基于数据变化率和重构贡献图的微小故障诊断方法

针对复杂工业过程的微小故障诊断问题,提出一种数据预处理与重构贡献图相结合的故障诊断方法;为了克服非高斯分布数据对故障检测准确性的影响,通过基于数据变化率的方法对样本原始数据进行预处理后,可以有效地检测过程变量的微小故障,以此建立故障诊断主元分析模型;检测出系统故障后,为了提高故障辨识准确度,采用一种平均残差差值重构贡献图的方法对故障进行辨识;通过正常样本数据和故障数据在残差子空间中的投影,获取两个数值的残差差值向量,计算重构贡献值来确定故障变量;以田纳西-伊斯曼(TE)过程为对象进行了故障诊断仿真实验,并与传统贡献图和重构贡献图方法的辨识准确率相比较,结果表明所提方法具有良好的故障诊断性能。     

基于特征子空间的滑动窗PCA在批过程故障诊断中的应用

基于传统的多向主元分析MPCA(multiway principal component analysis)常会导致误诊断,且对批过程难以保证在线状态监测和故障诊断的实时性,提出了一种基于特征子空间的滑动窗主元分析方法。在实时故障监测与诊断时,该方法采用适当大小的滑动窗逐步更新当前子数据空间,对当前子数据空间故障的识别通过依次计算其与基底库中各故障的匹配度来进行。这种方法克服了传统的MPCA不能处理非线性过程和实时性问题,并避免了MPCA在线应用时预报未来测量值带来的误差, 提高了批过程性能监测和故障诊断的准确性。     

基于主元子空间故障重构技术的故障诊断研究

针对基于主元分析(PCA)的统计性能监控法,由于不用过程机理模型的信息,因此,对故障诊断问题有难以在理论上作系统分析的缺陷,于是提出了一种基于主元子空间故障重构技术的故障诊断方法。利用故障子空间的概念,在故障重构技术的基础上,研究基于T~2统计量的故障诊断问题,提出故障识别指标和诊断算法。通过对双效蒸发过程的仿真监测,验证该诊断方法的有效性。     

主元空间中故障重构的故障识别（英文）

基于主元分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)统计过程监控方法,由于其不需要数学模型,因此目前在过程监控领域获得了广泛应用,但这也限制了其在故障诊断方面的能力。针对此问题,本文从故障子空间与PCA监控模型的角度,利用故障重构技术,对基于PCA的T~2统计量进行重构,获得了主元子空间中T~2统计量的故障可重构性理论条件,提出了具体的故障识别指标和诊断算法,解决了基于主元子空间故障重构技术的故障诊断问题,弥补了Dunia等人的方法只在残差子空间中讨论故障重构与识别问题。通过对双效蒸发过程的仿真监控,表明了所获得的理论条件、故障识别指标和诊断算法能对传感器故障和过程故障进行有效地识别,证实了所获理论、识别指标和诊断算法的有效性。     

主元空间中故障可重构性、可分离性研究

基于主元分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)的统计过程性能监测尽管不依赖于精确的数学模型,但也限制了它的故障诊断能力。本文在故障子空间和PCA监测模型及故障重构技术的基础上,研究了基于T2统计量的故障诊断问题,获得了主元空间中故障可重构性、可分离性的必要充分理论条件。通过对双效蒸发过程的仿真监测,证实了所获理论结果的有效性;表明通过故障重构不仅为故障识别提供了基础,而且重构故障幅值波形还为判断传感器故障类型提供了依据。     

一种基于信噪比确定主元个数的方法

多段主元分析(MPCA)是针对间歇进行故障诊断一种行之有效的方法.在MPCA中主元个数的确定是模型的关键,关系到主元模型的可靠性、准确性、完备性.传统的累积方差贡献率(CPV)方法确定主元个数主观性较大并且没有考虑故障因素.为了提高检测性能,有效的提取主元,文中提出一种信噪比(SNR)与MPCA相结合选取间歇过程主元个数的方法,SNR表明的是故障诊断的灵敏度和主元个数的影响关系,在确保主元信息充分描述数据的基础上,该方法考虑了故障的信息对主元个数的影响来选取主元.将此方法应用于青霉素间歇发酵过程故障诊断中,仿真结果表明T2统计量和SPE统计量的响应曲线对故障更加敏感,有效地提高了故障诊断的准确率.     

