大鼠侧脑室及其脉络丛室管膜上皮的超微结构观察

采用扫描和透射电子显微镜研究大鼠侧脑室及其脉络丛室管膜上皮的超微结构特征，并探讨其功能。扫描电镜观察结果：侧脑室壁室管膜上皮细胞游离端呈不规则多边形，可见纤毛及微绒毛，偶见分泌泡，脉络丛上皮细胞游离端微绒毛及分泌泡丰富，纤毛光见，可见、丛上细胞”。透射电镜观察发现，侧脑室壁及脉络丛上皮均由单层立方上皮组成，但二类上皮细胞的超微结构明显有别，室管膜上皮表面可见纤毛及微绒毛，分泌泡少见，脉络丛上皮游离端微绒毛丰富，常吻合成迷路样网，微绒毛的顶端膨大，形成微顶浆分泌小泡，胞浆内细胞器丰富，大鼠侧脑室壁及脉络丛上皮超微结构的差异反映二者功能的不同，本研究认为侧脑室脑脊液分泌的主要部位是脉络丛，其分泌的方式除脉络丛上皮细胞的主动运输功能外，可能微顶浆分泌法是侧脑室脑脊液形成的主要方式。     

大鼠中脑水管室管膜上皮的超微结构观察

应用扫描和透射电子显微镜观察研究大鼠中脑水管室管膜的超微结构特征。发现中脑水管壁具有平行走向的纵嵴,腔面被覆单层立方或柱状上皮;上皮细胞游离面可见大量纤毛、微绒毛及分泌泡;细胞核圆形,位于细胞中央;胞浆内细胞器分布具有明显的极性特点。通过超微结构研究,认为大鼠中脑水管不仅单纯是脑脊液引流的通路,而且还具有主动参与脑脊液分泌的功能。     

三角帆蚌中肠上皮细胞的超微结构

三角帆蚌中肠上皮细胞的超微结构王文，杜开和，王韫明（南京师范大学生物系，南京２１００２４）中肠是三角帆蚌主要的消化器官，其上皮细胞的超微结构很特殊。在细胞游离面有许多纤毛和微绒毛，纤毛具很长的纤毛小根，贯穿整个长柱形的上皮细胞内。肠道上皮存在这种纤毛...     

人卵巢粘液性肿瘤来源的再确认

为研究人卵巢粘液性肿瘤上皮细胞的超微结构特征，试图从形态学角度再确认其起源。取人卵巢粘液性肿瘤组织6例及育龄妇女正常宫颈内膜组织3例。按常规透射电镜标本制作方法处理，并用Philips Tecnai10型电镜观察。卵巢粘液性肿瘤上皮为柱状上皮，多数细胞上核区的粘液分泌颗粒丰富。细胞游离面部分微绒毛的微丝形成中心根并深入胞质。上皮表面及微绒毛间可见糖萼，偶见纤毛细胞。少数细胞的形态则类似宫颈管的粘液细胞。结论：虽然卵巢粘液性肿瘤细胞的杯状细胞及微绒毛的中心根与肠上皮细胞的相似，但由于胃、肠上皮并无纤毛细胞，卵巢粘液性肿瘤纤毛细胞及类似宫颈管粘液细胞的出现，提示卵巢粘液性肿瘤是卵巢生发上皮向Miiller氏管化生后，逐渐向胃、肠细胞分化的结果。     

大鼠第三脑室室管膜上巨噬细胞迁移过程的电镜观察

对第三脑室室管膜上巨噬细胞迁移过程进行不同时相的扫描电镜观察,结合透射电镜分析其细胞类型及相应功能。结果示第三脑室内存在室管膜上巨噬细胞,此类细胞胞体呈卵圆形或椭圆形,伸出多个舌状和指状伪足,其迁移的全过程是首先在室管膜表面形成穹窿样隆起,继而推开室管膜上皮细胞间隙,露出胞体,继续向外游走,最后完全游离在脑室腔内。透射电镜下该细胞呈长卵圆形,核大,异染色质多,细胞器较少,具有单核吞噬细胞的形态特征。本文在超微结构水平清晰地观察到第三脑室室管膜上巨噬细胞迁移过程的不同时相,并为进一步探讨其功能提供了超微形态学基础。     

动情期家兔输卵管上皮及其分泌活动的电镜观察

本实验用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了动情期家兔输卵管上皮。证实分泌细胞和纤毛细胞都有分泌功能，共分泌三种分泌物质。本文对这些分泌物质的分泌方式、分泌活动进行了研究和探讨。另外，发现上皮基膜下方始终有一层成纤维细胞形成的胞质膜伴行，据此，对血一输卵管腔屏障的构成亦进行了讨论。     

