植酸对羽毛角蛋白整理涤纶性能的影响

为提高羽毛角蛋白(FK)对涤纶织物的后整理效果及其耐久性,向FK整理液中添加了植酸(PA)组分,采用SEM和FTIR对整理前后涤纶织物的形貌和结构进行了表征,同时对比分析了PA对FK整理涤纶织物表面静态接触角、芯吸高度、抗静电性能的影响规律.此外,将整理的涤纶织物进行洗涤处理,测试了织物上FK的保留率.结果表明:PA组分的添加,可在涤纶织物表面引入磷酸根官能团,使得亲水性基团的数量增加,整理涤纶织物的芯吸高度与抗静电性提升,表面静态接触角下降;同时PA还提升了FK整理涤纶织物的耐久性,经相同工艺水洗后,FK的保留率仍高达89.20％,高于单一组分FK整理的涤纶织物.     

植酸/三元黏合剂/羽毛角蛋白阻燃机织羊毛织物的制备及其性能

针对机织羊毛阻燃环保性要求，以生物质植酸（PA）和羽毛角蛋白（FK）为原料，三元黏合剂〔(P(GMA-co-FHBMA)-g-PEGMA〕为交联剂，基于浸轧-焙烘工艺，在机织羊毛织物表面构建了PA/P(GMA-co-FHBMA)-g-PEGMA/FK阻燃涂层。采用FTIR、SEM、极限氧指数（LOI）、TG对阻燃整理前后机织羊毛进行了结构表征和性能测试。结果表明，采用浸轧-焙烘工艺在机织羊毛织物上成功构建PA/P(GMA-co-FHBMA)-g-PEGMA/FK阻燃涂层；与未整理的机织羊毛织物相比，经过PA/P(GMA-co-FHBMA)-g-PEGMA/FK阻燃整理后的机织羊毛织物LOI可达32.5%，损毁长度降至96 mm，续燃和阴燃时间降低，且对织物的断裂强度和手感影响较小；机织羊毛织物的热稳定性能得到提高，形成稳定的炭层；经15次水洗其LOI > 27.0%，表现出较好的耐久性。     

有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液对涤纶织物的防水整理

通过无乳化剂乳液聚合和溶胶-凝胶的方法成功合成了有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液,将有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液应用于涤纶织物的防水功能整理,扫描电镜结果表明,经过整理后的涤纶织物表面形成了一层均匀的薄膜。X射线光电子能谱结果表明,乳液中的氟硅链富集在涤纶织物表面,降低了涤纶织物的表面能。经过有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液整理后的涤纶织物的水接触角由0°增大到152.26°,这使得涤纶织物获得了超疏水能力;经过30次水洗后水接触角仍大于90°,这说明涤纶织物表面形成的疏水薄膜具有良好的耐久性。     

原位交联羽毛角蛋白杂化膜的制备与性能表征

以羽毛角蛋白粉（FK）、甘油和γ-（2,3-环氧丙氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH560）为原料,采用浇铸法制备了原位交联的羽毛角蛋白杂化膜。借助FITR、TG、SEM和接触角测试仪等手段对羽毛角蛋白杂化膜的结构和性能进行了分析和表征,同时考察了KH560用量对其力学性能、热稳定性、疏水性的影响。结果表明：在碱性加热条件下,KH560上的环氧基与羽毛角蛋白上的氨基发生了加成反应以及KH560上Si-O-CH₃水解成Si-OH,然后缩合形成Si-O-Si网络结构,从而增强了羽毛角蛋白之间的相互作用力,有效地改善了羽毛角蛋白膜的力学性能、热稳定性和疏水性。     

涤纶织物表面结构改性对其亲水性的影响

为了解决涤纶织物亲水性差、回潮率低、染色性差等问题,用涤纶碱减量和生物酶法对涤纶织物进行改性,研究了氢氧化钠浓度、抗静电剂SN、角质酶浓度、缓冲液、表面活性剂等因素对涤纶织物亲水性的影响。试验结果表明:涤纶碱减量中,在保证织物力学性能的情况下,与只加入氢氧化钠相比,同时加入抗静电剂SN的涤纶织物的回潮率更大。生物酶法中,在角质酶、非离子表面活性剂和缓冲液共同作用下,涤纶织物的回潮率有了显著提升。     

