5.75MPa;当硫酸钠掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为2.54MPa和9.61MPa;当水泥掺量为10%时力学性能较好,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为,6.31MPa和18.75MPa。     

镍铁渣地质聚合物的制备及其性能研究*

以镍铁渣为主要原料,通过碱激发制备了地质聚合物胶凝材料。采用正交试验研究了工艺参数对地质聚合物抗压强度的影响,研究结果表明:在水玻璃模数为2.4、碱性激发剂掺量为12%和水灰比为0.28时,制备的地质聚合物28 d抗压强度高达97.62MPa,并且具有良好的耐久性。由XRD可知,镍铁渣地质聚合物中有无定型硅铝酸盐相生成,表明发生了水化反应。FTIR表明,生成了Si-O-T(Si,Al)和Al-O-Si三维网络结构。SEM微观形貌分析显示,所制备镍铁渣地质聚合物的孔隙率较低,结构致密。     

激发剂对蒸养水泥一粉煤灰胶凝材料性能的影响

通过测定不同龄期净浆化学结合水量和抗压强度,并结合SEM,研究了在蒸养条件下激发剂对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。结果表明：蒸养条件及激发剂提高了水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化速度与粉煤灰的活性。     

氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发剂对碱激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响

采用氢氧化钾调节钠水玻璃模数制备复合碱激发剂,以钠水玻璃模数、碱掺量为变量,分析氢氧化钾对钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的影响,研究氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料在流动度、凝结时间及抗压强度等方面的变化规律。结果表明,氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃复合激发剂的激发效果优于单一钠水玻璃激发剂。当钠水玻璃模数为1.2、碱掺量为8%(质量分数)时,氢氧化钾-钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料流动度可达240 mm,7 d、28 d抗压强度可达98.88 MPa和104.59 MPa,比同等条件下的钠水玻璃激发矿渣胶凝材料7 d、28 d抗压强度分别提高了16.7%和22.9%。     

鞍钢全尾砂充填胶凝材料配方正交试验研究

通过对鞍钢水淬矿渣进行化学分析,得到其质量系数为1.797,且矿渣质量好。以水泥熟料、脱硫石膏和工业芒硝为复合盐基激发剂,以鞍钢水淬矿渣微粉为主要胶凝活性材料,开展充填胶凝材料配方的优化正交试验。试验结果表明,对28d养护龄期充填体抗压强度影响程度从大到小的顺序是:水泥熟料、工业芒硝、脱硫石膏。通过激发剂掺量配比优化试验和极差及影响分析、试验验证,得到的全尾砂胶凝材料配方的最优配比是:脱硫石膏11%、水泥熟料4%、工业芒硝1%、矿渣微粉84%;验证试验得到其胶结充填体28d强度为3.68 MPa,为水泥胶结强度的1.58倍。     

脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料基胶砂试验研究

脱硫石膏和粉煤灰混合后,在水泥、石灰、复合激发剂的作用下,可制备成一种新型复合胶凝材料。通过试验,在对水泥、激发剂及其最佳掺量的优选的基础上确立复合胶凝材料基本比例关系。结果表明,脱硫石膏与粉煤灰的最佳配比为2：3;水泥掺量对复合胶凝材料基胶砂强度影响明显,强度随水泥用量增加而增大;适宜用量的激发剂有助于提升强度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。