二氧化钛光催化自然水脱色的研究

以125W(Emax=365nm) Hg灯为中心光源,BDH 粉末TiO2为光催化剂,研究了在圆柱状硼硅玻璃反应器中自然水体腐殖酸的光催化脱色。研究涉及的影响因素有:反应液初始浓度,反应液初始pH和催化剂用量,并对光氧化、光催化和催化过程进行了比较。 结果发现光催化是一行之有效的去除水体颜色的方法。在C0=20 mg· L-1, pH=7, TiO2=1g·L-1 实验条件下,经2.5h 的光催化反应,大于95% 的颜色被脱除。增加催化剂用量,降低初始pH,可增加脱除效果。在研究的浓度范围内(C0≤20mg·L-1),光催化氧化脱色遵循准一级动力学方程。     

拟Fenton试剂处理罗丹明B废水的研究

实验研究了拟Fenton试剂氧化降解有机染料罗丹明B的脱色和COD去除情况.研究了初始溶液的pH值、H2O2用量、铸铁屑用量、初始染料浓度等因素对罗丹明B降解进程的影响,确定了方法的优化条件,并讨论了拟Fenton试剂的反应机理.实验结果表明,初始罗丹明B溶液pH值为3.0时,反应速度最快;针对500 mL的200 mg·L-1罗丹明B溶液的降解,30%的H2O2用量为2 mL,铸铁屑用量为0.2 g时,降解效率最好;拟Fenton试剂对高浓度的罗丹明B废水有较好的脱色效果和COD去除率.     

TiO_2光催化氧化降解印染废水的研究

锐钛矿型TiO2为光催化剂,采用高压汞灯为光源对实际印染废水进行了光催化降解的研究,主要探讨了TiO2用量、光照时间、光照强度、溶液初始pH值和H2O2加入浓度等因素对印染废水CODcr去除率和脱色率的影响,找出了最佳的反应条件。结果表明:TiO2光催化氧化对印染废水CODcr和色度具有显著的去除效果,最佳的处理条件为:300W光照,TiO2用量为8g/L,光照时间为120min,初始pH值为1,H2O2加入浓度为3.0mmol/L。     

Yb/TiO2光催化降解染料废水的研究

采用胶-溶凝胶法制备纳米掺镱TiO2光催化剂Yb/TiO2.在紫外灯下照射,对罗丹明B模拟染料废水进行光催化降解研究,优化了光催化的反应条件.结果表明:当掺镱量n(Yb)/n(TiO2)为1.0％,催化剂用量为2g·L-1,溶液pH值为4,光照时间为3h,染料废水的起始浓度为10mg·L-1时,染料废水的降解率可达95.32％.     

UV/TiO2/Fenton体系催化氧化降解罗丹明B的研究

研究在紫外光照射下,Fenton试剂在纳米级TiO2催化作用下氧化降解罗丹明B的处理效果及机理,分别研究初始反应溶液的pH值、反应时间、FeSO4投加量、H2O2溶液投加量、反应温度、TiO2投加量对处理效果的影响,确定了最优反应条件。对于100 mg/L,500 mL的罗丹明B溶液,当TiO2的投加量为0.03g,18mol/L FeSO4的加入量为5 mL,30%H2O2溶液的加入量为1.7 mL,反应溶液pH值为3时,罗丹明B的去除率随着反应温度的升高而升高,最高去除率达100%。     

附着态TiO2光催化降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的研究

采用Sol-Gel法制备TiO2薄膜.以该薄膜为催化剂,研究了在H2O2存在的条件下,对内分泌干扰物质壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的光催化降解反应.分别讨论了pH值、H2O2的加入量、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的初始浓度、光照时间对降解反应的影响.结果表明在pH=5、30 mg·L-1的H2O2中对初始浓度为50 mg·L-1的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚溶液光照4 h,有较好的降解效果.     

TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4的光催化性能及动力学

采用溶胶－凝胶法在表面包覆了SiO2的磁基体Fe3O4上负载TiO2,制备了复合光催化剂TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4。用AFM和XRD等对其进行了表征,并对其光催化降解溴氨酸的pH值、催化剂加入量、初始溶液浓度等条件进行了探讨。结果表明,当pH＝4.0、催化剂用量为2.0 g/L、初始溶液浓度为30 mg/L、光照时间为30 min时,溴氨酸脱色率可达96.2％,COD去除率为85.1％;动力学研究表明：在实验浓度范围内,溴氨酸的光催化降解反应符合一级动力学规律,反应速率常数（k）与初始溶液浓度（c0）的关系为lnk =－0.171lnc0－2.360;经过4次循环使用后,复合光催化剂仍能保持较高的光催化活性和较高的回收率。     

超声波降解罗丹明B的研究

报道了用超声波诱导降解模拟水中低浓度罗丹明B染料废水的可行性实验.实验探讨了频率、功率、初始pH、O2、S2O2-8、TiO2光催化对降解速度的影响.实验结果表明:在功率为100%,频率为59 kHz,低pH,充O2饱和条件下,罗丹明B去除效果较好,在紫外光存在下加入S2O28能加快罗丹明B的降解,在TiO2光催化协同作用下,连续反应100 min,2.5 mg/L的罗丹明B 溶液去除率达88.37%.     

光催化氧化法处理腐殖酸溶液的实验研究

以腐殖酸类物质作为废水中有机物的代表,研究了水体中腐殖酸在纳米TiO2颗粒上的吸附行为及以此为催化剂对水中腐殖酸进行的光催化氧化行为。考察了不同催化剂质量浓度、初始pH值、腐殖酸初始质量浓度等因素对腐殖酸去除率的影响。结果表明:腐殖酸在TiO2颗粒上的平衡吸附量对溶液的初始pH值依赖性很小;初始pH值降低、腐殖酸初始质量浓度减小,均能显著提高腐殖酸的去除率。同时将光催化氧化与单纯紫外线照射的去除率作对比,光催化氧化法明显优于单纯紫外线照射。     

悬浮态TiO2光催化降解萘的方法研究

采用悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在250 W高压汞灯为光源,研究了溶液中萘的光催化降解方法.探讨了不同催化剂用量、不同pH值、不同初始浓度和光照时间对光催化降解效果的影响.结果表明TiO2对水中的萘有较高的光催化活性,在催化剂用量为2%,溶液的pH值为2,萘的初始质量浓度为500mg/L,光照6 h后萘的降解率达80%以上.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。