人胚鼻咽上皮细胞分化的研究Ⅱ——原代培养人胚鼻咽上皮光镜和电镜观察

本文对原代培养人胚鼻咽上皮的移植块和生长晕作原位包埋法,通过光镜和电镜观察,发现原来是假复层纤毛柱状上皮的移植块大多数已发生鳞状上皮化生。在复层上皮细胞的胞浆内含有丰富的胞浆微丝和/或张力原纤维,表层细胞尤为明显,基底细胞的胞浆内除含张力原纤维外,还有丰富的核旦白体及少量扩张的内质网和数量不等的类粘原颗粒。生长晕的单层细胞形态多样,胞浆中多含数量不等的张力原纤维;有的同时还含有稍扩张的内质网和类粘原颗粒,还有少量细胞基质致密、含线粒体丰富的细胞。本文还探讨了鳞状上皮化生可能影响因素,认为:已分化的纤毛柱状细胞不可能直接转向鳞状分化的。基底细胞是具有增殖能力的细胞,只有它或它的子细胞(中间细胞)才具有双向分化的能力,当环境适宜时就向原有     

子宫内膜癌的超微结构研究

对２１例子宫内膜癌进行超微结构观察。其中子宫内膜腺癌１６例,子宫内膜乳头状癌２例,透明细胞癌２例,鳞腺癌１例。子宫内膜腺癌以形成腺腔及微绒毛为特征,随着肿瘤分化程度的降低,癌细胞异型性增加,并出现篮网状核仁。子宫内膜乳头状癌见分支管道状腔及纤毛细胞。透明细胞癌的形态学特点是细胞浆内多量糖原降集。研究显示,子宫内膜癌的主要形态学特征是腺腔形成,同时因保留了其来源于苗勒氏管上皮多方向分化的潜能而分化出纤毛细胞、粘液细胞及鳞状上皮细胞,进而形成不同组织学类型的子宫内膜癌。     

用扫描和透射电镜对肠毒性大肠杆菌定居状态的观察

大肠杆菌是引起人和动物严重腹泻的细菌性病原之一，其中产肠毒性大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenenic Escherichia coli)依靠密布于菌体表面的纤毛粘着素的粘附作用，牢固地定居在小肠上皮细胞上，并在此大量繁殖，同时产生肠毒素刺激小肠上皮细胞大量地分泌水和电解质，从而导致人和动物严重腹泻和脱水。     

兔附睾上皮的免疫组化及超微结构研究

附睾特异性蛋白—1(ESP—1)和—2(ESP—2)是从新西兰家兔附睾尾液中分离出的两种蛋白,对附睾精子的功能性成熟起重要作用。有关这两种蛋白的合成部位及分泌方式尚缺乏统一认识。作者应用免疫细胞化学染色(ABC法和IGSS法)对新西兰雄性家兔附睾上皮进行了研究。光镜和CAM高速计算机图象分析表明,ESP—1和ESP—2在附睾起始段为阴性,从头段开始主细胞胞质内逐渐出现阳性颗粒,在体段呈色反应强于其它各段。在此基础上,为深入探索上皮的分泌方式,超微结构及与光镜组化关系,又进行了扫描电镜观察。电镜结果显示:体部上皮相邻细胞分别具有不同的分泌时相,处于相对静止的细胞,表面覆盖微绒毛;而呈现分泌活动的细胞,其游离面局部常向腔内隆起(图1),隆起内部集结有许多大小不等的圆形或管泡状分泌颗     

Analysis of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing nerve fibres in the rat spinal cord using light and electron microscopy.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) content in areas surrounding the central canals of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cords of rats were investigated by light microscopy, conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) (100-200 kV) and high-voltage transmission electron microscopy (HVTEM) (1000 kV) using immunocytochemistry. Tissues were examined using either the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique or an immuno-cryoultramicrotomy technique. Light microscopically, more intense CGRP localization was observed ventral to the central canals in the lumbar and sacral cord compared with the dorsal area in the same regions. HVTEM revealed that high levels of CGRP labelling were found adjacent to the basal side of ependymal cells ventral to the central canal. Analysis using CTEM operated at 200 kV demonstrated that the CGRP immunoreactivity was present within unmyelinated nerve fibres in the vicinity of the basal side of ependymal cells ventral to the central canal. Immuno-cryoultramicrotomy revealed that immuno-gold particles indicating CGRP labelling were localized on vesicle-like electron-dense bodies in unmyelinated and some fine caliber myelinated nerve fibres. Existence of CGRP as a primary afferent marker in the area surrounding the central canal suggest that there may be an intimate relationship between the modulation of nociceptive information and the area surrounding the central canal in rat spinal cord.     

高血压大鼠第四脑室外侧隐窝室管膜细胞超微结构变化的电镜观察

目的:观察一氧化氮(NO)缺乏型高血压大鼠,第四脑室外侧隐窝室管膜细胞及其分泌状态的超微结构变化.方法:30只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,其中20只予以一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸(L-NNA) 15 mg/d,腹腔注射,复制高血压动物模型;10只予以0.9%氯化钠2 mL/d腹腔注射作为对照.对照组、用药2周组和用...     

Venous microvasculature of the pineal body and choroid plexus in the rat

Rats were perfused from aorta with Ringer's solution and with Karnovsky's fixative, and injected from the right atrium with Mercox resin. Specimens were properly taken, observed under LM, TEM, SEM, and stereo-photographed. Fenestrated endothelial cells of the pineal capillary were observed to contain plenty of microtubules running parallel to the long axis of the vessel. The endothelial basal lamina appeared anchored by microfibrils onto fine collagen fibrils and onto the basal lamina of the perivascular cells. These findings indicate resistance of the capillary endothelium against compression by perivascular hydrostatic pressure, and strongly suggest that the perivascular cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed into the capillary lumen. Resin cast of the pineal venous system looked like a glomerule with two longer collecting veins on the ventral surface and with shorter ones on the dorsal side all emptying into the straight sinus and the confluence of sinuses. Resin cast of the choroid plexus venous system tended to lobulate and looked like a vine with a spiral collecting vein emptying into the great vein. Two veins were found connecting the great vein to the confluence and to the transverse sinuses. These could be effective collaterals in case of occlusion of Galen's vein.     

Ciliogenesis in the human oviduct epithelium during the normal menstrual cycle.

Ciliogenesis has been investigated in the human oviduct epithelium during the normal menstrual cycle. Both centriolar and acentriolar pathways were involved in the replication of basal bodies. The centriolar pathway, in which procentrioles generate with the aid of preexisting diplosomes, played a minor role in the human oviduct. In the acentriolar pathway, fibrous granules were the first structure which appeared in the course of ciliogenesis and they initially occurred in association with the Golgi apparatus or free ribosomes. Subsequently deuterosomes arose in the aggregates of fibrous granules or apart from fibrous granules, and then microtubules-containing procentrioles originated around deuterosomes. Newly formed centrioles migrated to the apical cytoplasm with accompanying deuterosomes, and ciliary shafts extended first at the periphery of the luminal surface of ciliogenic cells. Deuterosomes as well as fibrous granules were considered to be related to the rootlet formation. Replicaion of basal bodies and protrusion of ciliary shafts mostly occurred during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle; however, a small number of fibrous granules indicating the ciliogenesis were still observed in some ciliated cells during the secretory phase. Ciliogenic cells in early stages of ciliogenesis contained secretory granules-like vesicles in the apical cytoplasm, suggesting that the ciliated cells are differentiated from secretory cells in the late secretory phase on demand.     

人类结肠正常及癌变黏膜表面的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对比观察正常成人及癌变大肠黏膜游离面的超微结构。结果显示正常人结肠与直肠黏膜对比,后者的肠腺开口处较低陷,腺管的管周界较难区分,上皮中杯状细胞少且其顶浆分泌泡较小,腺管开口内常附着巨噬细胞;癌变大肠黏膜表面与正常对比变得非常不平整,细胞大小不一,肠腺明显增多,腺管共壁现象明显,杯状细胞相对减少,且细胞顶部质膜有局部特异性。扫描电镜观察法对诊断正常及癌变大肠黏膜有一定意义。     

The capillary of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) in rabbits is more permeable to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) than that in rats

The distribution of the tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) of rabbits and rats was examined by electron microscopy. In rabbits, the HRP-diaminobenzidine reaction products were heavily distributed in the OVLT and surrounding brain tissues 10 and 60 min after the injection of HRP (50 mg kg(-1), i.v.), and were retained in the parenchymal tissues at 24 h post-injection. The majority was found in numerous large phagosomes of macrophages located in the perivascular spaces of the vascular beds and in ependymal cells (tanycytes) in the parenchyma. A large amount of reaction product was also localized in the intercellular clefts of the parenchyma. HRP-incorporation was seen in both nerve cells and ependymal cells in the OVLT at 10 min post-injection, but only in nerve cells in the preoptic area at 60 min post-injection. In rats, however, a small amount of the reaction products was observed in the OVLT 10 min after the injection of HRP (50 and 70 mg kg(-1), i.v.), and the levels were markedly reduced at 60 min post-injection. No HRP-incorporation by nerve cells was seen. From these findings, we concluded that the capillary of the OVLT of the rabbit is more permeable to HRP than that of the rat.     

肺癌患者胸水中腺癌细胞的超微病理诊断

探讨肺癌患者胸水中腺癌细胞的超微结构特点及与反应性间皮细胞的鉴别,分别对41例肺腺癌患者胸水中的癌细胞和对照组10例胸水中反应性间皮细胞进行超微结构对比观察.肺腺癌细胞表面的微绒毛、核凹陷和胞浆内的分泌颗粒、连接复合体及板层小体等超微结构均有助于与反应性间皮细胞的鉴别,其中短棒状微绒毛作为腺癌细胞形态特征标志,检出率为92.7%,如果再结合观察细胞间的连接复合体,其检出率高达95.1%.在常规细胞病理学诊断的基础上,再进行电镜观察,对肺癌患者胸水中腺癌细胞的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值.