一种基于DIOCVA的过程监控方法

传统基于典型变量分析的过程监控方法无法判断故障是否影响产 品质量.为此,本文提出一种基于动态输入输出典型变量分析(Dynamic input-output canonical variate analysis, DIOCVA)的过程监控方法.该方法利用典型变量分析提取数据之间的相关性,并进一步考虑方差信息和时序相关性, 将过程数据和质量数据映射到5个子空间:输入输出相关子空间,不相关输入主元子空间, 不相关输入残差子空间,不相关输出主元子空间和不相关输出残差 子空间.所提方法能够精细区分影响质量的过程故障和不影响质量的过程故障.以Tennessee Eastman过程为例对所提方法的有效性进行了验证.     

基于迁移子空间学习的偏最小二乘回归软测量方法

针对流程工业中工况改变易导致当前样本与历史样本分布失配,传统软测量模型失准的问题,考虑工业数据时序性、动态性以及存在过程漂移等特性对建模的影响,提出一种基于迁移子空间学习的偏最小二乘回归软测量方法.首先,回归框架采用非线性迭代偏最小二乘方法,对其求解映射向量的目标函数施加基于子空间重构的域适应正则项,映射过程中保证当前工况中每个样本能够被历史工况样本线性重构.在此基础上对重构矩阵施加低秩稀疏约束,保持数据结构的同时使重构矩阵具备块状结构以应对过程漂移特性.将所提出方法在1个数值案例和3个不同的多工况数据集中进行实验,并与现有域适应回归方法进行对比分析.实验表明,所提出方法能够有效提高模型在跨工况条件下的预测精度,减少工况间数据分布差异对模型性能的影响.     

CSMWPCA方法及其在批过程故障诊断中的应用

鉴于传统的多向主元分析（MPCA）难以保证在线状态监测和故障诊断的实时性,提出了一种基于特征子空间的滑动窗主元分析（CSMWPCA）故障监测与诊断方法。在实时故障监测与诊断时,该方法采用适当大小的滑动窗逐步更新当前子数据空间,对当前子数据空间故障的识别通过依次计算其与基底库中各故障的匹配度来进行,克服了传统的MPCA不能处理非线性过程和实时性问题。与一种新的移动窗多向主元分析（MWMPCA）方法相比,CSMWPCA方法能更有效地识别故障发生的原因。     

重构贡献在变压器故障诊断中的应用

在常规DGA诊断方法中,存在故障数据不敏感的问题。为此,提出一种基于重构贡献的变压器故障诊断方法。该方法在建立主元分析模型后,采用SPE和T2统计量检测故障,在分析重构贡献法故障诊断性能的基础上,利用重构贡献法识别故障。实例研究结果表明,该方法可以识别故障发生的原因,提高故障诊断的准确性,具有较好的故障识别能力。     

Comprehensive subspace decomposition and isolation of principal reconstruction directions for online fault diagnosis

Reconstruction based fault diagnosis isolates the fault cause by finding fault subspace to bring the faulty data back to normal. However, the conventional reconstruction model was often defined using principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the general distribution information of fault data and may not well discriminate fault from normal status. It thus may fail to recover the fault-free data efficiently. To overcome the above problem, a relative principal component of fault reconstruction (RPCFR) modeling algorithm is proposed in the present work for fault subspace extraction and online fault diagnosis. Instead of directly modeling fault data to extract the reconstruction directions, the algorithm gives the original fault space a comprehensive decomposition according to its relationship with the normal process information. Those fault directions that can more efficiently characterize the effects of fault deviations relative to normal data are separated from the others and used for fault reconstruction. Its performance on online fault diagnosis is illustrated by the data from the Tennessee Eastman process.     