石墨烯柔性导电改性涤纶织物的制备与性能

采用乙二胺（EDA）和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性，获得氨基化改性涤纶，再将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液，涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用扫描电镜（SEM）对导电涤纶进行表征，并进行耐洗和耐摩擦性能测试。研究结果表明，涤纶织物经EDA改性后对GO的吸附能力增强，织物导电性增加；改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺为GO溶液pH值6，5 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60min可使织物上GO较充分还原，改性涤纶织物的导电性随GO浓度的增大、还原温度的增加和还原时间的延长而增强，当GO为2g/L时，改性涤纶的表面电阻值降低至14.575 KΩ/cm。由SEM结果可知未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑，经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜。     

仿棉共聚酯织物的制备及其亲水性能

为了提高涤纶织物的亲水性,在聚合阶段利用多组分共聚的手段改变聚酯分子结构,经过后道系列的加工制备出仿棉共聚酯织物。对织物进行了亲水性能的测试,结果表明:在20℃、相对湿度65%的环境下,共聚酯织物的回潮率达到1.2%以上,织物表面与水的接触角瞬间为0°,芯吸高度在15 cm以上,滴水扩散时间小于1 s,吸水率达到300%以上。与常规聚酯织物相比,仿棉共聚酯织物的亲水性能得到了明显改善。     

仿棉共聚酯织物的制备及其亲水性能

为了提高涤纶织物的亲水性,在聚合阶段利用多组分共聚的手段改变聚酯分子结构,经过后道系列的加工制备出仿棉共聚酯织物。对织物进行了亲水性能的测试,结果表明：在20 ℃、相对湿度65 %的环境下,共聚酯织物的回潮率达到1.2 %以上,织物表面与水的接触角瞬间为0°,芯吸高度在 15 cm以上,滴水扩散时间小于1 s,吸水率达到300 %以上。与常规聚酯织物相比,仿棉共聚酯织物的亲水性能得到了明显改善。     

GO/氟硅乳液复合亚麻整理剂的拒水防紫外线性能

以氧化石墨烯（GO）为功能填料，氟硅丙烯酸酯（FSiAc）乳液为功能黏合助剂，制备氧化石墨烯/氟硅丙烯酸酯（GO/FSiAc）复合乳液整理剂，并通过轧-烘-焙工艺对亚麻织物进行拒水防紫外线多功能整理。利用FTIR、TEM和DLS表征了GO/FSiAc复合乳液的结构和粒径分布；通过XPS和SEM表征了整理亚麻织物的表面元素和形貌；考察了软单体（BA）和硬单体（MMA）的质量比及GO的质量浓度等对整理亚麻织物的耐热性、拒水性、紫外线防护性能及物理机械性能等应用性能及服用性能的影响。结果表明，GO在FSiAc乳液中良好的分散并均匀地覆盖在亚麻织物表面。当m(BA)∶m(MMA)=7∶3，GO的质量浓度达到4 g/L时，表现出优异的拒水性和防紫外线性能，其水接触角为148.48°，紫外线防护系数（UPF）为179.77，紫外线（UVA）波段的透过率为0.63%。与原始亚麻织物相比，GO/FSiAc复合乳液整理亚麻织物的耐热性、断裂强力和断裂伸长率分别提升了60.67℃、153 N和11.1%，同时保持良好的透气性能。经过20次皂洗测试后，水接触角仍为142.00°，UPF为162.22，UVA波段的透过率为0.94%，说明整理后亚麻织物具有良好的耐久性。     

防紫外超疏水织物的制备及耐久性评价

采用全纳米颗粒自组装的方法,在棉、锦纶和涤纶织物上制备了TiO_2/SiO_2薄膜,再经十六烷基三甲基硅烷修饰,得到了兼具抗紫外及超疏水功能的多种织物。自组装过程中分别以SiO_2和Ti_2溶胶为原料,逐层于聚电解质表面处理的织物上组装了TiO_2/SiO_2多层薄膜。经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试表明,膜层均匀沉积在织物纤维表面。接触角测试表明,疏水处理后表面水的接触角可达172°。紫外可见分光光度计测试表明,经TiO_2/SiO_2修饰后,织物在紫外光区的吸光度成倍提高。用耐老化、耐摩擦、耐水流喷射等耐久性试验评价了织物在使用过程中可能遇到的各种破坏,证明自组装再经疏水剂处理的织物具有良好的耐久性。     

