双电测组合法测试半导体电阻率的研究

对双电测组合四探针法测试方块电阻(Rs)和体电阻率(ρ)进行了研究,从理论和实践上揭示三种组合模式的共同优点:测量结果与探针间距无关,可使用不等距探针头;具有自动修正边界影响的功能,不必寻找修正因子;不移动探针头即可得知均匀性.推导出用于体电阻率时的厚度函数.论述了Rs、ρ、大小样片及边界附近的测试原理,给出了Rs和ρ的计算公式.     

再谈经典四探针测试方法中圆片边界修正系数

介绍经典法直排四探针测量电阻率或薄层电阻时，圆片边界修正系数的计算公式、计算程序和修正系数表。     

三,四探针测试双极电路外延层电阻率的分析

在双极电路生产中,总希望在正片上较为准确地测定外延层的电阻率.一般说来,三探针测试适用于N/N~+、P/P~+型结构的外延层的电阻率的测试;四探针适用于N/P型结构的外延层的电阻率测试.双极电路所使用的外延片,在外延之前已作有局部埋层,这就不能完好地满足三、四探针的测试条件,如果用三、四探针测试这类外延片的电阻率,总会产生不同程度的误差.     

双位组合四探针法测量硅片电阻率

本文研究用双位组合四探针测量硅材料薄片电阻率的新技术，提出新的计算公式和厚度修正原理。用双位组合法测量不同厚度硅样品所得结果与常规四探针法测得的结果相比较表明，用双位组合法测量较厚（Ｗ／Ｓ＞０．６）样品时，非但不能直接套用常规的厚度计算方法，而且还必须采取新的厚度修正。本文给出两种双位组合法的计算公式，分析新的厚度修正原理，给出测试结果，得出相应结论。     

多芯片组件（MCM）测试方法的研究

本文论述多芯片组件(MCM)的测试问题。由于多芯片组件在技术上的特殊性,传统的IC、PCB测试方法已不能适应MCM的测试需求。本文分析了MCM测试中存在的问题,并且根据MCM测试的特殊要求,分析了几种测试方法。膜片(membrane)探针卡较适合于裸片的测试;衬底测试效果较理想的方法是探针测试及电子束测试;封装后的MCM测试可采用探针测试和边界扫描方法。     

无测试图形薄层电阻测试仪及探针定位

研制出检测ULSI芯片的薄层电阻测试仪,可用于测试无图形样片电阻率的均匀性,用斜置的方形四探针法,经显微镜、摄像头及通信口接入计算机,从计算机显示器观察,用程序及伺服电机控制平台和探针移动,使探针处于规定的位置,实现自动调整、测试;对测试系统中的探针游移造成的定位误差进行分析,推导出探针游移产生误差的计算公式,绘制了理论及实测误差分布图;测出无图形100mm样品电阻率,并绘制成等值线Mapping图.     

无测试图形薄层电阻测试仪及探针定位

研制出检测U L SI芯片的薄层电阻测试仪,可用于测试无图形样片电阻率的均匀性,用斜置的方形四探针法,经显微镜、摄像头及通信口接入计算机,从计算机显示器观察,用程序及伺服电机控制平台和探针移动,使探针处于规定的位置,实现自动调整、测试;对测试系统中的探针游移造成的定位误差进行分析,推导出探针游移产生误差的计算公式,绘制了理论及实测误差分布图;测出无图形10 0 m m样品电阻率,并绘制成等值线Mapping图.     

Φ52mm×1.8mm薄园片锗单晶电阻率的测试

文章对Φ52mm×1.8mm薄园片锗单晶的电阻率进行测试,通过引入锗园片的厚度修正系数和直径修正系数,得到锗园片中心电阻率是23.51Ω.cm,园片边缘为27.16Ω.cm,不均匀性15.53%,提高了电阻率测定的准确性。     

四探针技术测量薄层电阻的原理及应用

对四探针技术测试薄层电阻的原理进行了综述,重点分析了常规直线四探针法、改进范德堡法和斜置式方形Rymaszewski法的测试原理,并应用斜置式Rymaszewski法研制成新型的四探针测试仪,利用该仪器对样品进行了微区(300μm×300μm)薄层电阻测量,做出了样品的电阻率等值线图,为提高晶锭的质量提供了重要参考.     

斜置式方形探针测量单晶断面电阻率分布mapping技术

介绍了一种应用斜置式方形探针测量单晶断面电阻率的测试方法,将Rymaszewski直线探针测试方法引入到方形探针测试,并对测试过程中产生的游移以及图像监控问题进行了讨论.应用此测试方法得到了75mm的全片电阻率分布的mapping图,测试结果表明该方法可以在测量区域明显减小的同时保证测量的精确性,是一种行之有效的测量方法.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks