不同分子质量米糠多肽的抗氧化活性

采用截留分子质量为10000、3000D超滤膜对碱性蛋白酶水解米糠蛋白的水解液进行分离,获得不同分子质量(Mw)的米糠多肽混合物组分,以6种抗氧化活性指标对米糠多肽混合物组分的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明:米糠多肽的抗氧化活性与蛋白分子质量大小密切相关。Mw>10kD的米糠多肽对.OH的清除能力最强,属于活性氧自由基清除的抗氧化机制;Mw3～10kD的米糠多肽对Fe3+螯合能力最强,属于金属离子螯合的抗氧化机制;Mw<3kD的米糠多肽对O-2.的清除能力、DPPH自由基的清除能力、ABTS+.清除能力和Fe3+还原能力最强,属于电子转移(SET)的抗氧化机制。不同分子质量的米糠多肽抗氧化活性随多肽质量浓度的增加而增加。     

远东拟沙丁鱼抗氧化肽的分离纯化及结构解析

通过动物蛋白酶和风味酶联合水解,采用超滤等膜分离技术制备远东拟沙丁鱼蛋白多肽,得到不同分子质量区间的多肽样品F1(100～3000 u)、F2(3000～10000 u)和F3(大于10000 u).以DPPH、ABTS和羟基自由基清除能力为检测指标,测定各组分的抗氧化活性,结果显示:组分F1的抗氧化活性最强.进一步对...     

汉麻籽多肽的氨基酸营养组成与体外结合胆酸盐能力的研究

以超临界CO_2脱脂制备出的汉麻籽粕为原料,经中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶复合酶水解汉麻籽粕水溶液后,采用切向流超滤系统对水解液进行分离纯化,得到组分a、b、c、d 4种汉麻籽多肽组分,测定其氨基酸组成,并对其营养和体外结合胆酸盐能力进行了评价。研究结果表明:对于汉麻籽仁多肽组分a、b、c、d,其氨基酸比值系数分值分别为44.08、39.67、48.83、42.16,营养价值一般,限制氨基酸为缬氨酸。体外结合胆酸盐实验结果表明,4种多肽组分都具有潜在降血脂作用,多肽组分d的潜在降血脂作用最强。     

桃仁多肽的酶法制备及其抗氧化活性分析

以桃仁蛋白为原料,对响应面法优化多肽制备条件和酶解多肽各组分的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:以底物浓度3.5%、pH 10.4、加酶量4 200 U/g、酶解时间4.9 h条件下进行碱性蛋白酶酶解,可获得桃仁蛋白的最高水解度(61.12±0.7)%和多肽得率(67.91±0.5)%。桃仁蛋白及其酶解物的SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳图表明,酶解后的多肽分子质量大部分小于12 000 u。酶解液(PPH)及其超滤分离所得4组分分别采用DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、亚硝酸根离子清除能力和总抗氧化能力4个体外抗氧化活性测试,结果显示不同分子质量组分间的抗氧化活性存在显著性差异(P0.05),分子质量越小,其抗氧活性越强。RP-HPLC分析表明,抗氧化活性最强的P-IV组主要由9种具有一定疏水性的多肽组成。     

汉麻籽抗氧化肽的制备与氨基酸序列分析

为开发具有较好抗氧化活性的植物源蛋白肽,采用木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合酶法水解汉麻籽粕获得汉麻籽蛋白水解物,经膜分离技术得到4种不同分子质量的多肽组分。通过DPPH自由基清除率、总还原力的测定,评价不同多肽组分的抗氧化活性,并对抗氧化活性最强的多肽组分进行氨基酸序列分析。结果显示：低分子质量的汉麻籽多肽组分具有更好的抗氧化活性,其中HP-Ⅳ组分（分子质量＜1 kDa）的抗氧化活性最强;HP-Ⅳ组分中丰度较高的6个肽段的分子质量分别为 364.84、539.77、630.30、662.33、718.90、827.41 Da,氨基酸序列分别为NRDDMRER、ANQLDQFSR、NPEDEFEQLRREGGRG、NHNNQLDLTPR、TVNSYNLPILRF、VSLLDTSNVNNQLDDNPRRFY。汉麻籽蛋白水解物,尤其是分子质量小于1 kDa的多肽组分可作为功能性成分用于抗氧化相关功能食品和保健品的开发。     

呈味肽的制备、纯化与鉴定

采用酶解法以鸡肉为原料进行鸡肉蛋白多肽的制备,通过葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对混合多肽进行不同分子质量片断的分离,确定最优的分离填料为G25、洗脱液为乙醇-水,在此条件下,分子质量＜1 000 u的组分通过分离富集含量可达100%、分子质量＞5 000 u的组分含量达78%、分子质量1 000～5 000 u的组分含量达70%。通过感官评价、电子舌分析发现,不同分子质量片段多肽提供的风味侧重点不同,分子质量＜1 000 u的多肽热反应产物在醇厚感、嗜好性方面最优。利用高效液相色谱、液质联用仪对该肽段进一步纯化与鉴定,找到其中5条呈味肽,并采用固相合成法制备,经感官评价验证其呈味功能,发现在清水评价中,合成的5条多肽呈味效果以酸、甜、鲜味为主;在鸡粉溶液加香评价中,呈现鲜味最强的多肽为γ-L-Glu-L-Glu和γ-L-Glu-L-Val-Gly;呈现醇厚感最强的多肽为L-GSH。     

不同分子质量鲍鱼外套膜酶解物抗氧化活性研究

研究鲍鱼外套膜酶解物(AMH)及其不同分子质量组分的抗氧化活性。采用中性蛋白酶水解鲍鱼外套膜制得AMH,通过超滤得到分子质量分别为小于1kDa和1～3,3～5,5～10kDa的4种酶解物组分;考察AMH和不同分子质量组分的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:AMH清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基和亚铁离子螯合能力的IC50值分别为11.76,12.07,4.04mg/mL;经过超滤分离后,其抗氧化活性明显增强,且1～3kDa分子质量范围组分的清除DPPH自由基和OH自由基能力最强,3～5kDa分子质量范围组分的亚铁离子螯合能力最强。     

雨生红球藻新型抗氧化肽的制备纯化、鉴定筛选及其对秀丽线虫抗氧化能力的影响

为深入挖掘藻渣的高附加值,本实验开展雨生红球藻抗氧化肽的制备和活性研究。将雨生红球藻蛋白酶解物作为原料,以2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基清除力为活性跟踪指标,通过超滤、制备型和分析型高效液相色谱,纯化制备抗氧化多肽组分;经高效液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴定氨基酸序列,同时采用分子对接技术筛选并确定雨生红球藻抗氧化肽,并揭示作用机理;基于秀丽隐杆线虫模型,评价藻多肽的体内抗氧化活性。结果表明,雨生红球藻多肽组分的抗氧化能力经分离后提高2.96倍,选择自由基清除力最强的组分i(0.25 mg/mL时ABTS阳离子自由基清除率（96.97±2.00）%)进行结构鉴定,获得10条多肽序列i-1～i-10;分子对接结果显示,i-1与ABTS阳离子自由基的最小结合自由能最低,表明其抗氧化能力最强,确定新型雨生红球藻抗氧化肽（Haematococcus pluvialis antioxidant peptide,HPp）序列为KFTPAP。体内实验表明,H...     

四季豆叶富硒肽的酶法制备工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用四季豆叶富硒蛋白(SPK)为材料，利用碱性蛋白酶对其进行酶解。通过单因素和响应面试验，确定最优酶解条件，利用超滤截流不同分子质量(10、5、1 kDa)的酶解液得到多肽，并对其进行体外抗氧化活性分析。结果表明：在底物添加量3%(以超纯水质量计)、酶解时间120 min、酶解温度50℃、加酶量3%(以SPK质量计)、pH 9.5的条件下，水解度为12.74%±1.12%。当四季豆叶富硒多肽质量浓度为0.5～3.0 mg/mL时，低分子质量(<1 kDa)组分多肽的抗氧化能力总体上优于其他3组组分多肽(>10、5～10、1～5 kDa)。     

黑曲霉发酵豆粕制备抗氧化肽研究

研究黑曲霉发酵豆粕制备大豆多肽的工艺条件及多肽的抗氧化性能,并考察多肽的分子质量。结果表明：在接种量为2%、发酵液pH6.0、底物质量浓度9g/100mL、发酵时间34h 的条件下,所得发酵液中豆粕多肽的质量浓度最高,为3.38mg/mL。经凝胶层析分离后得到两个组分的大豆多肽(组分I 和组分II)。大豆多肽清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基活性及对脂质过氧化反应产物的抑制作用与其质量浓度均呈现良好的线性关系,且组分I 优于组分II。大豆多肽组分I 和组分II 的分子质量分别为675.58D 和1625.54D。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the