高含量马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面品质改良技术的研究

利用响应面实验研究高含量马铃薯(全粉含量40%)非油炸挤出方便面的品质改良,通过回归分析确定其品质的主要影响因素,以糊化度和感官评分为指标作响应面图。结果表明:小麦蛋白1.53%、沙蒿胶0.01%、植物油2%、β-环状糊精0.06%时,得到的高含量马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面糊化度为92.1%、感官评分为90.9分。产品质构特性(TPA)各项指标与市售对照样品质基本一致,感官指标和营养指标优于市售对照样。     

马铃薯全粉对非油炸挤出方便面品质影响的研究

为探讨马铃薯全粉对非油炸方便面品质的影响,添加不同比例马铃薯全粉研究其混合粉基本成分及对方便面冲泡特性、糊化度、感官评分、质构特性的影响,通过相关分析建立混合粉指标与方便面品质间的相关性。结果表明:添加不同比例马铃薯全粉的基本特征,对方便面色泽、冲泡特性、感官评分、糊化度及质构特性的影响均有差异。随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,方便面的色泽呈暗红趋势变化;方便面的冲泡特性、糊化度、感官评分及质构特性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,说明适量添加马铃薯全粉可以在一定程度上提高方便面的食用品质。马铃薯全粉添加量5%～20%,其方便面食用品质较好。方便面的复水时间、冲泡损失、断条率与粗淀粉、粗蛋白、脂肪、水分含量呈显著负相关性,而与膳食纤维、灰分含量呈显著正相关性;方便面的感官评分、糊化度与粗淀粉、粗蛋白、脂肪、水分含量呈显著正相关性,而与膳食纤维含量呈显著负相关性(P0.05或P0.01)。这从侧面可说明马铃薯全粉中的粗淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、灰分等一些基础成分对非油炸挤出方便面的品质会产生一定的影响。为进一步研究高占比马铃薯全粉方便面提供实践支撑。     

方便面微波干燥效果的研究

微波干燥方便面是一种非油炸方便面,它避免了油炸方便面中高脂肪对人体健康的危害,产品的口感、色泽、韧性、爽滑性、适口性和复水性等方面均优于其他非油炸干燥方法.本文以方便面的水分含量、复水时间、感官评价等指标为依据,研究了影响微波干燥方便面干燥效果的因素.结果;水煮时间、微波干燥时间、微波功率对干燥效果均有影响,正交实验试验表明,水煮时间3min,微波干燥3.5min,微波功率600W时,微波干燥方便面的干燥效果最好.     

非油炸方便面生产的新技术

一、非油炸方便产业不能发展壮大的根本原因在上世纪八十年代初,我国在油炸方便面起步生产的同时,对非油炸方便面生产的研发也在开始。非油炸方便面生产的工艺流程,除了把热风干燥代替油炸之外,其他的工艺和设备大体相同。这种当时称之为波纹面的非油炸方便面的生产,在最初几年的发展速度和规模远远超过非油炸方便面。由于当时的非油炸方便面不能冲泡即     

工艺创新:非油炸方便面产业将突破困境

1从五谷道场的兴衰看非油炸方便面的产业症结20世纪80年代初,中国在油炸方便面起步生产的同时,对非油炸方便面生产的研发也在开始。非油炸方便面生产的工艺流程,除了用热风干燥代替油炸之外,其他的工艺和设备大体相同。这种当时称之为波纹面的非油炸方便面的生产,在最初几年的发展速度和规模远远超过油炸方便面。     

简述热风干燥面生产的新工艺

0前言随着食品工业的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国方便面生产行业得到快速发展。但综观国内方便面的生产,几乎均采用油炸工艺。近年来,由于关键原料棕榈油价格飞涨以及人们对三低食品(低脂、低糖、低盐)的青睐,非油炸方便面生产工艺正悄然兴起,非油炸方便面有可能发展为极具潜力的产品。然而现在采用的常规热风干燥工艺加工出来的产品面块干缩,面条复水性差,而且外观色暗易浑汤,口感较差,这严重影响了非油炸方便面的市场销量。下面所介绍的热风干燥面生产工艺,是在常规热风干燥工艺的基础上做了较大改进,产品无论是在外观、口…     

热风微孔化方便面干燥工艺参数的优化

本文以小麦粉为主要原料加工非油炸方便面,采用高温气流快速干燥技术使面条内部出现微孔结构,改善面条的复水性能。重点研究了干燥温度、时间和风速等因素对方便面品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过L_9(3~3)正交试验对方便面的干燥工艺参数进行了优化,得到的最佳干燥工艺参数为:干燥温度160℃,干燥时间120 s,干燥风速21 m/s。在最佳干燥工艺参数条件下制作的热风微孔化方便面的复水时间(211 s)短于4 min,同时不含外来脂肪,脂肪含量低于1%,水分含量为4.33%,其食用品质优于传统的非油炸方便面,并且可与对照的油炸方便面媲美。通过扫描电镜观察面条的显微结构发现,采用高温气流快速干燥工艺得到的方便面,其表面光滑,内部呈现出微孔结构,为其快速复水创造了基础。     

新型热风干燥面生产技术

方便面作为方便食品的主力军在中国发展的势头强劲，逐步形成了有1300多条生产线，年产20多亿元的规模。就其品种而言，绝大多数以油炸面为主。但是随着生活水平的提高，消费意识的改变，食品将向着“低脂、低糖、高纤维”的方向发展。因此，含油量高的油炸面将面临另一种新产品──非油炸方便面的挑战。目前我国大陆已陆续出现了几种非油炸方便面，如新鲜面（即软罐头形式的方便面）、微波干燥面、新型热风干燥面等。其中新型热风干燥面工艺及设备已趋于成熟完善，下面就介绍一下热风干燥面的生产工艺。1工艺流程真空和面→十复合压延、切…     

汤料中添加剂对改善非油炸方便面品质的研究

非油炸方便面采用热风对蒸煮后的面块进行脱水干燥,其产品结构细密,复水性差,且复水后面条的口感略涩.通过各种乳化剂、增稠剂在方便面汤料中的使用.对其提高非油炸方便面品质的作用进行了研究,并通过正交试验优选出汤料用品质改良剂复配配方.通过汤料中复配改良剂的使用,能显著缩短面块复水时间,增浓汤汁,改善面条品质.     

非油炸加味方便面的制法

通常,非油炸方便面很难加味,非油炸方便面的制法是将用普通方法加工的面条进行蒸煮处理,然后通过热风干燥等方式制成α化面。为了加工加味方便面,必须在蒸煮处理前、后对蒸面进行加味处理。可是,如果在蒸面前进行加味处理,在蒸煮过程中会洗掉加味液,而     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the