吸湿排汗针织面料的纤维素酶柔软整理

对以纯棉纱为面纱、COOLCOOL涤纶低弹丝为底纱制织的针织纬编添纱组织的织物面料进行纤维素酶洗柔软整理,研究处理时间、处理浴pH值、处理温度、纤维素酶用量等对试样柔洗效果以及对织物的吸湿排汗性能的影响规律,并且得出优化的酶洗柔软整理工艺。对整理后的针织布的悬垂性、透气性、透湿性、液态水扩散速度、毛细芯吸高度进行测试分析,结果表明：COOLCOOL纤维／棉针织布的悬垂系数小;透气量、透湿性大;芯吸高度好;液态水扩散速度大,说明COOLCOOL纤维／棉针织布的舒适性好。     

预处理对微胶囊改性聚酯织物舒适凉爽性的影响

由于聚酯纤维的化学性质稳定、纤维表面光滑,不易与后整理剂相结合,因此利用薄荷油微胶囊后整理对聚酯织物进行舒适凉爽改性时,存在附着量少、改性效果差的缺点。为解决这一问题,本文在后整理前增加了碱预处理和等离子体预处理。通过对聚酯织物原样、无预处理后整织物、碱预处理后整织物和等离子体预处理后整织物进行舒适凉爽性能测试,深入分析两种预处理方法对聚酯织物改性效果的影响。结果表明：等离子体预处理在织物透湿、导水、润湿、速干和凉爽性改性方面促进作用更明显,相比无预处理后整织物,等离子体后整织物的透湿率、经向和纬向芯吸高度、滴水扩散时间、蒸发速率及接触凉感系数分别提高了3.32%、40.24%、27.25%、80.39%、21.21%和5.59%;碱预处理则在织物透气性和吸水性改善方面的效果更佳,相比无预处理的后整织物,可将织物的透气率和吸水率分别提高43.43%和13.03%。因此,两种预处理方法对聚酯织物舒适凉爽性的改性效果有显著促进作用。     

Core‐shell ZrO2/PMMA composites via dispersion polymerization in supercritical fluid: Synthesis,characterization and mechanism

In this study, the polyester (PET) fabric was hydrolyzed with alkali to increase the surface activity and enhance the nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) adsorption to produce higher functionality. The PET fabric was first treated with sodium hydroxide along with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant and then dipped into an ultrasound bath containing nano-TiO₂ followed by curing at high temperature. The weight loss, vertical wicking, and water droplet adsorption time were evaluated and are reported. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanoparticles deposited on the PET fabric was examined by the degradation of methylene blue as a model stain under daylight irradiation. The residual TiO₂ on the fabric surface after 1 and 10 successive washings was determined to indicate the washing durability of the finished fabric. Also, the UV protection was assessed by UV reflectance spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy pictures and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of some fabrics are also reported. The surface hydrolysis of the PET fabric with sodium hydroxide created some voids and hydrophilic groups on the fabric surface; this led to the higher adsorption of nano-TiO₂ particles and enhanced the wettability, vertical wicking, and higher durability against repeated washings of the nano-TiO₂ treated fabric. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

An analysis of the moisture-related properties of hydrolyzed polyester

Alkaline hydrolysis causes pitting of the surface of polyester (PET) fibers and films and improves their wettability, as indicated by contact angle measurements. The enhanced wettability is due to an increase in either the number or the accessibility of polymer hydrophilic groups to water and/or an increase in the roughness of sample surfaces. The increase of void space in the PET yarn and fabric structure, induced by treatment in aqueous NaOH together with the increased wettability of the fibers, was effective in improving the moisture transport properties of the materials. The NaOH-treated PET fabrics transported the water further than isolated corresponding yarns, possibly because, in the fabrics, the spaces between the yarns acted as an additional reservoir that permitted further wicking to occur. It is apparent from immersion and equilibrium wicking capacity tests that a hydrophilic topical finish, as well as a change in the yarn/fabric structure and the hydrophilicity of their surfaces can increase the water holding capacity of PET fabric. The moisture regain and water retention values of the samples were determined, and it was found that such tests are not sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between the hydrophilicity of nontreated PET fabrics and that of PET fabrics modified either by application of a topical finish or by NaOH treatment.     