Subspace decomposition approach of fault deviations and its application to fault reconstruction

In the present work, a new subspace decomposition approach of fault deviations is developed in the context of principal component analysis (PCA) based monitoring system for fault diagnosis via reconstruction. The fault effects are decomposed in different monitoring subspaces, principal subspace (PCS) and residual subspace (RS), and the significant fault deviations that are responsible for the concerned alarming monitoring statistic are calculated. This is achieved by designing a two-step feature decomposition procedure in each monitoring subspace. In the first step, the relative fault deviations are sorted by comparing the fault variations with the normal variations. All possible fault deviations that may contribute to the out-of-control monitoring statistics are collected. In the second step, PCA is performed on the chosen fault information where the largest fault deviation directions are decomposed in order. By the two-step decomposition, in each monitoring subspace, two different parts are separated for the purpose of fault reconstruction. One is composed of the concerned fault deviations that contribute to alarming monitoring statistics which are thus significant to remove the out-of-control signals. The other is composed of general variations that are deemed to follow normal rules and thus insignificant to remove alarming monitoring statistics. Theoretical support is framed and the related statistical characteristics are analyzed. Its feasibility and performance are illustrated with data from the three-tank system and the Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process.     

基于多块KPCA和SDG 的故障诊断方法

针对大规模复杂工业过程,提出一种基于多块核主元分析(MBKPCA)和符号有向图(SDG)的故障诊断方法。首先,提出基于SDG和优先级的分块策略,以强连接元SCC为最高优先级、多入/出度节点群为次高优先级、节点链为最低优先级对过程进行分块;在此基础上,采用MBKPCA进行过程监控,对于检测到的故障,先确定故障发生在哪一个数据块,再触发SDG在故障块内完成故障定位。所提出方法克服了多块KPCA故障隔离不完全和SDG推理过程中组合爆炸的缺点,可以提高复杂工业过程故障诊断的准确度和速度。基于Tennessee Eastman过程的仿真研究表明了所提出故障诊断方法的有效性。     

Data-driven diagnosis of sensor precision degradation in the presence of control

This paper considers the precision degradation type of sensor faults within control loops. In a closed loop, sensor faults propagate through controller to manipulated variables and disturb the other process variables, which obscures the source of sensor faults but receives less attention in existing methods of data-driven sensor fault diagnosis. With the assumption that only closed-loop data in normal condition are available, difficulty arises due to the facts that little a priori knowledge is known about closed-loop sensor fault propagation and the open-loop process model may not be identifiable. The proposed method in this paper constructs residual that is regarded as including two parts: the first part is the current sensor faults whose fault direction is known to be the identity matrix; and for the purpose of diagnosing the first part, the second part is considered as the disturbance which is affected by noises and past sensor faults due to unknown fault propagation. The disturbance variance is minimized in residual generator design to improve fault sensitivity. And the corresponding disturbance covariance is estimated and then utilized in residual evaluation. The proposed method in this paper is motivated by a pioneer work on closed-loop sensor fault diagnosis which performs principal component analysis in the feedback-invariant subspace of the closed-loop process outputs. But it is revealed by the proposed method that the feedback-invariant signal is affected by past sensor faults, leading to performance degradation of the pioneer work. The improvement of the proposed approach is due to analysis of residual dynamics and explicit handling of the disturbance in residual evaluation, which is not considered in the pioneer work. A simulated 4 × 4 dynamic process and a simulated two-product distillation column are studied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to the existing principal component analysis method in feedback-invariant subspace.     

基于分块核主成分分析和支持向量机的故障检测

针对工业系统监测数据为非线性,且难以辨识复杂工作过程中故障位置的问题,提出一种基于分块核主成分分析(BKPCA)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的集成故障检测方法.首先对系统监测变量进行分块,使用KPCA对每个分块在特征空间中建立T2和平方预测误差(SPE)统计量来实时监测系统健康状态,并使用LS-SVM对上述过程检测出来的故障数据进行再次判断.随后计算出现故障后计算每一分块的故障贡献率,进而确定发生故障的分块.由于采用了并行分块算法,可以较简单的确定故障发生位置,提高计算效率,同时LS-SVM方法的应用也可以提升故障检测的精度.使用田纳西-伊斯曼化工(TE)过程数据对本文所提方法进行仿真验证,试验结果表明所提方法取得了较好效果.