Property modifications of finished textiles by a cationic surfactant

Fabrics made of 100% cotton, 100% polyester and a 50/50 cotton/polyester blend with and without functional finishes were treated in aqueous solutions of the cationic surfactant distearyldimethylammonium bromide (DSDMAB). Finishes chosen were dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), a durable press finish, and poly(acrylic acid), a soil release finish. Selective sorption of the cationic surfactant by finished and unfinished fabrics was quantified. Cotton takes up much larger amounts of DSDMAB than does polyester. In general, acrylic finished fabrics take up more DSDMAB, while DMDHEU finished fabrics take up smaller amounts of DSDMAB as compared to their unfinished controls. These findings indicate that ionic interaction forces play an important role in the sorption process. In order to investigate this, acid numbers were used as a relative measure of negative sorption sites on fabrics. A direct relationship between DSDMAB sorption and the acid numbers of the fabrics was established. Perceived fabric softness is generally improved by treatments with DSDMAB for all test fabrics. Although cotton fabrics finished with DMDHEU were perceived to be less soft than unfinished cotton, treatment with DSDMAB restored the softness level to that of unfinished cotton. The softness of both cotton and polyester fabrics was greatly lowered by the acrylic finish. The presence of even large amounts of DSDMAB did not restore softness ratings to levels comparable to unfinished controls. Electrical resistivity and electrostatic clinging measurements were used to assess the effectiveness of DSDMAB as an antistatic agent. DSDMAB reduced the electrical resistivities of all test fabrics. However, relative humidity played a much larger role in reducting the electrical resistivity of fabrics. Clinging times were also reduced by DSDMAB treatments. DSDMAB was particularly efficient in reducing the clinging time of polyester. Additional moisture related properties were investigated. The presence of DSDMAB on the test fabrics did not significantly alter moisture regain. The application of DSDMAB from aqueous solutions resulted in lower water retention values of the test fabrics after centrifuging at ag-factor comparable to home washing machines. This leads to energy savings during drying from 10–24%, depending on the fabric and finish type. However, energy savings due to fiber type were more significant than those due to the cationic surfactant treatment.     

玫瑰香精纳米胶囊加香缓释棉织物的性能研究

The aroma sustained-release cotton fabric was prepared by finishing rose fragrance nanocapsules directly on cotton.The structure and properties of nanocapsules were demonstrated by transmission electron microscope(TEM),dynamic light scattering(DLS),fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),X-ray diffraction (XRD),gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and electronic nose.The results showed that the spherical nanocapsule dispersed evenly and the average diameter kept 51.4 nm.The existence of COO peak(1741 cm? 1)in the FTIR curve of the finished cotton fabric and the decrease of crystallinity demonstrated that rose fragrance nanocapsules have been incorporated into the cotton fabrics.The washing resistance of the cotton fabrics finished by 51.4 nm nanocapsules was much better than that by rose fragrance alone.Besides,the loss of fragrance from the cotton fabrics finished by 51.4 nm nanocapsules was obviously lower than that by 532 nm nanocapsules and rose fragrance.The smaller the nanocapsule size,the better the sustained release property.Electronic nose analysis also displayed that the aroma released from the cotton fabrics finished by nanocapsules after washing has no obvious variety in contrast to that without washing.The cotton fabrics finished by nanocapsules has the excellent sustained release property.     

丙纶纺粘非织造布抗静电整理的工艺研究

采用壳聚糖和阳离子表面活性剂对丙纶纺粘非织造布进行抗静电后整理,考察了抗静电剂种类、浓度、配比、浸渍时间对织物抗静电性能及服用性能的影响。实验表明:复合抗静电剂在低浓度(0.25%￣0.50%)下使用,就可明显提高丙纶纺粘非织造布的抗静电性。对抗静电整理后织物服用性的测试表明:复合抗静电剂对织物的纵横向断裂强度、透气量、悬垂性基本无影响。     

Wrinkle resistant properties and antibacterial efficacy of cotton fabrics treated with glyoxal system and with combination of glyoxal and chitosan system

This study examined the possibility of using glyoxal and chitosan in one‐step finishing to impart both durable press performance and antibacterial efficacy on cotton fabrics. Glyoxal treatment provided good wrinkle resistant property and fair antibacterial activity on the finished fabrics, but the loss of breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics was a main problem of this treatment. Chitosan added in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system also provided comparable results in wrinkle resistant and antibacterial properties on the finished fabrics as the glyoxal did. The advantage of chitosan in the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system was the improvement of the breaking strength retention of the finished fabrics without affecting the durable press property of the finished fabrics. However, the yellowing of the finished fabric was still a problem when the finished fabrics were treated with the combination of glyoxal and chitosan system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1372–1377, 2006     

抗静电织物的电荷面密度测试与分析

通过YG(B)403型织物摩擦带电测试仪测试各种无导电纤维织物、不锈钢纤维织物、有机导电纤维织物的电荷面密度,研究了摩擦次数和含水率对织物抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:大部分含导电纤维的织物抗静电性能优于普通织物;摩擦次数对织物的抗静电性能基本无影响;随着含水率的减少,含导电纤维的织物抗静电性能有提高趋势,普通织物抗静电性能会有所下降。